Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress and Subsequent Rehydration in the Symbiotic Association Peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp.

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate plant growth and development and limit its production. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agriculturally valuable plant with widespread distribution in the world serving as a subsistence food crop as well as a source of various food products. The aims of this work were to evaluate growth and nodulation as well as some physiological and biochemical stress indicators in response to drought stress and subsequent rehydration in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144. Drought stress affected peanut growth reducing shoot dry weight, nodule number, and dry weight as well as nitrogen content, but root dry weight increased reaching a major exploratory surface. Besides, this severe water stress induced hydrogen peroxide production associated with lipid and protein damage; however, the plant was able to increase soluble sugar and abscisic acid contents as avoidance strategies to cope with drought stress. These physiological and biochemical parameters were completely reversed upon rehydration, in a short period of time, in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. Thus, the results provided in this work constitute the initial steps of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and rehydration in this nodulated legume.

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Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.5.3.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

Author(s):

ARADHNA KUMARI ◽

IM KHAN ◽

ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽

SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Drought Event ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

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Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 111-123

Author(s):

Ertran Yildirim ◽

Melek Ekinci ◽

Raziye Kul ◽

Metin Turan ◽

Ayla Gür

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

New Synthesis ◽

Relative Water ◽

Mda Content ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper. There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important. The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.

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Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Two Herbaceous Peony Cultivars to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13704-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 492-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qi Wang ◽

Rui Zhao ◽

Qihang Chen ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

Liqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Damage Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Relative Water ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Herbaceous peony is a perennial flowering plant with strong environmental adaptability and may be a good candidate for culture in arid areas. In this study, the physiological and biochemical responses of two herbaceous peony cultivars to different soil moisture gradients in pots were assessed by analyzing changes in 13 stress-related indices. The drought damage index (DDI) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, proline, and abscisic acid (ABA) generally increased as drought stress intensified, whereas leaf relative water content (LRWC) decreased, and the contents of soluble protein, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the ratio of IAA and ABA, and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes fluctuated. For the leaves, a positive correlation was found between DDI and superoxide dismutase (SOD), MDA, soluble sugar, proline, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and ABA, but it was negatively correlated with LRWC, peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). In fibrous roots, DDI was positively correlated with MDA, soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, and ABA but was negatively correlated with SOD, CAT, APX, and IAA/ABA. Principal component analysis and subordinate functions were used to evaluate drought resistance of the two cultivars, with ‘Karl Rosenfield’ showing greater resistance to drought than ‘Da Fu Gui’.

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Perubahan karakter biokimia dan fisiologi tanaman kacang hijau pada berbagai kondisi cekaman kekeringan

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v18i1.19492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Purwanto Purwanto ◽

Bambang Rudianto Wijonarko ◽

Tarjoko Tarjoko

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Screen House

Sari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respons fisiologi dan biokimia tanaman kacang hijau terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Screen House Exfarm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama yang dicoba adalah tingkat kelengasan tanah, yakni kadar air kapasitas lapang sebagai kontrol, 75% kapasitas lapang, dan 50% kapasitas lapang. Faktor kedua adalah varietas unggul kacang hijau yang terdiri dari Varietas Vima 2, varietas Vima 3, dan Varietas Kutilang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan sampai 50 persen kapasitas lapang sudah menunjukkan penurunan pada karakter luas daun dan bobot kering tanaman, tetapi belum berpengaruh terhadap kadar prolin tanaman kacang hijau. Kata Kunci: Kacang hijau, cekaman kekeringan, varietas, biokimia, fisiologis Abstract. This study aims to examine the physiological and biochemical responses of mungbean plants to drought stress. The research was conducted at the Screen House Exfarm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, from March to October 2018. Experiment used Randomized Block Design with factorial treatment. The first factor was the level of soil moisture, consisted of level of 100% field capacity as control, 75% field capacity, and 50% field capacity. The second factor was the superior varieties of mungbeans, consisted of Vima 2, Vima 3, and Kutilang varieties. The results showed that drought stress up to 50 percent of field capacity had shown a decrease in the character of leaf area and dry weight of plants, but it had not affected the prolin content of mungbean plants. Keywords: Mungbean, drought stress, variety, biochemistry, physiology

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Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2020-0067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 706-714

Author(s):

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽

Bilal Javed ◽

Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽

Mubashir Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Selenium Nanoparticles ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

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Evaluation of a Substrate-applied Humectant to Mitigate Drought Stress in Young, Container-grown Plants

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-33.3.137 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Bruce R. Roberts ◽

Chris Wolverton ◽

Samantha West

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root:Shoot Ratio ◽

Xylem Water Potential ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Soilless Substrate ◽

Absorbing Roots

The efficacy of treating soilless substrate with a commercial humectant was tested as a means of suppressing drought stress in 4-week-old container-grown Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Thumbelina’. The humectant was applied as a substrate amendment at concentrations of 0.0, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2% by volume prior to withholding irrigation. An untreated, well-watered control was also included. The substrate of treated plants was allowed to dry until the foliage wilted, at which time the plants were harvested and the following measurements taken: number of days to wilt (DTW), xylem water potential (ψx), shoot growth (shoot dry weight, leaf area) and root growth (length, diameter, surface area, volume, dry weight). For drought-stressed plants grown in humectant-treated substrate at concentrations of 1.6 and 3.2%, DTW increased 25 and 33%, respectively. A linear decrease in ψx was observed as the concentration of humectant increased from 0.0 to 3.2%. Linear trends were also noted for both volumetric moisture content (positive) and evapotranspiration (negative) as the concentration of humectant increased. For non-irrigated, untreated plants, stress inhibited shoot growth more than root growth, resulting in a lower root:shoot ratio. For non-irrigated, humectant-treated plants, the length of fine, water-absorbing roots increased linearly as humectant concentration increased from 0.0 to 3.2%. Using humectant-amended substrates may be a management option for mitigating the symptoms of drought stress during the production of container-grown bedding plants such as Z. elegans.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF THREE ECOTYPES OF CAROB (CERATONIA SILIQUA L.) AGAINST DROUGHT STRESS IN ALGERIA

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1702_19291945 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1929-1945

Author(s):

A GADOUM ◽

A ADDA ◽

M SAHNOUNE ◽

F AID

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Ceratonia Siliqua ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202008000100004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

José Beltrano ◽

Marta G. Ronco

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Relative Water ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants ◽

Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

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