scholarly journals Allelopathic Activity of the Hydrolate and Water Decoction of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Plant Parts on the Germination of Four Tropical Leguminous Species

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Cristiane Ribeiro ◽  
Mário Geraldo de Carvalho ◽  
Higino Marcos Lopes ◽  
Roberto Oscar Pereyra Rossiello ◽  
Élio Barbieri Junior
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Desmodium Ovalifolium ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Sensitivity Standard ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions

Knowledge of allelopathic interactions between grasses and legumes can contribute for the successful establishment of mixed tropical pastures in Brazil. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the hydrolate and water decoction of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) plant parts (root, shoot, and seeds) on four tropical forage legumes Stylosanthes spp. cv. Campo Grande, Macrotyloma axillare, Calopogonium mucunoides, Desmodium ovalifolium, and on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), this last species used as a sensitivity standard in allelopathic bioassays. The results obtained for roots and shoots showed, in the case of hydrolate, the highest inhibitory effect on germination rates of the receiving species, while seed hydrolates had a stimulating effect depending on the legume species. In contrast, water decoction extracts had the highest inhibitory effects on root and seed fraction, and the lowest on the shoot fraction. Regarding the receiving species, germination percentages of M. axillare showed higher tolerance to inhibitory effects of the aqueous extracts of B. humidicola, while D. ovalifolium showed the highest sensitivity.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Papaver Somniferum L. on Seed Germination Against Three Different Varities of Zea Mays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntaha Tul Sidra ◽  
SAYEDA SARAH MUBARAK ◽  
FATIMA KHAN SHERWANI ◽  
NAZMA AZEEM
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Abstract Aims To evaluate the allelopathic effect of Papaver somniferum against the 3 varieties of Zea mays seeds cv. Azam, Pahari and Iqbal. Methods Aqueous extracts were made by soaking the powder of dried leaves of Papaver somniferum. For the aqueous extract treatment, the extract was soaked in distilled water for 24 and 48 hours separately. For mulching treatment, the seeds were sowed in soil and sprinkled powder of leaves. For litter, the petri dishes were grounded with randomly cut pieces of filter paper wetted with extract. For hot water treatment the water was boiled for 5 minutes. The powder was then mixed in boil water. Results Azam got effected in 24h extract in aqueous extract treatment while Pahari in 48h treatment. In mulching all the three varieties got inhibited by extract. Azam showed resistance toward the inhibitory effect of extract in litter experiments. Iqbal was affected in hot water extract. Conclusion It is concluded that the extracts obtained from Papaver somniferum showed inhibitory effects on all the three varieties except few exceptions of maize. The plumule and radical growth got affected the most.

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF EUCALYPTUS TERETICORNIS CLONES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ZEA MAYS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. TRIPATHI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Plant Parts

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of various concentrations of an aqueous extract of Eucalyptus tereticornis clones (C3, C6, C7 and C10) plant parts viz., leaves, twigs and roots on Zea mays (maize) seeds. Different plant part extracts of E. tereticornis clones were used to run the experiment under laboratory condition. The aqueous extracts of leaf showed significant inhibitory effect on germination, root and shoot elongation of Zea mays. The inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts and the higher concentration (15%) had the strongest inhibitory effect. In plant part leaf extract had more inhibitory effect compared to twig and root extract. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that, Eucalyptus seems to be a potential threat to the cereals industry under small-scale farming condition. Therefore, it could be recommended that different remedial practices (like removal of excess leaf litters) should be done before sowing maize, in land previously planted with Eucalyptus in order to reduce the potential risks.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Medicinal Plants: Costus speciosus Koen ex. Retz and Justicia adhatoda Linn

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Swasti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Costus Speciosus ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda ◽  
Germination And Growth

The study was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of rhizome and leaves of Costus speciosus Koen ex. Retz and Justicia adhatoda Linn. respectively on germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) and pea (Pisum sativum Linn.). Effect was assessed by recording their effects on germination and percentage growth of root and hypocotyle of test plants. However, the extent of inhibitory and stimulatory effect of extracts varied with the plant species. The extract reduced the germination of the test seeds. However, root and hypocotyle elongations of wheat and pea seedlings were significantly inhibited by the extract of studied plant parts, with the percentage of inhibition increased as the concentration of the extract increased. The observed allelopathic activity of the extract of both medicinal plants on the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and pea was attributed to the presence of the allelopathic phytochemicals in medicinal plants. The results showed that Justicia adhatoda Linn. had strong inhibitory effect on germination as well as root and hypocotyls growth of test seeds. Phytochemical screening of both medicinal plants was also carried out by using standard methods. The extract contained alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in different proportions; with more of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 57-65

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF SIAM WEED DEBRIS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF THREE TEST CROP SPECIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Begum ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam ◽  
Farhana Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Agriculture Management

Allelopathy is important for agricultural practices as has gained attention in sustainable agriculture management. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L. King and Robinson) debris on the germination and seedling growth of rice, mustard and groundnut at four concentrations of weed debris (e.g., 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g dry weight per 100 g soil). The weed debris at different concentrations reduced the seed germination, plant height, leaf numbers, leaf area and seedling dry weight of the test crop species. The inhibitory effects of the test crop were positively related to the concentration of siam weed debris in soil. On the basis of average percent inhibition (API), mustard (24.47%) was mostly affected by the siam weed debris followed by groundnut (20.10%) and rice (17.10%). From the results of the study, it is observed that weed debris of siam weed had inhibitory effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of rice, mustard and groundnut. Therefore, the allelopathic activity of the siam weed may play an important role in the management of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Allelopathic tolerance of pea cultivars to Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.) extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepense extracts on germination and initial growth of six pea (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum, Pisum sativum subsp. arvense) cultivars and to identify tolerant cultivars, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The studied cultivars revealed different levels of susceptibility to allelopathic impact of root and aboveground biomass extracts of S. halepense. Root growth parameters (length and weight) of the pea cultivars exhibited greater susceptibility to weed extracts than stem parameters. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on germ length of P. sativum ranged from 1.4% (cultivar Mir) to 45.0% (Kamerton), on germ weight - from 3.5% (Pleven 4) to 42.9% (K-80), and on seed germination - from 11.8% (Mir) to 31.3% (K-80). Total inhibitory effect, i.e. the impact of S. halepense extracts on all studied parameters of P. sativum, revealed that the cultivars Mir and Pleven 4 were the most tolerant. Growing such cultivars may reduce weed damage. Low tolerance was manifested by the cultivar K-80, while Modus, Glyans and Kamerton ranked intermediate. The cultivars with large-size seeds or lower grain protein content were more affected by the depressing effect of S. halepense extracts.

In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Rand ◽  
Peter L Gross ◽  
Donna M Jakowec ◽  
Marian A Packham ◽  
J Fraser Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

Inhibition of ADP-Induced Responses in Human Platelets by Agents Elevating the Cyclic AMP Level: Comparison of Aggregation and Shape Change

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vider M Steen ◽  
Holm Holmsen
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Sequential Relationship

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of cAMP-elevating agents on shape change and aggregation in human platelets was studied to improve the understanding of the sequential relationship between these two responses.Human platelet-rich plasma was preincubated for 2 min at 37° C with prostaglandin E1 or adenosine, agents known to elevate the intracellular level of cAMP. Their inhibitory effects on ADP-induced shape change and aggregation were determined both separately and simultaneously. The dose-inhibition patterns for shape change and aggregation were similar for both PGE1 and adenosine. There was no distinct difference between the inhibitory action of these two inhibitors.These observations suggest that elevation of the intracellular concentration of cAMP interferes with an early step in the stimulus-response coupling that is common for aggregation and shape change.

The Inhibitory Effect of Heparin and Related Glycosaminoglycans on Neutrophil Chemotaxis

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Matzner ◽  
Gerard Marx ◽  
Ruth Drexler ◽  
Amiram Eldor
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemotactic Factor ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotaxis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chemotactic Factors

SummaryClinical observations have shown that heparin has antiinflammatory activities. The effect of heparin on neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated in vitro in the Boyden Chamber. This method enabled differentiation between the direct effects of heparin on neutrophil migration and locomotion, and its effects on chemotactic factors. Heparin inhibited both the random migration and directed locomotion of human neutrophils toward zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and F-met-leu-phe (FMLP). Inhibition was found to be dependent on the concentrations of the heparin and of the chemotactic factors. No specific binding of heparin to the neutrophils could be demonstrated, and heparin’s inhibitory effects were eliminated by simple washing of the cells. When added directly to the chamber containing chemotactic factor, heparin inhibited the chemotactic activity of ZAS but not that of FMLP, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect against C5a, the principal chemotactic factor in ZAS.Experiments performed with low-molecular-weight heparin, N-desulfated heparin, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and dextran indicated that the inhibitory effects of heparin on neutrophil chemotaxis are not related to its anticoagulant activity, but probably depend on the degree of sulfation of the heparin molecule.

Inhibition of Yeast Growth by Tryptamine and Recovery with Tryptophan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Kadkol ◽  
Ian Macreadie
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Fermentative Growth ◽  
Biogenic Monoamine

Background: Tryptamine, a biogenic monoamine that is present in trace levels in the mammalian central nervous system, has probable roles as a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator and may be associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the ways tryptamine may affect the body is by the competitive inhibition of the attachment of tryptophan to tryptophanyl tRNA synthetases. Methods: This study has explored the effects of tryptamine on growth of six yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. lusitaniae) in media with glucose or ethanol as the carbon source, as well as recovery of growth inhibition by the addition of tryptophan. Results: Tryptamine was found to have an inhibitory effect on respiratory growth of all yeast species when grown with ethanol as the carbon source. Tryptamine also inhibited fermentative growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. krusei and C. tropicalis with glucose as the carbon source. In most cases the inhibitory effects were reduced by added tryptophan. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are consistent with tryptamine competing with tryptophan to bind mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tryptophanyl tRNA synthetases in yeast: effects on mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis can be studied as a function of growth with glucose or ethanol as a carbon source. Of the yeast species tested, there is variation in the sensitivity to tryptamine and the rescue by tryptophan. The current study suggests appropriate yeast strains and approaches for further studies.

Molecular Mechanisms of the Inhibitory Effects of Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine, and Ropivacaine on Sarcolemmal Adenosine Triphosphate–sensitive Potassium Channels in the Cardiovascular System

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kawano ◽  
Shuzo Oshita ◽  
Akira Takahashi ◽  
Yasuo Tsutsumi ◽  
Yoshinobu Tomiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Katp Channels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Sulfonylurea Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

Background Sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the cardiovascular system may be involved in bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity. The authors investigated the effects of local anesthetics on the activity of reconstituted KATP channels encoded by inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.0) and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits. Methods The authors used an inside-out patch clamp configuration to investigate the effects of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine on the activity of reconstituted KATP channels expressed in COS-7 cells and containing wild-type, mutant, or chimeric SURs. Results Bupivacaine inhibited the activities of cardiac KATP channels (IC50 = 52 microm) stereoselectively (levobupivacaine, IC50 = 168 microm; ropivacaine, IC50 = 249 microm). Local anesthetics also inhibited the activities of channels formed by the truncated isoform of Kir6.2 (Kir6.2 delta C36) stereoselectively. Mutations in the cytosolic end of the second transmembrane domain of Kir6.2 markedly decreased both the local anesthetics' affinity and stereoselectivity. The local anesthetics blocked cardiac KATP channels with approximately eightfold higher potency than vascular KATP channels; the potency depended on the SUR subtype. The 42 amino acid residues at the C-terminal tail of SUR2A, but not SUR1 or SUR2B, enhanced the inhibitory effect of bupivacaine on the Kir6.0 subunit. Conclusions Inhibitory effects of local anesthetics on KATP channels in the cardiovascular system are (1) stereoselective: bupivacaine was more potent than levobupivacaine and ropivacaine; and (2) tissue specific: local anesthetics blocked cardiac KATP channels more potently than vascular KATP channels, via the intracellular pore mouth of the Kir6.0 subunit and the 42 amino acids at the C-terminal tail of the SUR2A subunit, respectively.

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