Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Women Filmmakers ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Brazilian Film ◽  
Studio Era ◽  
International Success

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of women in the Brazilian film industry during the twentieth century. Brazilian women have been channeling their visions of politics and society through cinema throughout the twentieth century. From the beginnings of sound cinema to the close of the studio era, pioneer Brazilian women filmmakers sought out their own opportunities from within the structures of the film industry. They often began as actresses who learned the craft of filmmaking and influenced a film's production while on set. Others relied on their personal finances to produce their own films, referred to as cavação—a staple of production practices in Brazil during the early twentieth century. However, it was on the heels of the international success of Cinema Novo that women began gaining a more solid foothold in filmmaking in Brazil.

Brazilian Women’s Filmmaking and the State during the 1970s and 1980s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Women Filmmakers ◽  
Film Festivals ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Auteur Cinema ◽  
Brazilian Film ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines the role of the Brazilian state in women's filmmaking. In 1969, the Empresa Brasileiro de Filmes (Embrafilme) came into being during the most repressive years of the military regime. Originally created to promote and distribute Brazilian films abroad, Embrafilme was charged to oversee commercial and noncommercial film activities such as film festivals, the publication of film journals, and training of technicians. By the early 1980s, Embrafilme had become a vital source for independent, auteur cinema in Brazil and helped secure—but not sustain—women's place in the Brazilian film industry. Once the government took on a more supportive role in the film industry, contemporary women filmmakers began participating in filmmaking; however, women filmmakers in Brazil have conflicting opinions about the state-led agency and its role in supporting their careers as directors.

Introduction: Modernism and Affect

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Affect Theory

This introductory chapter discusses the role of affect, emotion, and sentiment in modernism and modernist literary criticism. Challenging the assumption that modernism represents a flight from feeling, the chapter suggests that modernist affect should be recognised as various and complex. The introduction traces the origins and key insights of theory’s “affective turn” at the end of the twentieth century, discussing the relationships between affect theory and poststructuralism and the distinctions between “affect” and “emotion.” While emphasising the diversity of contemporary theories of affect, materiality, and embodiment, the introduction outlines the distinctions between the two most significant strands of affect theory – Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s queer revival of Silvan S. Tomkins’s psychobiology and Brian Massumi’s Deleuzian reading of Spinoza and Bergson.

The Great Text in Our Economy Today

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

This chapter explores the origins of the organizational impulse that animated the American acting community in the early twentieth century. It begins by examining the transformation of the theatrical economy that was brought about by the rise of the theater trusts at the end of the nineteenth century. It goes on to consider production practices in the metropolitan theater industry, highlighting the growing emphasis on rationalization and standardization and exploring how this dual imperative impacted upon the creative process. It also looks at the experience of work in the early twentieth-century theater, documenting conditions on the theatrical shop floor and highlighting the role of race, ethnicity, and gender in determining the degree of opportunity available to individual performers. The chapter argues that while actors undoubtedly had grievances against their employers, the theater trusts had actually done a great deal to improve their lot by stabilizing a notoriously volatile employment market. The formation of the Actors' Equity Association in 1913 had less to do with conditions of employment than with a perception on the part of an influential section of the acting community that it had relinquished its accustomed autonomy to a group of employers whom they held responsible for declining standards in the theater.

Hollywood Theology: The Commodification of Religion in Twentieth-Century Films

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Spiritual Perspectives

A motion picture is a product formed by the intricate inter-play of film industry forces and cultural expectations. Hollywood must attract audiences and audiences crave gratification or, perhaps, edification. Movies with religious themes can deal with momentous issues, but take the risk of affronting deeply held beliefs. Problems naturally arise when matters as sensitive and speculative as the activity of the Creator and the role of the created become entertainment marketed to mass audiences. Technicolor scenery, special effects, celebrity actors, spiced-up scripts, and other big-screen production values may seem disrespectful or may divert attention away from serious reflection. Critics of consumer society have pointed to the manipulation, superficiality, and commercialization found in mass media environments and film scholars have evaluated movies with religious topics, but questions remain about cinematic treatments of ultimate meaning. The motion picture industry's customers have a multitude of spiritual perspectives.

Introduction

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Bogdanor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Valuable Role

This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the history of the British constitution in the twentieth century. In the beginning of the twentieth century, doubts started to emerge concerning the function of the uncodified constitution and the role of the sovereign in such a system. In the later part of the century it became accepted that the sovereign could perform a valuable role as mediator, and Queen Victoria had not hesitated in exercising this role. The chapter also discusses the role of other government agencies under an uncodified constitution, including the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the civil service.

Formation of financial literacy in training of informatics teachers on the basis of the 1С:Enterprise system

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M. A. Rodionov ◽  
I. V. Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
State University ◽  
Science And Literature ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Mathematics History ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
The Right

In the submitted study the problem of the formation of financial literacy of students at informatics lessons and relevant training of future informatics teachers is considered. Financial literacy is understood as a set of basic knowledge in the field of finance, banking, insurance, as well as budgeting for personal finances that allow a person to choose the right financial product or service, soberly assess and take risks that may arise during the use of these products, correctly accumulate savings and identify doubtful (fraudulent) investment schemes. The authors conclude that successful development of meaningful lines of the course of financial literacy requires integration of a few school subjects, such as mathematics, history, informatics, social science and literature. The role of modern informatics teacher in the formation of financial literacy of students is great. Therefore, in the training of a future informatics teacher, it should be paid the attention to issues related to the study of elements of financial literacy in informatics lessons. In order to solve the problem, the authors propose to use the special course “Basics of work in 1С:Enterprise”, which is implemented at Penza State University. The article contains a program of the course and the methodological recommendations for its implementation.

From Film Practice to Data Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Digital Film ◽  
Contemporary Britain

From Film Practice to Data Process critically examines the practices of independent digital feature filmmaking in contemporary Britain. The business of conventional feature filmmaking is like no other, in that it assembles a huge company of people from a range of disciplines on a temporary basis, all to engage in the collaborative endeavour of producing a unique, one-off piece of work. The book explicitly interrogates what is happening at the frontiers of contemporary ‘digital film’ production at a key transitional moment in 2012, when both the film industry and film-production practices were situated between the two distinct medium polarities of film and digital. With an in-depth case study of Sally Potter’s 2012 film Ginger & Rosa, drawing upon interviews with international film industry practitioners, From Film Practice to Data Process is an examination of film production in its totality, in a moment of profound change.

cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī & Muhammad Asad: Two Approaches to the English Translation of the Qur'an

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
British India ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
The Times

This article attempts to present a comparative study of the role of two twentieth-century English translations of the Qur'an: cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī's The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ān and Muḥammad Asad's The Message of the Qur'ān. No two men could have been more different in their background, social and political milieu and life experiences than Yūsuf cAlī and Asad. Yūsuf 'Alī was born and raised in British India and had a brilliant but traditional middle-class academic career. Asad traversed a vast cultural and geographical terrain: from a highly-disciplined childhood in Europe to the deserts of Arabia. Both men lived ‘intensely’ and with deep spiritual yearning. At some time in each of their lives they decided to embark upon the translation of the Qur'an. Their efforts have provided us with two incredibly rich monumental works, which both reflect their own unique approaches and the effects of the times and circumstances in which they lived. A comparative study of these two translations can provide rich insights into the exegesis and the phenomenon of human understanding of the divine text.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

الإمام المصلح عبد الحميد بن باديس: حياته وجهوده التربوية Reformer Imam Abdal-hamid ibn Badis: His Life and Educational Reforms

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-152
Author(s):  
باي زكوب عبد العالي ◽  
سوهيرين محمد صوليحين
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Difficult Times

الملخّصيعدّ عبد الحميد بن باديس أحد العلماء الجزائريين المبرزين بالإصلاح الاجتماعي والدّيني والسّياسي والتربوي، عاش خمسين سنة في القرن العشرين الميلادي، حيث كانت ولادته سنة 1889م، وكانت وفاته سنة 1940م، ولقد فرض الواقع الجزائري إبّان فترة الاحتلال الفرنسي الذي كان يسعى إلى طمس ثوابت الأمّة الجزائرية، وخرق تاريخها، وهُويّتها، وثقافتها، ووحدتها الدينيّة، واللّغوية على ابن باديس أن يسلك نهج التربية والتعليم، قاصداً بذلك مواجهة الاحتلال الفرنسي الغاشم من خلال عدّة جبهات ومجالات كمثل مجال الصحافة، ومجال التربية والتعليم، ومجال الجمعيات، ومجال السياسة وغير ذلك، يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز دور عبد الحميد بن باديس في النّهوض بالأمّة الجزائريّة نحو تربيّة أفضل، وحياة أسعد، فيبدأ أوّلاً وبشكل موجز، بالتعرّف على الفترة الصعبة التي عايشها ابن باديس والمتمثلة في فترة الاحتلال الفرنسي الغاشم، وآثاره السلبية على الصعيد السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي والديني الجزائري وقتذاك، ثم يقوم ثانياً بتسليط الضّوء على حياة ابن باديس وتكوينه العلمي ورحلاته الداخلية وأسفاره الخارجية؛ ثم يسعى ثالثاً وبتعمّق، التعرّف على أعمال ابن باديس الاجتماعيّة وجهوده التربويّة التي أخذت حظّاً وافراً من حياته اليومية، والتي تركّزت على منبرين رئيسين، هما: منبر الصّحافة، ومنبر التربيّة والتعليم.الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الإمام عبد الحميد بن باديس، الاحتلال الفرنسي، التربية، الجزائر، الإصلاح.             AbstractImÉm ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs is an Algerian scientist, and eminent social, religious, political and educational reformer. He lived fifty years in the twentieth century. He was born in 1889 and died in 1940, and lived during the French occupation that attempted to distort and undermine the foundations of the Algerian nation by destroying its history, identity, culture, and religious and linguistic unity. Ibn BÉdÊs pursued an educational approach to face the brutal French occupation on several fronts, including journalism, education, civil associations, politics, etc. This paper highlights the role of ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs in the advancement of the Algerian nation toward better education and a happier life. The paper begins with a brief canvas of the difficult times in which Ibn BÉdÊs lived, and the negative effects of the brutal French occupation from political, economic, social, cultural and religious angles, besides highlighting the life of Ibn BÉdÊs, his education and his local and international travels. The focus of this research is an in-depth examination of Ibn BÉdÊs’ social and educational efforts that consumed much of his daily routine: journalism, and education.Keywords: ImÉm ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs, the French Occupation, Education, Algeria, Reform.

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