Segregation, Exclusion, and the Chinese Communities in Georgia, 1880s-1940

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bronstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Exclusion Laws

This chapter examines the impact of various state apparatuses, including exclusion laws, on the little remarked but fascinating Chinese American merchant communities in Atlanta, Augusta, and Savannah, Georgia. Federal Chinese Exclusion laws established a highly selective exemption system designed to prevent most Chinese from entering and reentering the United States. The law explicitly barred the first-time entry of laborers but allowed Chinese to come over as merchants, students, government officials, teachers, and U.S.-born citizens. Since most Chinese in Augusta were in the grocery business, they were allowed to travel under the exempted merchant category and their wives and children as merchant dependents. As such, Augusta's Chinese community grew in size and became one of the largest Chinese communities in the South before 1965.

The Impact of the Nicaragua Case on Matters of Evidence and Fact-Finding

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
PAUL S. REICHLER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Nicaragua case demonstrates the Court's competence in receiving and interpreting evidence, and in making reasoned findings of fact, even in the most complicated evidentiary context, as is often presented in cases involving use of force and armed conflict. The Court applied well-established standards for evaluating the conflicting evidence presented to it. In particular, the Court determined that greater weight should be given to statements against interest made by high-level government officials than to a state's self-serving declarations. The Court also determined that statements by disinterested witnesses with first-hand knowledge should receive greater weight than mere statements of opinion or press reports. In applying these guidelines, the Court found, correctly, that (i) the United States had used military and paramilitary force against Nicaragua both directly and indirectly, by organizing, financing, arming, and training the Contra guerrillas to attack Nicaragua; (ii) the evidence did not support a finding that the United States exercised direct control over the Contras’ day-to-day operations; and (iii) there was no evidence that Nicaragua supplied arms to guerrillas fighting against the government of El Salvador during the relevant period, or carried out an armed attack against that state. While Judge Schwebel's dissent criticized the last of these findings, in fact, the evidence fully supported the Court's conclusion. In subsequent decisions during the past 25 years, the Court has continued to rely on the approach to evidence first elaborated in the Nicaragua case and has continued to demonstrate its competence as a finder of fact, including in cases involving armed conflict (Bosnia Genocide) and complex scientific and technical issues (Pulp Mills).

scholarly journals Venture financing in the era of increasing epidemiological risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Mykhailo DYBA ◽  
◽  
Iuliia GERNEGO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Financing Policies ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Venture Financing ◽  
Venture Funding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study of venture financing development in the era of increasing epidemiological risks is considered within the current situation in society, namely the significant impact of COVID-19 on all sectors of social and economic development. This shows the urgency of a systematic justification of current trends and peculiarities of venture financing development, taking into consideration the COVID-19 situation. The above-mentioned aspects define the purpose of our study. The theoretical basis of our study means the analysis of the specifics and priorities of venture financing, considering the timeframe from venture financing formation to nowadays. Thus, the stages of evolution of views on venture financing are highlighted. The article examines the dynamics of venture financing globally, as well as the change of relevant indicators in Europe, Asia and the United States. In particular, along with the analysis of the total amount of venture financing in each of the considered markets, the volumes of venture financing agreements that were carried out for the first time were estimated. This allowed us to analyze the relevant trends and make conclusions on the priority objects for attracting the resources of venture investors in the era of growth of epidemiological risks, depending on the experience of venture capitalists. The article compares venture funding and the incidence of COVID-19 in some countries in Europe, Asia and the United States. The approaches of European experts to the assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on venture financing are revealed. The analysis of the relevant calculations provides the possibility to structure the priorities of modern venture investors depending on the sectoral distribution of COVID-19 influences. The practical value of the study is considered within a comprehensive analysis of trends in venture financing and assessment of changes in the priorities of venture investors, considering the increasing epidemiological risks. The research may be useful both in the context of developing public venture financing policies and within developing venture financing strategies at the business level.

The Impact of Ngos in Saint-Louis De Gonzague Camp, Haiti

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Sandy Nelzy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Great Step

A long time ago, Haiti was known as beautiful, rich in minerals, and a beacon of freedom, where slaves gained their independence. But now, Haiti is known as "the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere." Born and raised in Haiti, I came to the United States for the first time in 1998, and for five years I kept traveling back and forth until my father decided I would be a United States resident in 2003. I have always wanted to help my country, and I knew that living in the United States would be a great step forward. So when I found out about the ethnographic research organized by Dr. Schuller after the earthquake in Haiti, I knew instantly that I was interested in going. I knew that it would be a great opportunity for me to develop skills that would help resolve Haiti's problems in one way or another. I tried preparing myself emotionally to face the difficulties and the heartaches with which I would deal.

Goodwill Ambassadors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damion Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Political Purpose ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the “challenges, contradictions, and political nature” of African American sports emissaries during the early Cold War era. Recognizing the impact that Soviet declarations of American mistreatment of blacks were having on global public opinion about the United States, government officials planned goodwill trips that provided opportunities for people around the world to meet successful African Americans whose abilities on the playing field and loyalty to the nation represented a positive counterweight to the claims being posited by adversaries of the United States. The chapter devotes special attention to athletes' response to the program, most of whom were initially unaware of the underlying political purpose of their trips. There was an unintended politicizing effect for the athletes, as many used the forum to distance themselves from domestic policies, push for civil rights, and find common cause with subjugated peoples around the world. An increased unwillingness for citizen diplomats to “stay on message” resulted in the programs being scaled back in the late 1960s.

The Supreme Court and the Juvenile Court

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-487
Author(s):  
Noah Weinstein ◽  
Corinne R. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Exact Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time in its 68-year history, the juvenile court has felt the impact of the United States Supreme Court. It would be impossible to predict the exact effect of the decisions, but unquestionably they will be of prime importance in their influ ence on juvenile court procedures.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the U.S. on the American View of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Jan Misiuna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Yellow Peril ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exclusion Act ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Second World

The first Chinese immigrants arrived in the United States in the 1820s and initially their presence did not result in improving the American perception of China. On the contrary – intense immigration from China led to the development of racist and xenophobic attitudes towards the Chinese (Yellow Peril), which culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. During the Second World War, China became an important ally of the United States, which triggered a succession of changes to laws barring Chinese immigration (Magnuson Act). Contemporary Chinese Americans – particularly Taiwanese Americans – can be located in the upper spheres of immigrant population: they are considered to be a well-educated and affluent group. This paper presents the historical and contemporary socio-economic characteristics of the Sino-American population set against a historical and legal background.

U.S. National Commission for UNESCO Conference: Africa and the United States

1961 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Simon ◽  
Phoebe Ottenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Boston University ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come

The Eighth National Conference of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO was held in Boston, October 22-26, 1961 , in cooperation with Boston University. The theme of the conference was “Africa and the United States: Images and Realities.” The conference was attended by over two thousand persons. More than sixty Africans took part, many of whom are prominent in political, educational, or cultural affairs in their home countries. This was probably the largest conference on Africa ever held in the United States, and its participants represented an unusually broad range of interests. Included were educators, journalists, social scientists, technical experts, industrialists, foundation representatives, librarians, artists, writers, government officials, and well-informed layment. The range and scholarliness of the papers presented indicated that there is a growing body of persons in the United States who have had personal contact with African affairs, and also that the United States is beginning to come of age in its understanding of the African continent, not only in the social sciences but in the arts, in the communications field, and in science and technology as well as in other areas.

Legal Regimes and Investor Response to the Auditor’s Going-Concern Opinion

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Kausar ◽  
Richard J. Taffler ◽  
Christine E. L. Tan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Going Concern Opinion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This article examines how legal regime may affect the market’s reaction to the auditor’s going-concern (GC) opinion. We hypothesize that, ceteris paribus, investors in a creditor-friendly bankruptcy regime (the United Kingdom) will react more adversely to a first-time GC opinion indicating increased risk of loss associated with bankruptcy than do investors in a debtor-friendly bankruptcy regime (the United States). Our empirical results are consistent with this expectation. These findings are strengthened by additional analysis of the impact of the recent convergence in bankruptcy regime between the United States and United Kingdom on the market reaction to GC opinions in the United States. Our findings demonstrate a specific situation where the auditing standards and institutional factors interact, with their joint impact affecting the market’s reaction to the GC opinion.

Non-Importation, 1806–1812

1941 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Heaton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The United States ◽  
District Court ◽  
District Attorney ◽  
Woolen Cloth ◽  
Port Of New York ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time

Peter A. Schenck, Surveyor of Customs and Inspector of Revenue for the Port of New York, must have felt slightly exhilarated when he left his office on the evening of December 30, 1807. He had that day wielded for the first time the two-edged sword placed in his hands by Congress for the destruction of British maritime arrogance. Nay more, he had struck at least seven times, by seizing that number of shipments of British goods which had arrived in two vessels ten days before. In a few days Nathan Sanford, the District Attorney, would file seven separate libels in the Federal District Court on behalf of the United States vs. twenty-two bales of woolen cloth, two cases of hats, eight boxes linen cloth, sixteen boxes of linens, one case of woolen hosiery, two cases of plated ware, and two boxes of woolen hosiery. The goods would doubtless be condemned, for Sanford was a clever lawyer and the district judge was not, like the fellow up in Massachusetts, unfriendly to Jeffersonian policies. Later the United States marshal, Peter Curtenius, would have them sold by auction outside the Tontine Coffee House; the court and marshal's costs—totaling about $120 in each case—would be paid, and the balance, where there was any, would be shared equally between the customs staff and the Treasury. If this process could be repeated often enough, John Bull might soon be willing to come to terms.

scholarly journals Implications of Fuel Shortages on Cotton and Grain Sorghum Production and Producer Returns-Southern High Plains of Texas

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
James E. Casey ◽  
Lonnie L. Jones ◽  
Ronald D. Lacewell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time

Shortages of hydrocarbon-based fuels (petroleum and natural gas) for all uses in the United States have caused concern among agricultural leaders and farmers over their ability to obtain fuel for agricultural production purposes in competition with other users. During the 1973 crop year, for the first time in recent years, farmers were faced with the consequent need to make necessary adjustments in production and harvesting practices to utilize the fuel available. Analyses that have appeared since the recent widespread recognition of the energy crisis conclude that this is not a short-run phenomenon. Rather, farmers are likely to find themselves competing with other major users for limited petroleum supplies for some time to come.

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