scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MAIZE SEEDLING TRAITS UNDER SALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Naseem ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Research Experiment

Maize is an important cereal crop lies at third after wheat and rice in Pakistan. It is very sensitive to salt, heat, drought, cold and heavy metal stresses. To evaluate the effects of salt (NaCl) on maize plant we have conducted a research experiment in the Green House of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore. We select hybrid P1429, P5971 and P6103 of Maize to access the effect of different concentrations of NaCl stress included control, 0.25Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.75Molar NaCl, and 1Molar NaCl applications. The pots were filled with pure sand and seeds of each hybrid were sown in each pot and were let to germinate. After 7 days of germination the data was collected for leaf length, root length, shoot length and root/shoot length ratio. The pots were then given the treatment and data of above mentioned traits was recorded, the application of treatments and data recording were repeated 4 times. The data recorded (4 times each after one week) was subjected to pooled analysis of variance to find significant differences among hybrids and treatments. The result of our study showed that there were significant correlation among root length, shoot length and leaf length of seedlings, from average performance of hybrid P6103 was better as compared with other two hybrids under higher salt stress conditions. It was suggested from our study that the hybrid P6103 may be used as salt tolerance hybrids for improving grain and fodder yield of maize under salt stress condition.

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes under Salt Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Asfiqur Rahman Plabon ◽  
M. E. Hoque ◽  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Fahima Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.

scholarly journals GENETIC ASSOCIATION AMONG MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF ZEA MAYS SEEDLINGS UNDER SALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nawaz ◽  
A Haseeb ◽  
HA Malik ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Zea mays is an important cereal crop which has been used by human from last thousands of years as grain crop. It is very sensitive for drought, heat, cold, salinity and heavy metals toxicity. For evaluating corn for salt stress we have conducted an experiment in the greenhouse of IMBB, University of the Lahore. Four maize genotypes were selected for our research work, viz., B-316, EV-1097Q, Raka-poshi and Sahiwal-2002 under the treatments of salt were kept as following: control, 0.2Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.7Molar NaCl and 1Molar NaCl. The selection of genotypes for high shoot and root length under treatments 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.7Molar NaCl may be fruitful for the improvement of crop production and productivity. It was found from results that the B-316 performed better under all stress treatments for seedling traits as compared with EV-1097Q and Sahiwal-2020 maize genotypes. The results showed that higher genetic advance and heritability was recorded for both root length and shoot length. The significant and positive correlation was recorded among root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. The regression analysis showed that the higher contribution for shoot length was found for root length. It was concluded from our study that the selection of maize genotypes may be fruitful on the basis of root length and shoot length to improve grain yield under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals Diversity in growth and expression pattern of PoHKT1 and PoVHA transporter genes under NaCl stress in Portulaca oleracea taxa

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
R. El-Bakatoushi ◽  
A. Elframawy
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Plant growth and the expression of two transporter genes; PoHKT1 and PoVHA transcripts in root and shoot tissues were studied under salt stress of three Portulaca oleracea s.l. taxa. The study showed no significant differences in ratios between root lengths in saline and non-saline treatments of the three taxa, which was correlated with a clear down-regulation of the PoHKT1 transcripts in the root after 150mM NaCl. All measured growth parameters except root length increased in P. oleraceae, decreased in P. granulatostellulata and remain unchanged after 100mM NaCl in P. nitida compared to control under saline conditions. The result was consistent with the type of taxon which had significant effect on the shoot length, number of leaves and dry weight (P< 0.05). All measured growth parameters except root length showed a significant negative correlation with the shoot fold change of PoHKT1 transcripts (r = -0.607, -0.693 and -0.657 respectively). The regulation of PoVHA in root and shoot tissues in the three taxa are significantly different. Under salt stress, both decreased uptake of Na+ into the cytosol by decreasing the expression of PoHKT1 and increased vascular compartmentalization ability of Na+ by inducing the expression of PoVHA seem to work more efficiently in P. oleraceae and P. nitida than in P. granulato-stellulata.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Changes in Winter and Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Amir M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Improvement Programs

Salinity is a leading threat to crop growth throughout the world. Salt stress induces altered physiological processes and several inhibitory effects on the growth of cereals, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we determined the effects of salinity on five spring and five winter wheat genotypes seedlings. We evaluated the salt stress on root and shoot growth attributes, i.e., root length (RL), shoot length (SL), the relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), and shoot length (RGR-SL). The ionic content of the leaves was also measured. Physiological traits were also assessed, including stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and light-adapted leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, i.e., the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv′/Fm′) and instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft). Physiological and growth performance under salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mol/L) were explored at the seedling stage. The analysis showed that spring wheat accumulated low Na+ and high K+ in leaf blades compared with winter wheat. Among the genotypes, Sakha 8, S-24, W4909, and W4910 performed better and had improved physiological attributes (gs, Fv′/Fm′, and Ft) and seedling growth traits (RL, SL, RGR-SL, and RGR-RL), which were strongly linked with proper Na+ and K+ discrimination in leaves and the CCI in leaves. The identified genotypes could represent valuable resources for genetic improvement programs to provide a greater understanding of plant tolerance to salt stress.

Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

scholarly journals Growth Effects of Uniconazole, Gibberellin, and Calcium on Salt Injuries of Hibiscus syriacus and H. hamabo seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 899D-899
Author(s):  
Moo R. Huh ◽  
Beyoung H. Kwack ◽  
Leonard P. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Shoot length, leaf length and width, root length, and crown diameter were affected by 0.0-, 0.5-, 1.0-, and 5.0-mg·liter–1 uniconazole drench and 25- or 50-mg·liter–1 GA3 spray but not significantly by 0.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% NaCl. Leaf width of H. syriacus Sieb. & Zucc. was not affected and that of H. syriacus L. significantly decreased, as NaCl concentration increased. Effect of NaCl on H. syriacus leaf width was offset by treatment with uniconazole but not by GA3 treatment. With 2.5% NaCl, dry weight of H. hamabo treated with uniconazole or GA3 increased and that of treated H. syriacus decreased. With 5.0% NaCl, dry weight of both species decreased with uniconazole or GA3. Calcium at 13.35 or 133.5 mM decreased the reduction of dry weight by NaCl treatment. The dry: fresh weight ratio of H. hamabo and H. syriacus treated with NaCl plus uniconazole was higher than that only treated with NaCl. GA3 treatment with NaCl did not affect the dry: fresh weight ratio for either species

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SALICYLIC ACID PRIMING FOR SALT STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Ghafoor ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

The present research experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore for determining the possible involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in seed priming and affects on the seedling growth and development under NaCl treatments in wheat variety ANAJ-2017, Shafaq-2006 and Galaxy-2013. The data was collected for various seedling traits and statistically analyzed, which revealed the significance of results for treatments, salt applications, genotypes and the interactions between salt treatments and genotypes. The lower coefficient of variation was recorded for all studied traits which revealed that there was consistency among the results for salicylic acid applications and salt or NaCl treatments. It was concluded from our study that the application of salicylic acid (SA) under salt (NaCl) stress conditions helps wheat seedlings to withstand and compete with stressful conditions. The study revealed that the seed priming with salicylic acid helps to improve root length, shoot length, seedling moisture percentage and fresh seedling weights. The application of NaCl caused to increase the root length, number of roots and shoot length of wheat while salicylic acid (SA) was applied in foliar spray. The use of water priming shows medium effects for the seedling growth of wheat under salt stress environmental conditions. The wheat variety Galaxy-2013 has shown good performance for most of the studied traits of seedlings under salt stress conditions. It was suggested from our study that the variety Galaxy-2013 may be used under salt stress conditions or salt affected soils to improve grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Bacillus Pumilus Induced Tolerance of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Against Cadmium (Cd) Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Shahzad ◽  
Mahmood Elahie ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Tasmia Bashir ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants

Abstract Purpose: Heavy metals contaminate the soil that alters the properties of soil and negatively affect plants growth. Using microorganism and plant can remove these pollutants from soil. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the induced effect of Bacillus pumilus on maize plant in Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Methods: Three different concentrations of Cd (i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg kg-1) were applied in soil under which maize plants were grown. The germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, root length,fresh weight and nutrient uptake by maize plant were determined. The experiment was conducted by using complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Results: The result indicated that germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75mg kg-1 of CdSO4concentration but when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO4. Moreover, the plant protein were significantly increased by 60% in T6 (0.25 mg kg-1 of CdSO4+inoculated seed) and Peroxidase dismutase (POD) was also significantly higher by 346% in T6 (0.25 mg kg-1 of CdSO4+inoculated seed), however, the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T5 (0.75 mg kg-1 of CdSO4+ uninoculated seed) and was 769% higher as compared to control. The Cd contents in Bacillus pumilus inoculated maize roots and shoots were decreased. Conclusion: The present investigations indicated that the inoculation of maize plant with Bacillus pumilus can help maize plants to withstand Cd stress but higher concentration of Cd can harm the plant. The Bacillus pumilus has good potential to remediate Cd from soil, and also have potential to reduce the phytoavailibility and toxicity of Cd.

scholarly journals ACCESSING POTENTIAL OF SEEDLING TRAITS FOR SCREENING OF WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Drought Conditions

Drought stress causes considerable decrease in wheat yield especially in developing countries like Pakistan. In current study, seedling traits i.e., root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root to shoot (length) ratio were selected to find their effectiveness in evaluating drought tolerance of wheat genotypes. It was found that different genotypes showed different response under normal and drought conditions as mean squares for genotypes were significant. When plant is exposed to stress, it tries to overcome the stress by adopting different strategies like extending root system to reach the deep soil water. Increase in stress causes reduction in both root and shoot length. Genotypes named Faisalabad-08, Sehar-06, 9633, 9507 and lasani-08 showed maximum and high root length under normal conditions but their root length decreased drastically when exposed to drought environment. Because of their behavior they are tagged as drought susceptible genotypes. Genotypes Chakwal-86, Ass-11, Manthar-2003, Miraj 2008, Chakwal-50, 9488, 9805, 9859, 9512 and 9637 showed high values for root length under drought condition and while comparing their performance under both the environments i.e., normal and drought, their root length decreased non-significantly. So these genotypes are tagged as drought tolerant genotypes.

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlation and regression of hydroponics maize fodder as influenced by seed rate, nutrient sources and spray schedule

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Santosh Nagappa Ningoji ◽  
Thimmegowda M N
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

The experiments were carried out at AICRP on Dry Land Agriculture, University of Agricultural Science, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the “Phenotypic correlation and regression of hydroponics maize fodder as influenced by seed rate, nutrient sources and spray schedule” during 2017-2018. The results of revealed significantly positive correlation between fodder yield per kg seed and yield parameter like total fresh weight of fodder per kg seed (r=0.95**), total dry weight per kg of seed (r=0.86*), growth parameters like shoot length (r= 0.90**), root length (r=0.85*) and seedling vigour (r=0.84*), physiological parameters like water use efficiency (r=0.86*), relative water content (r=0.91*) and SPAD (r=0.92**). With respect to nutrition study correlation coefficients of traits with fodder yield revealed positive correlation growth components like shoot length (r=0.90**), root length (r=0.74**), seedling vigour (r=0.86**) and dry matter accumulation (0.97**), yield parameters like Total fresh weight of fodder (r=0.96**), individual fresh weight of plant (r=0.95**) and individual dry weight of plant (r=0.97**), physiological parameters like SPAD (r=0.78**) and WUE (r=1.00**), quality parameters like nitrogen content, crude protein, crude fibre and total carbohydrates (r=0.927**, 0.927**, 0.770* and 0.905**, respectively). The study revealed significantly higher fodder yield with two combined sprays of urea and MOP each @ 1 per cent at 3rd and 10th Days after sowing (DAS) with 2.5 kg m-2 under hydroponic conditions.

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