scholarly journals The Role of Ducks (Muscovy) and Catfish (Clarias Lazera) Meat in Transmitting Trichinella Spiralis Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-601
Author(s):  
Nermeen Makram Louis Malak ◽  
Shimaa Abdel-Radi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
High Doses

Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonotic food-borne disease that causes public health problems. The present study investigated the role of domestic ducks (Muscovy) and catfish (Clarias lazera) in transmitting Trichinella spiralis infection in Egypt. Ducks, fish, and rats were inoculated by high doses of Trichinella spiralis (T. Spiralis) larvae in naturally infected muscles of pigs and by free larvae extracted from artificial digestion. Both methods failed to develop an infection in ducks. No worms or cysts could be detected in ducks slaughtered 10, 25, and 45 days after inoculation. Moreover, there was no significant increase in the mean ELISA optical density (OD) value, compared to the control non-inoculated ducks. Inoculation of fish resulted in a significant increase in the mean ELISA OD value, compared to the control non-inoculated fish. This elevation was associated with the temporary detection of a few adult worms in the intestine of these fish which decreased with time till disappeared 45 days after inoculation but a non-significant increase was observed, compared to that obtained in the inoculated rats at the same stages. A large number of T. spiralis adult worms and cysts associated with a significant increase in the mean ELISA OD were recorded in the inoculated rats. Infection of rats (xenodiagnosis) by muscles collected from the inoculated ducks or fish failed to induce infection or elevation in the level of anti-T. spiralis antibodies (ATs-Ab) in their sera. In conclusion, Muscovy ducks and Clarias lazera could not be infected by T. spiralis in their muscles and the consumption of their meat could not transmit this infection to consumers in Egypt. However, proper cooking of meat is still necessary to avoid infection with other species.

Role of variability in design, implementation, and interpretation of microbial inactivation studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
J.S. Rosen ◽  
I. Najm ◽  
J. Sobrinho ◽  
S. Via
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Uncertainty Factor ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Time Table ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Existing Data

In developing a Ct (concentration × time) table for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium with ozone it has been necessary to incorporate an uncertainty factor that can be applied to calculated Ct values to take account of the significant variability in inactivation results. This paper presents an approach for partitioning the overall variability into two types. That due to analytical and experimental error is shown to clearly outweigh that due to differences in water matrices and oocyst resistance to disinfectant. The results support the use of confidence intervals calculated about the mean inactivation coefficients calculated with existing data, leading to the operation of ozonation with sufficient safety factors to protect public health.

BACILLUS CEREUS: FOOD POISONING ORGANISM. A REVIEW

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Goepfert ◽  
W. M. Spira ◽  
H. U. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Potential Public Health

This paper is devoted to a review of information pertinent to the role of Bacillus cereus as a food-borne pathogen. Primary emphasis is on the properties of B. cereus and published accounts of its involvement in animal and human disease. Methods for isolation, identification, and enumeration are discussed. Research needs pertaining to (a) recognition of the potential public health hazard and (b) further investigation of the food poisoning syndrome are presented.

Shigella as a Food borne Pathogen

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Public Health Data ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks

Shigellosis is classically thought of as a waterborne disease; however, public health data suggest that foodborne outbreaks are a significant, if not the major cause of the disease in the United States. The role of Shigella as a foodborne pathogen is reviewed, including discussions of taxonomy, epidemiology, virulence factors, growth and survival in foods and model systems, and methods for detection/identification in food products.

scholarly journals Research Note. Trichinella spiralis parasitizing Puma concolor: first record in wildlife in Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Landaeta-Aqueveque ◽  
S. Krivokapich ◽  
G. M. Gatti ◽  
C. Gonzalez Prous ◽  
V. Rivera-Bückle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genotypic Identification

Summary The genus Trichinella is widespread in all continents but Antarctica. The only way to identify the species/genotypes is through molecular analyses. In Chile, only one study has reported Trichinella larvae in a cougar, but the species of Trichinella was not identified. In this work, the finding of Trichinella larvae in a cougar, together with their genotypic identification, is the first documentation of such in Chile. The cougar was found run over by a vehicle in the Biobío Region. Larvae were isolated following artificial digestion of the diaphragm and analyzed by means of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A PCR product of 173 base pairs allowed for the classification of the larvae as T. spiralis. It is the first record of the species in Chilean wildlife. This finding in Chile is interesting in terms of human health, suggesting a possible role of the cougar as a reservoir for this parasite.

Resveratrol reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I. Elgendy ◽  
A.A. Othman ◽  
M.A. Hasby Saad ◽  
N.A. Soliman ◽  
S.E. Mwafy
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne zoonotic infection of cosmopolitan distribution. Currently, treatment for trichinellosis is far from ideal. Given the important role of oxidative stress and immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of trichinellosis, this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) during the intestinal and muscular phases of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. The oral administration of RSV at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily for two weeks resulted in significant reductions in both adult and larval counts; significant improvements in the redox status of the small intestine and muscles; a significant reduction in interleukin 4, pentraxin 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression; and the mitigation of intestinal and muscular inflammation. In conclusion, this study identifies RSV as a promising agent for the treatment of experimental trichinellosis, and more studies in experimental animals and humans are worth consideration.

scholarly journals Listeriosis in Spain based on hospitalisation records, 1997 to 2015: need for greater awareness

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida Herrador ◽  
Alin Gherasim ◽  
Rogelio López-Vélez ◽  
Agustín Benito
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Food Safety Education ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean

Introduction Listeriosis is a food-borne disease of public health importance that has recently been involved in prolonged outbreaks. Despite its relevance, listeriosis is under-reported in many European countries. Aim We aimed to describe listeriosis epidemiology in Spain from 1997–2015. Methods We performed a retrospective study using the Spanish hospitalisation database. We calculated the mean number of hospitalisations per year and region. Pregnancy and neonatal-related listeriosis rates were computed. Relation between death and the presence of underlying health conditions was explored. Results Between 1997–2015, 5,696 listeriosis hospitalisations occurred, showing a constantly increasing trend. Higher hospitalisation rates were located in the north of the country compared to southern regions. The age group ≥ 65 years old was the most represented (50%). Pregnant women and newborns accounted for 7% and 4% of hospitalisations, respectively. An underlying immunocompromising condition was present in 56.4% of patients: cancer (22.8%), diabetes mellitus (16.6%) and chronic liver disease (13.1%). Death occurred in 17% of patients, more frequently among those ≥ 65 years old (67.5%), with sepsis (39.9%) or with meningoencephalitis (19.2%). Conclusion Listeriosis is an emergent public health problem in Spain that calls for targeted action. Further prevention strategies are urgently needed, including food safety education and messaging for all at-risk groups.

scholarly journals Trichinella in Wildlife in Chile With the First Record in Leopardus Guigna and Galictis Cuja

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Maritza Echeverry ◽  
AnaLía Henríquez ◽  
Daniel González-Acuña ◽  
Carolina Silva-de la Fuente ◽  
René Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Leopardus Guigna

Abstract Background: Trichinellosis is a worldwide distributed disease caused by Trichinella species and also considered neglected and emerging. Trichinella spp. are transmitted by predation or carrion consumption and present a domestic and a sylvatic cycle. Human trichinellosis occurs due to the consumption of raw or poorly cooked infected meat, mainly associated with the household slaughter of pigs without veterinary inspection, a cultural practice that is difficult to resolve. Therefore, the knowledge of the reservoir of this parasite is relevant. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Trichinella sp. in several carnivore and omnivore vertebrates in Central-Southern Chile. A total of 61 animals, either found run over or that died in rescue/rehabilitation centers, encompassing 15 species, were examined by artificial digestion for detection of Trichinella larvae, and larvae were molecularly analyzed to identify the species. Results: Trichinella larvae were found in a Leopardus guigna and a Galictis cuja. Only those of L. guigna could be identified as Trichinella spiralis. Conclusions: This is the first record of Trichinella in a native mustelid of South America and the first record of T. spiralis in L. guigna. These results increase the number of hosts, enhancing the need to identify the role of these animals in the reservoir for humans, and highlighting the priority that the study of the rural-sylvatic interphase represents.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable availability among ten European countries:how does it compare with the ‘five-a-day’ recommendation?

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Androniki Naska ◽  
Vassilis G. S. Vasdekis ◽  
Antonia Trichopoulou ◽  
Sharon Friel ◽  
Ingrid U. Leonhäuser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
European Populations

Recasting the role of fruit and vegetables (F&V) in the diet, and planning national and international campaigns to enhance their consumption are major public health service objectives. The present study seeks to describe F&V availability patterns in ten European countries and examine compliance with current recommendations. The mean and median F&V availability (g/person per d) was estimated based on household budget survey data retrieved from the Data Food Networking (DAFNE) databank. Low F&V consumers were identified based on WHO international recommendations (minimum combined F&V intake of about 400 g/person per d) and current conservative guidelines of a minimum daily intake of three portions of vegetables and two portions of fruit. Considerable disparities in F&V availability were found among the surveyed European populations. Only in Mediterranean countries did the mean daily population intake clearly exceed combined F&V recommendations. Dietary patterns were positively skewed in all populations studied, on account of the presence of exceptionally high values among segments of the populations. Moreover, the correlation was unexpectedly weak between the proportion of low fruit and low vegetable consumers (Spearman's correlation coefficient +0·18). More than 50 % of the households in the surveyed populations are likely to consume less than the recommended daily vegetable intake of three portions, and this applies even to the two Mediterranean populations. The efficiency of F&V promoting strategies may be enhanced if F&V are addressed separately; furthermore, interventions that would specifically focus on vegetables are probably needed.

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