scholarly journals A Pedagogy for Integrating a Value Congruence and Ethics Connection into Course Work: The Nine Dots Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Education ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Value Congruence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Instructional Model ◽  
College Classrooms ◽  
A Value ◽  
Course Work

Value congruence, i.e., the agreement between personal and organizational values, may be viewed as the foundation for one’s ethical well-being on-the-job. Yet, the linkage between value congruence and ethics is not soundly addressed in college classrooms. This article describes the pedagogy used to successfully incorporate the value congruence-ethics connection into course work. The author first provides a theoretical introduction as a backdrop for developing the pedagogy including research on value congruence and ethics, the rationale for strengthening the role of “values” in ethics education, and the teaching strategy applied.  Thereafter, the author describes steps to teach value congruence and ethics, including learning objectives and an instructional model. The learning objectives and instructional model can be modified to apply within ethics training programs in the workplace.

Turning a Blind or Critical Eye to Leader Value Breaches: The Role of Value Congruence in Employee Perceptions of Leader Integrity

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-306
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Cha ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Patricia Faison Hewlin ◽  
D. Scott DeRue
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Value Congruence ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Leader Integrity ◽  
Espoused Values ◽  
Organizational Leader ◽  
Theory Research

How do employees react when an organizational leader commits a value breach (i.e., behaves in a way that employees perceive as inconsistent with the organization’s espoused values)? Prior research provides a mixed view: Employees may conclude that the leader lacks integrity, or they may maintain their perception of the leader’s integrity, despite the breach. We focus on the role of person–organization value congruence in determining employee reactions and propose competing predictions that value congruence is positively (“blind eye effect”) or negatively (“critical eye effect”) associated with employee perceptions of leader behavioral integrity following a breach. In Study 1, field survey data suggested that value congruence was positively associated with the perceived integrity of a leader who had committed a breach. However, two follow-up studies using an experimental vignette methodology revealed additional nuance. An integration of our three studies indicated that before the occurrence of any breaches, employees with high value congruence perceive leaders as higher in integrity than do employees with low value congruence (pre-breach sacralization), but when leaders commit one or more value breaches, high value congruence employees react more harshly—lowering their integrity perceptions to a greater extent (the critical eye effect). As a result, as leaders commit more and more breaches, the initially positive relationship between value congruence and perceived leader integrity weakens and eventually becomes negative. Our findings offer important contributions to theory, research, and practice related to organizational values and leadership.

scholarly journals Managing aggression in epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Hesham Y. Elnazer ◽  
Niruj Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Behavioural Management ◽  
Video Eeg

Behavioural changes associated with epilepsy can be challenging for patients and clinicians. Evidence suggests an association between aggression and epilepsy that involves various neurophysiological and neurochemical disturbances. Anti-epileptics have variable effects on behaviour and cognition that need consideration. Early detection and careful consideration of history, symptomatology and possible common comorbid psychiatric disorders is essential. Appropriate investigations should be considered to aid diagnosis, including electroencephalogram (EEG), video EEG telemetry and brain imaging. Optimising treatment of epilepsy, treatment of psychiatric comorbidities and behavioural management can have a major positive effect on patients' recovery and well-being.Learning Objectives• Understand the epidemiology of aggression in epilepsy• Comprehend the link between anti-epileptics and aggression, including the important role of pharmacodynamics• Be aware of the pharmacological treatments available for managing aggressive behaviour in epilepsy

scholarly journals Appraisals of Wildlife During Restorative Opportunities in Local Natural Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Johansson ◽  
Anders Flykt ◽  
Jens Frank ◽  
Terry Hartig
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Nature Experience

Many call for a broad approach to valuation of nature’s contribution to people, one that provides a contextualized understanding of what may be experienced as a value in different cultures, groups and settings. In the present paper we address contributions of nature to psychological well-being as realized through restorative processes during encounters with wildlife. Although restorative benefits of nature experience have received much consideration, sparse attention has been given to the role of the presence or absence of different animals in the settings investigated. The presence of a liked species may increase appreciation for and engagement with a natural setting, but fear of encountering some species may counter the desire to visit a setting with otherwise high restorative quality. This paper proposes a psychological framework for understanding how wildlife may contribute to or hinder people’s opportunities to restore in local natural settings. The framework addresses the transaction between the individual and their surroundings, making use of an appraisal theory of emotion and theories about the restorative benefits of nature experience. We focus upon encounters in landscapes shared by humans and wildlife, and we elaborate on our reasoning with scenarios from Sweden involving local people’s appraisal of wolves and roe deer. An integrated understanding of the psychological processes at work would facilitate communication and decision-making about the contribution of wildlife in nature conservation and management.

Delegating decision-making to autonomous products: A value model emphasizing the role of well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 120846
Author(s):  
Laurent BERTRANDIAS ◽  
Ben LOWE ◽  
Orsolya SADIK-ROZSNYAI ◽  
Manu CARRICANO
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Model

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

Moving toward well-being: The role of protective factors in violence research.

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Sabina ◽  
Victoria Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Well Being
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