scholarly journals Re-determination of normal dates of onset of southwest monsoon over India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
AJIT TYAGI ◽  
A.B. MAZUMDAR ◽  
MEDHA KHOLE ◽  
S.B. GAONKAR ◽  
SUNITHA DEVI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Summer Monsoon Onset ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Northwest India

The onset of southwest monsoon over various parts of the country can be early, timely or late as compared to a set of normal dates. Advance of monsoon could be either rapid or slow or sometimes there could be prolonged stagnation in the advance of monsoon. The timing of the monsoon onset is of vital importance to the agricultural sector and water replenishment. The climatological normal dates of onset which are being used at present are based on a much older data set (1901-1940) obtained from 149 stations. In this study, the climatology of the summer monsoon onset over different parts of India is derived using the mean pentad precipitation data of 569 stations spread all over the country, from 1971-2000. It has been observed that the revised dates of onset of monsoon over the Andaman Sea is 20 May, over Kerala is 1 June, over the northeastern parts is 5 June and the date of monsoon covering the entire country is 15 July (same as the existing dates). Considerable differences between the existing and the re-determined dates of onset are noticed over parts of south peninsula and western parts of central and adjoining northwest India where the re-determined dates are advanced by 1 to 3 days and delayed by 10 to 15 days respectively with respect to the existing normal dates of arrival of monsoon. The Standard Deviation of the re-determined normal dates ranges between 7 to 14 days with larger values over the northwest and west central parts and interior peninsular India.

scholarly journals Progress of Indian summer monsoon onset and convective episodes over Indo-Pacific region observed during 2009-2014

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-828
Author(s):  
S. P. GHANEKAR ◽  
S. G. NARKHEDKAR ◽  
D. R. SIKKA
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Summer Monsoon Onset ◽  
Oceanic Region ◽  
Time Required

 Summer monsoon onset progress from the oceanic region of Southeast Bay of Bengal / Andaman Sea (Oceanr) up to extreme southwestern part of India (Kerala) for the years 2009 to 2014 is investigated. Synoptic weather information, INSAT/KALPANA-1 as well as cloud imageries archived from Dundee Satellite Receiving Station for May and early June for these years are used in the analysis. Upper-air reanalyzed winds from NCEP/NCAR and OLR data archived through NOAA satellites are also used. During the study period, the dates of monsoon onset as well as the time required for the advancement of onset from Oceanr to Kerala have shown a large variation. An attempt is made to investigate the causes for such variations. The results indicate that intense disturbances which formed over north Indian Ocean in 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014 and over west-north Pacific Oceanic region in 2011 and 2012 have contributed for the same. Analysis is carried out, limiting its focus to bring out the role of these convective events in the observed variation of onset timing and its progress by taking case to case review of these events and bringing out their influence through synoptic analysis. Utility of this information in prediction of the progress of Indian summer monsoon onset is also brought out.  

scholarly journals Contrasting movement of wind based equatorial trough and equatorial cloud zone over Indian southern peninsula and adjoining Bay of Bengal during the onset phase of northeast monsoon

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Y. E. A. RAJ ◽  
R. ASOKAN ◽  
P. V. REVIKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Zonal Winds ◽  
The North ◽  
Latitudinal Position ◽  
Onset Phase

ABSTRACT. The northeast monsoon sets in over southern parts of peninsular India after the retreat of southwest monsoon and in association with the southward movement of equatorial trough. The INSAT satellite imageries scrutinised during the past several years revealed that the cloud bands at the time of northeast monsoon onset moved from south Bay into the southern peninsula, a feature that contrasts with the north to south movement of the equatorial trough. The paper investigates this aspect based on a dataset of lower level upper winds of the peninsula, rainfall data and INSAT OLR data for the 20 year period 1981–2000. The super epoch profiles of zonal winds, latitudinal position of equatorial trough with reference to northeast monsoon onset dates have been derived and studied. The region with OLR values less than 230 W/m2 was defined as the equatorial cloud zone and the movement of northern limit of ECZ was studied based on the normal pentad OLR data and also the superposed epoch profiles. From these analysis it has been established that at the time of northeast monsoon onset, the wind based equatorial trough moves south of Comorin whereas the cloud zone in the Bay of Bengal moves from south to north. Reasons for the occurrence of such a contrasting feature have been ascribed to features such as decreasing strength of lower level easterlies from north to south over coastal Tamil Nadu, reversal of temperature gradient between Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram at the time of onset and the dynamics of 40-day oscillation. The northeast monsoon activity over coastal Tamil Nadu has been found to be negatively correlated with the low level zonal winds over the coast, the degree of relation decreasing from north to south and also from October to December. Based on the results derived in the study and also the other known features of northeast monsoon a thematic model of northeast monsoon onset listing the events that precede and succeed the onset has been postulated.

scholarly journals MONSOON SEASON (June - September 2019)

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-552
Author(s):  
Editor Mausam
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Central India ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
Positive Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Northwest India

The rainfall over the country as a whole during the monsoon season (June-September) was 110% of its Long Period Average (LPA) and thus categorized as a normal* monsoon year. Seasonal rainfall over Central India region (1263.2 mm) was large excess with 129% of LPA rainfallwhich was third highest since 1901 after the years 1994 (1311.3 mm) and 1961 (1297 mm) for the broad geographical region of Central India. Rainfall over South Peninsula (116% of LPA) region was excess, over Northwest India (99% of LPA) was normal and East and Northeast Region remained deficient at 88% of LPA. Southwest monsoon reached parts over the Andaman Sea on 18 May, two days earlier than its normal date. However, it set in over Kerala on 8 June, 7 days later than its normal date and covered the entire country by 19 July with a delay of 4 days. Typically, the monsoon current begins to withdraw around 1 September, with the retreat completed by 15 October. This year, the retreat began on 9 October, marking the longest ever delay and was complete by 16 October in just 8 days. The withdrawal of Southwest monsoon from the entire country and the commencement of the Northeast monsoon rains occurred simultaneously on 16 October. Sometimes there is a gap of 10 days between the two seasons. Due to neutral ENSO conditions and weak Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), their influence on the monsoon were nearly absent especially in the second half of the season. Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) episode was observed since the beginning of the monsoon season and its rapid strengthening to the strongest ever was observed by mid of the monsoon season.  

scholarly journals Determination of selected heavy metals in airborne particles in industrial area: A baseline study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Azman Azid ◽  
Siti Noor Syuhada Muhammad Amin ◽  
Saiful Iskandar Khalit ◽  
Salwani Ismail ◽  
Mohd Saiful Samsudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study focuses on airborne heavy metal pollution in the industrial area. Eight points from Paka and Gebeng Industrial Area respectively were selected for this study within two monsoon seasons. The samples were analysed for heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration value of As, Pb and Cd for Paka were 5.0 ng/L ± 1.0, 107.0 ng/L ± 88.2, and 10.0 ng/L ± 7.5, respectively and Gebeng were 3.5 ng/L ± 1.5, 69.3 ng/L ± 59.3 and 5.1 ng/L ± 3.8, respectively in the southwest monsoon - much higher than the target value by European Commission in Directive 2004/107/EC and Directive 2008/50/EC. It could be concluded that the industrial and transportation emission were the major source of heavy metals in the atmosphere along the Paka and Gebeng Industrial Area. 

scholarly journals Determination of Iron in Vegetable Oil by Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Pedro S. Panero ◽  
Francisco S. Panero ◽  
Jose C. S. Oliveira ◽  
João S. Panero ◽  
Anderson L. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Mean

The potential of Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) for the quantification of iron (Fe) in vegetable oil extracted from the fruit of the moriche palm (buriti) [Mauritia flexuosa] was evaluated. This green method enables direct measurements without previous sample handling. Twenty-five buriti samples were collected in Roraima (Brazil). The statistical models were developed using the technique of partial least squares (PLS) analysis and the data set was divided into two parts: one used for calibration (n = 20) and one used for testing (n = 5). First, the model was calibrated and cross-validated with the calibration data set so that the model was validated with the test data set to verify its prediction ability. To obtain reference data, the samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9965 and the mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained for iron (Fe) was 0.8067 (in ppm). The results showed that the prediction ability can be considered good for large quantification of iron intervals in vegetable oil, and the mean relative errors were less than ±7%. This indicated that the green method for the determination of iron (Fe) in vegetable oil by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection can be used as an alternative method to the classic methods of analysis, because it does not use reagents harmful to the environment or operator, does not generate harmful waste, uses a fast technique, and there is minimal manipulation of the sample.

scholarly journals Southwest monsoon rainfall in India: Part I-Spatial variability

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
A. B. MAZUMDAR
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Southwest Monsoon Rainfall

Results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in spatial mode (S-Mode) applied on a 10 years' (1977-86) data set of weekly rainfall anomalies are presented in this study. The rainfall activity has been below average in the period under study with high standard deviations mostly over low rainfall areas. Inter - subdivisional correlation values suggest predominance of broad- scale weather systems over most parts of the country .The first principal component (PC) resemblance with the mean pattern. The second PC has been associated with active monsoon condition. The third and fourth PCs have been related to the northward progression of the Madden-Julian oscillation and the weak monsoon condition respectively. Resemblance of spatial patterns of alternative PCs with typical strong and weak monsoon activities suggest significant contributions from certain parts of the country (northeast, southeast) towards overall rainfall activity during weak monsoon situation.

scholarly journals Effect of eastward moving cloud clusters over northwest India and neighbourhood on the Indian summer monsoon

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
ASOI LAL ◽  
R. S. SUNDER ◽  
S. P. JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Cloud Clusters ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Northwest India

A number of studies have been made relating to the prediction of date of onset and also the activity of southwest monsoon over India. In this study an attempt has been made to link the behaviour of rainfall in northern and peninsular India to the satellite cloud clusters over the region of Afghanistan, Iran and northwest India. The monsoon rainfall over India commences in June. Hence variation of monsoon rainfall pattern with the movement of cloud clusters from northwest in pre-monsoon and monsoon months have been studied to elucidate the pattern of changes. The variability of monsoon performance largely depends on the number and movement of cloud clusters over northwestern region during pre-monsoon and monsoon months.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

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