scholarly journals Agricultural drought monitoring and management at sub district level in Telangana

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
D. RAJI REDDY ◽  
G. SREENIVAS
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
District Level ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sw Monsoon ◽  
Onset Of Monsoon

The weather or climate is considered as an important natural resource and basic input for better planning of crop and cropping system in agriculture particularly rainfed environments. Every plant process, related with growth, development and yield of a crop and each of in-season and off-season farm operations depends on weather. Amongst the various weather elements, temperatures, radiation and rainfall play crucial role in deciding the crop growth, development and yield levels. Precipitation is one of the important weather factors being responsible for atmospheric and soil moisture and therefore has more agricultural importance, especially in rainfed agriculture. Rainfed crops like jowar, maize, groundnut, greengram, blackgram and sunflower and one water-intensive crop like rice are mainly affected owing to drought. The drought conditions occur due to failure of South West Monsoon, delay in arrival of SW monsoon, and break monsoon conditions or early cessation of SW monsoon. Rainfed agriculture in India depends on onset of monsoon and the rainfall distribution during crop growth season. The amount of rainfall and the time of onset of monsoon decides the type of the crop to be grown. The timely onset and well distribution of monsoon rain in the month of June and July decides the area coverage of rainfed crops. Any deviation in the onset and distribution of southwest monsoon rainfall causes huge impact on agriculture and its dependent activities. Close monitoring of progress of monsoon and distribution of rainfall and its impact on sowing of rainfed crops is essential at sub district level to suggest time to time crop management strategies thereby to minimize the impact of aberrant seasonal conditions. In this paper a monitoring of drought at national, state and sub district (Mandal) level using indices like MAI, WRSI etc. were presented. Management strategies to reduce the impact of drought like optimum time of sowing, strategic irrigation, crop calendar, contingency crop planning etc. were discussed. Agromet advisories for communication of real time weather information for benefit of farming community were presented.  

scholarly journals Climate change and agroecosystems: the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the Earth´s atmosphere is increasing, which has the potential of increasing greenhouse effect and air temperature in the future. Plants respond to environment CO2 and temperature. Therefore, climate change may affect agriculture. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature about the impact of a possible increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield. Increasing CO2 concentration increases crop yield once the substrate for photosynthesis and the gradient of CO2 concentration between atmosphere and leaf increase. C3 plants will benefit more than C4 plants at elevated CO2. However, if global warming will take place, an increase in temperature may offset the benefits of increasing CO2 on crop yield.

scholarly journals The revised definition of pulmonary hypertension: exploring the impact on patient management

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_K) ◽  
pp. K4-K8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Simonneau ◽  
Marius M Hoeper
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Disease ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract At the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), it was proposed that the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) threshold used to define PH should be lowered from ≥25 mmHg to >20 mmHg. The rationale for this change is that the ≥25 mmHg threshold is arbitrary, whereas the revised threshold is based on scientific evidence. For the definition of all forms of pre-capillary PH, the inclusion of a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥3 Wood Units was also proposed, placing greater emphasis on an elevated PVR to identify pulmonary vascular disease. Here, we discuss the possible impact of the revised definition of PH on future clinical management. This change may facilitate earlier PH detection, particularly in at-risk patient groups that are already undergoing screening programmes, e.g. those with systemic sclerosis or mutations associated with PH. As an mPAP above the upper limit of normal (>20 mmHg) but <25 mmHg is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality compared with a normal mPAP, early identification of patients in this group is important to enable close monitoring and timely treatment initiation once clinically indicated. Treatments currently approved for PH are not necessarily suitable for patients with an mPAP 21–24 mmHg, as the management of this group has not been widely examined. The revised definition may facilitate inclusion of these patients in prospective trials, allowing the evaluation of appropriate management strategies.

Systemic modelling of soil functions under the impact of agricultural management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara König ◽  
Ulrich Weller ◽  
Birgit Lang ◽  
Mareike Ließ ◽  
Stefanie Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Turnover ◽  
The Impact

<p>The increasing demand for food and bio-energy gives need to optimize soil productivity, while securing other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffer capacity, carbon storage, biological activity, and water filter and storage. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soil with those functions, as well as the feedbacks between these functions.</p><p>We developed a systemic soil model to simulate the impact of different management options and changing climate on the named soil functions by integrating them within a simplified system. The model operates on a 1d soil profile consisting of dynamic nodes, which may represent the different soil horizons, and integrates different processes including dynamic water distribution, soil organic matter turnover, crop growth, nitrogen cycling, and root growth.</p><p>We present the main features of our model by simulating crop growth under various climatic scenarios on different soil types including management strategies affecting the soil structure. We show the relevance of soil structure for the main soil functions and discuss different model outcome variables as possible measures for these functions.</p><p>Further, we discuss ongoing model extensions, especially regarding the integration of biological processes, and possible applications.</p>

The role of seasonal indices in monitoring and assessing agricultural and other droughts: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. White ◽  
J. J. Walcott
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Seasonal Indices ◽  
The Impact

Indices for monitoring climate variability and the impacts of drought have long been used as the basis for planning and assessing the need for domestic and international aid to affected populations. Associated with this has been ongoing debate as to which indices are the most reliable and appropriate to aid decisions by government and private agencies on when and where to provide financial assistance. The simplest indices measure meteorological drought, the effects of which are measured in terms of agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought. Even though lack of rain is the primary cause of agricultural drought, rainfall data alone are frequently insufficient to assess the effect of drought on agricultural productivity. In this study we consider a range of seasonal indices in terms of how they relate to the impact of drought on rural Australia. This includes reviewing available and prospective indices that could aid government decision makers, in terms of when and where to intervene, in developing and implementing their policies. Clear and consistent policy helps agricultural managers to determine their production and financial targets and strategies, how much physical and financial risk they and their farms will be exposed to, and even whether they should continue to remain in farming. The significance of policy in considering triggers for government intervention is that it alters the level of risk that farmers are exposed to, which in turn influences the management strategies and tactics that farmers are likely to adopt. Minimising the risk to the biophysical resource base of every farm is also of paramount importance. We conclude that indices may provide effective summaries of droughts provided the purpose is clearly and precisely defined: in terms of activity, location and timing. However, given the important role of context in evidence-based decision-making, which in this case covers a range of industries, management systems, types of droughts, and seasons across Australia, it is likely that no single index could be effective for widespread, general usage in monitoring climate variability.

The impact of potential errors in rainfall observation on the simulation of crop growth, development and yield

2002 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B Heinemann ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
Bogdan Chojnicki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Immunization Strategies for Funding Multiple Inflation-Linked Retirement Income Benefits

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Cláudia Simões ◽  
Luís Oliveira ◽  
Jorge M. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Protecting against unexpected yield curve, inflation, and longevity shifts are some of the most critical issues institutional and private investors must solve when managing post-retirement income benefits. This paper empirically investigates the performance of alternative immunization strategies for funding targeted multiple liabilities that are fixed in timing but random in size (inflation-linked), i.e., that change stochastically according to consumer price or wage level indexes. The immunization procedure is based on a targeted minimax strategy considering the M-Absolute as the interest rate risk measure. We investigate to what extent the inflation-hedging properties of ILBs in asset liability management strategies targeted to immunize multiple liabilities of random size are superior to that of nominal bonds. We use two alternative datasets comprising daily closing prices for U.S. Treasuries and U.S. inflation-linked bonds from 2000 to 2018. The immunization performance is tested over 3-year and 5-year investment horizons, uses real and not simulated bond data and takes into consideration the impact of transaction costs in the performance of immunization strategies and in the selection of optimal investment strategies. The results show that the multiple liability immunization strategy using inflation-linked bonds outperforms the equivalent strategy using nominal bonds and is robust even in a nearly zero interest rate scenario. These results have important implications in the design and structuring of ALM liability-driven investment strategies, particularly for retirement income providers such as pension schemes or life insurance companies.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Different Landscape-Level Fuel Management Strategies on Wildfire Hazard in Central Portugal

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Akli Benali ◽  
Ana C. L. Sá ◽  
João Pinho ◽  
Paulo M. Fernandes ◽  
José M. C. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Fuel Treatment ◽  
The North ◽  
Wildfire Hazard ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
The Impact

The extreme 2017 fire season in Portugal led to widespread recognition of the need for a paradigm shift in forest and wildfire management. We focused our study on Alvares, a parish in central Portugal located in a fire-prone area, which had 60% of its area burned in 2017. We evaluated how different fuel treatment strategies may reduce wildfire hazard in Alvares through (i) a fuel break network with different extents corresponding to different levels of priority and (ii) random fuel treatments resulting from a potential increase in stand-level management intensity. To assess this, we developed a stochastic wildfire simulation system (FUNC-SIM) that integrates uncertainties in fuel distribution over the landscape. If the landscape remains unchanged, Alvares will have large burn probabilities in the north, northeast and center-east areas of the parish that are very often associated with high fireline intensities. The different fuel treatment scenarios decreased burned area between 12.1–31.2%, resulting from 1–4.6% increases in the annual treatment area and reduced the likelihood of wildfires larger than 5000 ha by 10–40%. On average, simulated burned area decreased 0.22% per each ha treated, and cost-effectiveness decreased with increasing area treated. Overall, both fuel treatment strategies effectively reduced wildfire hazard and should be part of a larger, holistic and integrated plan to reduce the vulnerability of the Alvares parish to wildfires.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Atmospheric Warming on Staple Crop Growth in China in the 1960s and 2000s

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Yu ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Lijun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
East China ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Responses of crop growth to climate warming are fundamental to future food security. The response of crops to climate change may be subtly different at their growing stages. Close insights into the differentiated stage-dependent responses of crops are significantly important in making adaptive adjustments of crops’ phenological optimization and cultivar improvement in diverse cropping systems. Using the Agro-C model, we studied the influence of past climate warming on crops in typical cropping systems in China. The results showed that while the temperature had increased distinctly from the 1960s to 2000s, the temperature frequency distributions in the growth season of crops moved to the high-temperature direction. The low temperature days during the crop growth periods that suppress crop growth decreased in the winter wheat area in North and East China, rice and maize areas in Northeast China, and the optimum temperature days increased significantly. As a result, the above ground biomass (AGB) of rice and maize in Northeast China and winter wheat in North and East China increased distinctly, while that of rice in South China had no significant change. A comparison of the key growth periods before and after heading (silking) showed that the warming before heading (silking) made a great contribution to the increase in the AGB, especially for winter wheat.

scholarly journals The impact of quarantine on Covid-19 infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
District Level ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Infection Rate ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives: Coronavirushas had profound effects on people’s lives and the economy of many countries, generating controversy between the need to establish quarantines and other social distancing measures to protect people’s health and the need to reactivate the economy. This study proposes and applies a modification of the SIR infection model to describe the evolution of coronavirus infections and to measure the effect of quarantine on the number of people infected. Methods: Two hypotheses, not necessarily mutually exclusive, are proposed for the impact of quarantines. According to the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate, delaying new infections over time without modifying the total number of people infected at the end of the wave. The second hypothesis establishes that quarantine reduces the population infected in the wave. The two hypotheses are tested with data for a sample of 10 districts in Santiago, Chile. Results: The results of applying the methodology show that the proposed model describes well the evolution of infections at the district level. The data shows evidence in favor of the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate; and not in favor of the second hypothesis, that quarantine reduces the population infected. Districts of higher socio-economic levels have a lower infection rate, and quarantine is more effective. Conclusions: Quarantine, in most districts, does not reduce the total number of people infected in the wave; it only reduces the rate at which they are infected. The reduction in the infection rate avoids peaks that may collapse the health system.

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