Chenopodium ambrosioides L. essential oil and ethanol extract on control of canine Ancylostoma spp.

The use of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has shown to be promising in the management of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of this study was to quantitate the yield and characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. ambrosioides, as well as to evaluate the in vitro effect of the ethanolic extract and the essential oil in L3 of Ancylostoma spp. and the in vivo effect(s) of the essential oil in dogs. The effects of the ethanol extract and essential oil on Ancylostoma spp. were evaluated in vitro by exposing larvae to the extract at concentrations ranging from 0.005 g mL-1 to 0.2 g mL-1 and to essential oil at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ?L mL-1. For the in vivo test, 26 healthy dogs, naturally infected by Ancylostoma spp., were divided into three groups: F1 - cookies were administered without active principle; F2 - herbal cookies containing 37.5 ?L g-1 essential oil of C. ambrosioides L.; F3 - cookies plus a commercial formulation containing febantel, pyrantel, praziquantel, and ivermectin. Complete blood counts and serum biochemistry for AST, ALT, AF, urea, creatinine, total protein, and albumin were performed. The yield of the essential oil was 0.3% m v-1, and its major components included ?-terpinene (1.24%), p-cymene (4.83%), and ascaridol Z (87%) and E (5.04%) isomers. The concentrations of C. ambrosioides L. ethanol extract used were ineffective against Ancylostoma spp. larvae. The essential oil at a concentration of 150 ?L mL-1 was effective against L3 larvae. In the in vivo study in dogs, the herbal cookies containing C. ambrosioides L essential oil reduced the number of eggs per gram of feces.

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Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei

JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ◽

10.20473/jfiki.v3i1.4088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wiwied Ekasari ◽

Nindya Tresiana ◽

Suciati Iryani ◽

Tutik Sri Wahyuni ◽

Heny Arwaty

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Cassia Spectabilis

Background: Antimalarial screening against nine species of the genus Cassia showed that the methanol extract of leaves Cassia spectabilis have the highest activity. Since it will be used as a traditional medicine, hence it is needed further studies of antimalarial activity of these plants by choosing a safer solvent, namely ethanol. Objective: In vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was conducted using the method of Trager and Jensen. Methods: The serial solution tested were: 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 µg/ mL, while the in vivo test was performed based on Peter’s test (The days suppressive test) that using P. berghei (strain ANKA) infected mice. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract of C. spectabilis leaves has inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 value of 12.52 µg/ mL and against P. berghei with ED50 value of 131.5 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: A further study to see the potential of ethanol extract from C. Spectabilis leaves as anti-malaria is warranted.

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Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei

JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ◽

10.20473/jfiki.v3i12016.17-21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Wiwied Ekasari ◽

Nindya Tresiana ◽

Suciati Iryani ◽

Tutik Sri Wahyuni ◽

Heny Arwaty

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Cassia Spectabilis

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Anthelmintic effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its nanoemulsion on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612019065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 522-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽

José Vilemar de Araújo Filho ◽

Jéssica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Worm Burden ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Main Component ◽

Vitro Effect

Abstract The anthelmintic resistance stimulated the search for strategies for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes, including the use of free essential oils or its nanoemulsion. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CcEO) and C. citratus essential oil nanoemulsion (CcEOn). Pysicochemical analyses were performed. The in vitro effect was determined using the egg hatch test (EHT) on Haemonchus contortus and in vivo effect was evaluated in sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The animals were treated with CcEO (500 mg/kg) or CcEOn (450 mg/kg) for the fecal egg count (FEC) and the determination of worm burden. The main component of CcEO was citral. The CcEO content in the nanoemulsion was 20% (v/v), and the mean particle size was 248 nm. In EHT, CcEO and CcEOn (1.25 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98.4 and 97.1%, respectively. Three animals treated with CcEO died whereas in the group treated with CcEOn one animal died. The FEC and total worm burden of the treated groups did not differ from the negative control (p>0.05). The CcEOn showed efficacy only on H. contortus (p<0.05). In conclusion, nanoencapsulation reduced toxicity and increased efficacy on H. contortus.

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In vitro anthelmintic activity of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000522019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Lopes da Costa Souza ◽

Cristina Karine de Oliveira Rebouças ◽

Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽

Cristiane de Carvalho Ferreira Lima Moura ◽

Taffarel Melo Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Hatching Process ◽

Vitro Effect

ABSTRACT Since drug-resistant nematodes became a common problem in sheep and goat industries, alternative methods using natural products have emerged as a viable and sustainable anthelmintic treatment option. Here, the in vitro effect of essential oil extracted from Lippia gracilis Schauer was assessed on the hatching process of nematodes recovered from naturally infected goats. Essential oil at concentrations of 0.08% (0.008 μL/mL), 0.12% (0.012 μL/mL), and 0.16% (0.016 μL/mL) was able to induce an average inhibition of 74.7, 84 and 93%, respectively. The effective concentration required to inhibit egg hatching in 50% of eggs (EC50) was 0.03452%. Therefore, essential oil of L. gracilis showed promisor in vitro anthelmintic results against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

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Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome As a Potential Dental Plaque Preventive Agent

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev1iss1pp19-25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Triana Hertiani ◽

Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi ◽

Iramie Duma Kencana Irianto ◽

Aini Febriana

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Kaempferia Galanga ◽

Degradation Activity ◽

Biofilm Inhibitor

Dental plaque prevention can be achieved by inhibition of mouth cavity microbes to built biofilm. Kaempferia galanga rhizome has been known as a potential antibacterial agent. This research aimed to reveal the potency of Kaempferia galanga extract and essential oil as anti plaque active agents, based on their in vitro inhibitory activity against the planktonic growth and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 21752. Kaempferia galanga extract was obtained by defatting dried-pulverized samples in petroleum ether prior to immersion in 70% ethanol. The fresh rhizome was steam-hydro distilled for 6 h to yield the essential oil. Antibacterial and anti biofilm assays were measured by micro dilution technique on polystyrene 96-wells micro titer plates at 37°C. The percentage of inhibition was calculated by comparing the absorbance of samples to the vehicle (control) measured by micro plate reader at 595 nm. Biofilms formed were first stained by 1% crystal violet. The above assays were performed in triplicates. This study revealed that both K. galanga rhizome essential oil and ethanolic extract showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity towards S. mutans. The ethanol extract showed MIC90 value at 0.091% w/v and MBC at 2.724% w/v for antibacterial activity; IC50 at 0.048 % w/v for anti biofilm formation activity; and EC50 at 0.052%w/v for biofilm degradation activity. Until the highest concentration tested (0.6%w/v), the MIC90 and MBC values of the essential oil were not revealed, but higher biofilm inhibitory activity i.e. IC50 at 0.025 % w/v; and EC50 at 0.034 %w/v were observed. Key words: biofilm inhibitor, antibacterial, Kaempferia galanga

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In vivo Neurological, Analgesic and In vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Stem Bark of Wedelia chinensis

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Sayema Khanum ◽

Md Shahid Sarwar ◽

Mohammad Safiqul Islam

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Cytotoxic Activities

Wedelia chinensis is a widely used anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective medicinal plant in Bangladesh. In this study, analgesic, neurological, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of leaf and stem bark of W. chinensis were investigated. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of W. chinensis (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) was investigated on animal model for neurological activity using open field test and hole cross test. Acetic acid induced writhing method was used to assess the analgesic activity. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was used for determining the antioxidant activity, while brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used for investigating cytotoxicity. The ethanol extract of the plant produced significant reduction (P<0.05) of locomotion in both doses (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) indicating pronounced neurological activity. Oral administration of alcoholic leaves and stem extracts significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited writhing response in mice. The percentage of scavenging of DPPH free radical was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value of 44.10 ± 0.65 and 38.96 ± 0.50 μg/ml for leaves and stem extracts, respectively. Our findings indicate that W. chinensis may be a source of natural antioxidant with potent analgesic, neurological and cytotoxic activities. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 18-26, 2019

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612011000300009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽

Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Larval Development ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽

Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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Antibacterial Efficacies of Extracts of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) on Some Clinical Microbial Isolates

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.53704/fujnas.v10i1.333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kamoldeen Ajijolakewu ◽

Muinat Olanike Kazeem ◽

Risikat Nike Ahmed ◽

Rahmat Folashade Zakariyah ◽

Tariq Oluwakunmi Agbabiaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Active Principle ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Lemon Grass

The spread of new infections and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of microorganisms necessitate the search for new antimicrobials with focus on plant extracts. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) of lemon grass known usually for bioactive essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus) was investigated in-vitro, against selected clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans). Antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts was assessed using the agar-well diffusion and broth-dilution techniques. The aqueous extract of C. citratus was more efficacious as it showed higher antimicrobial activity against all the test isolates at all tested concentrations. In contrast, only two of the test isolates; P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were susceptible to the ethanolic extract with minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentrations of 2 mg/ml (against S. aureus) and 12.5 mg/ml (against P. aeruginosa). The MIC of the aqueous extract were (mg/ml): 2, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 against S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans respectively. Meanwhile, both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. citratus exerted only a bacteriostatic effect against the five test isolates at all concentrations. Quantitative phytochemical screening of the two extracts revealed the presence of more concentration of active compounds in the aqueous extract than the ethanolic extract which plausibly accounts for its greater antimicrobial activity. This study has shown that, in difference to the use of its conventional essential oil, solvent extraction of Cymbopogon citratus is also a potent source of efficacious antimicrobials. Further works to determine the respective mechanisms of action(s) of the extracts’ active principle is being projected. Keywords: Lemon grass, clinical isolates, antimicrobial efficacies, bioactive compounds

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Satureja hortensis L. in Fresh Cow Cheese

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/8424035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ersilia Alexa ◽

Corina Danciu ◽

Ileana Cocan ◽

Monica Negrea ◽

Adriana Morar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Fresh Cheese ◽

Vitro Effect

This study presents data about the chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. used as both dry plant and essential oil, on fresh cow’s cheese, in order to extend its shelf-life. The proximate and elemental composition of dry plant of Satureja hortensis L. highlights important level of microelements. The content of microelements increases even when small amounts of Satureja hortensis in fresh cheese were added. The addition of Satureja hortensis dry plant leads to an increase in Fe (13.46–65.54%) and Mn (8.33–88.33%) content of fresh cheese, depending on the amount of plant added. The composition of essential oil isolated from Satureja hortensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS and the main compounds found were carvacrol (19.68%), o-cymene (30.86%), and p-cymene (28.07%). In order to use Satureja hortensis L. as natural preservative in food industry, in vitro effect of plant extract and essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria was tested. The oil of Satureja hortensis L. showed antimicrobial activity at 0.50–1.5%, while the alcoholic extract does not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus mycelial growth. The antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant in various proportions (0.5–1.5%) and essential oil (0.1%; 0.25%; 0.5%), on fresh cow’s cheese, was assessed after 3 and 7 days by counting colonies obtained at 30°C. Results have shown that the addition of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant and essential oil led to a reduction in the total number of germs, this reduction being more significant when the essential oil was used. Regarding the effect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in fresh cow’s cheese, the results highlight that the essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. may be a natural solution to prevent the development of this bacteria, while the ethanol extract does not prove to be effective.

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Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) frente a bacterias nosocomiales en Montería, Colombia

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v64i3.20848 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nelson Méndez Álvarez ◽

Alberto Angulo Ortíz ◽

Orfa Contreras Martínez

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Clinical Isolate ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Future Research ◽

E Coli

Bacterial resistance is a growing health problem worldwide that has serious economic and social impacts, compromising public health, and the therapeutic action of current antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new compounds with antimicrobial properties is relevant in modern studies, particularly against bacteria of clinical interest. In the present study, in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and essential oil of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) was evaluated against nosocomial bacteria, using the microdilution method. Escherichia coli strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp. were used, Salmonella sp. and Bacillus sp., isolated from nosocomial infections in a hospital in the city of Monteria and reference strains of S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922 and K. pneumonia ATCC 700603. The ethanol extract antibacterial profile was more efficient at higher concentrations (1 000 ppm), obtaining significant percentages of reduction of more than 50 % against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and a clinical isolate of E. coli; while compared to Bacillus clinical isolate, was more active than the essential oil. For the rest of microorganisms, the reduction percentages obtained at a concentration of 1 000 ppm varied between 17 and 42 % with ethanolic extract, and 8 to 43 % with essential oil. At concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm antibacterial activity of the extracts was lower. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract and essential oil of C. longa rhizomes have active compounds with antibacterial properties that could be used in future research as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of infections caused by nosocomial pathogens.

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