scholarly journals Ingestive Behavior of Ovine Fed with Marandu Grass Silage Added with Naturally Dehydrated Brewery Residue

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele de Jesus Ferreira ◽  
Anderson de Moura Zanine ◽  
Rogério de Paula Lana ◽  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Marinaldo Divino Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of ovine fed Marandu grass silage with dehydrated brewery residue added. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions, with the treatments levels of inclusion being of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage. 20 ovines were used and the experimental period was 21 days, 15 being for adaptation to diets. The use of brewery byproduct promoted quadratic effect (P<0.05) for the consumption of dry matter with maximum point value estimated at adding 23.25% additive. Ingestion efficiency and rumination efficiency of dry matter (g DM/hour) were significant (P<0.05), by quadratic behavior, and NDF ingestion and rumination efficiency showed crescent linear behavior. The DM and NDF consumption expressed in kg/meal and in minutes/kg were also significant (P<0.05), showing quadratic behavior. Rumination activity expressed in g DM and NDF/piece was influenced (P<0.05) by the adding of brewery residue in marandu grass silage in quadratic way, with maximum value estimated of 1.57 g DM/bolus chewed in inclusion of 24.72% additive in grass silage. The conclusion is that intermediary levels adding of 20 to 25% dehydrated brewery residue affects certain parameters of ingestive behavior.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Eucalyptus According to Different Desiccation Periods of Signalgrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. GRAAT ◽  
A.L. BACHA ◽  
M.P. NEPOMUCENO ◽  
P.L.C.A. ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different desiccation periods of Urochloa decumbens on the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone C-219H). The experiment was conducted in 100 liter concrete boxes, previously filled with Dark-Red Latosol. U. decumbens was sown in all plots, except for the control sample without covering. After 95 days from sowing, the herbicide glyphosate (dose of 1,424 g a.e. ha-1) was sprayed at intervals of 0 (Apply-Plant), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before eucalyptus planting, plus a control sample without covering, totaling seven treatments. A completely randomized design with six replications was used. Eucalyptus plants were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), when the height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were determined. At the end of the experimental period (90 DAP), the leaf area and the dry matter of leaves and stem were measured. It is possible to conclude that the Apply-Plant modality was harmful to some of the eucalyptus characteristics (E. urograndis - C-219H), while planting the seedlings in periods over 14 days after the desiccation of U. decumbens plants promoted a better development of the culture.

scholarly journals Ingestive Behavior and Nutritional and Physiological Parameters of Sheep Fed Diets Based on Cashew Byproduct

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Tallita da Ponte Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu ◽  
Fernando Lisboa Guedes ◽  
Marco Aurélio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, feed efficiency, and nutritional and physiological parameters of sheep that were fed diets based on byproducts from the processing of cashew. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of inclusion (6 %, 11 %, 16 %, and 21 % of cashew byproduct) and two forms of processing—with chemical treatment (CT) and without chemical treatment (NCT). The interaction levels of inclusion of the byproduct of cashew versus chemical treatments was not (P>0.05) for the dry matter intake, consumption of organic matter. No effect was observed (P>0.05) for the intake of dry matter in function of the type of chemical treatment used in the byproduct of cashew. There was no effect of interaction (P<0.05) between levels of inclusion and chemical treatment applied or not on the byproduct of cashew for the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein (P>0.05). The inclusion of the byproduct of cashew did not influence the behavioral parameters, intake and digestibility of the diets of sheep, being recommended to use up to the level of 21%.

scholarly journals Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692
Author(s):  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
C.S.B. Oliveira ◽  
L.E.F. Afonso ◽  
J.C. Azevedo ◽  
O.R. Machado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yellow Grease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of heifers on Brachiaria pasture deferred with different periods of sealing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4275 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Dionísio Borges de Macêdo ◽  
Fábio Andrade Teixeira ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
Poliana Batista de Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to evaluate four deferral periods for pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, and the implications on the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with four periods (63, 84, 105 and 126 days), each with three replications. The time spent daily by animals on grazing, idle, rumination and in the trough was not affected by periods of sealing the pastures, with mean values of 566.6; 422.29; 426.9 and 24.1 minutes, respectively. The number of feeding stations, the time spent in the stations and the number of feeding stations per minute were not different between periods of sealing the pastures, averaging 106.4; 34.6 and 3.0, respectively. The number of bites and the number of bites per minute showed a quadratic effect, with a point of maximum equal to 1,098 bites and 31 bites per minute, observed on days 93 and 88, respectively. Feed efficiency was linearly decreasing influenced by periods of sealing the pastures. Periods of grazing and idle, the number of bites, the number of bites per minute and feed efficiency are influenced by different deferral periods of pastures under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Ingestive Behavior and Physiological Parameters of Sindhi Heifers Receiving Saline Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Patrícia R. Rosa ◽  
Gherman Garcia L. Araújo ◽  
Silvia Helena N. Turco ◽  
Salete A. Moraes ◽  
Juliana N. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the effects of potential use of brackish water as a source for Sindhi heifers on ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters. Twenty-four Sindhi heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, with levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) of 640, 3200, 5760, and 8320 mg/L. Three 24-hour behavioral tests were performed, which were divided into four observation shifts (00:00 to 06:00; 06:00 to 12:00; 12:00 to 18:00 and 18:00 to 00:00) at the beginning, middle, and end of the experiment. The highest values of black globe temperature humidity index and air temperature were observed at 14:00 h, with values of 92.7 and 34.1 &deg;C, respectively. The different levels of TDS did not promote significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in the variables feed intake, rumination, idling, feeding efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, rumination efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, heart rate, rectal and surface temperature, creatinine, and potassium. Among the assessed shifts, feed and water intake showed higher frequencies in the shifts 2 (06-12 h) and 3 (12-18 h) and rumination showed a higher frequency in the shifts 1 (00-06 h) and 4 (18-00 h). The physiological variables presented higher indices during the warmest hours of the day. A linear behavior was observed for the serum sodium level, presenting a average of 134.4 mmol/L. Water containing up to 8,326 mg/L TDS can be used in the watering of Sindhi heifers in short periods in the season of highest water shortage without affecting the ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters of the animal.

scholarly journals Effects of additives and their levels of inclusion on nutritive value of silage made from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-362
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
A. Kabiru ◽  
M. V ◽  
G. A. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three additives (molasses, cracked corn and corn-soybean) and inclusion levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %) on nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennistum purpureum) silage. The experimental design was a 3×5 factorial in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated three times. Samples were obtained from Pasture Museum. Elephant grass stands at late vegetative stage were randomly selected and harvested at 7 cm stubble height. Grass was chopped into 2-3 cm length. Five hundred gram of the sample was weighed in each case; additives were added separately at the designated inclusion levels and mixed thoroughly. Materials were then tightly packed into laboratory silos compressed and sealed tightly and left for a fermentation period of 21 days. The results indicated crude protein (CP) was significantly greater (10.92%) in silage treated with corn-soybean additive compared with other additives. Crude fiber (CF) was observed to be lower in molasses treated elephant grass silage (27.74 %). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were both lower in molasses treated silage (24.76 and 43.26 % respectively). The CP was observed to increase with increased inclusion level of the additive while CF decreased. Values for digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI)as a percentage of body weight and relative feed value (RFV) were greater (P<0.05) in molasses treated silage compared to corn and corn-soybean. The DDM, DMI and RFV values were higher (P<0.05) at 7.5 and 10 % inclusion levels. Significant interactions were observed between additives and inclusion levels in most parameters measured. It was concluded that molasses additive could be used in elephant grass silage during ensiling at 7.5-10 % levels of inclusion.

scholarly journals DOSE AND MODE OF APPLICATION OF THE WATER-ABSORBENT COPOLYMER ON GROWTH OF BERMUDAGRASS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro José Grava De Godoy ◽  
Marcos Renato Villaron Xavier e Barbosa ◽  
Marcelo Vieira Ferraz ◽  
Luis Augusto Saes ◽  
Marcos Vieira Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Medium Texture

DOSE AND MODE OF APPLICATION OF THE WATER-ABSORBENT COPOLYMER ON GROWTH OF BERMUDAGRASS  LEANDRO JOSÉ GRAVA DE GODOY1; MARCOS RENATO VILLARON XAVIER E BARBOSA2; MARCELO VIEIRA FERRAZ1; LUIS AUGUSTO SAES2 E MARCOS VIEIRA FERRAZ3 1Professor Assistente Doutor do curso de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Experimental de Registro, Registro, SP, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected] do curso de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Experimental de Registro, Registro, SP, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]ós-doutorando, Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Botucatu, SP, Brasil, [email protected].  1 ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of water-absorbent copolymer in the growth of Bermudagrass, planted in a sandy substrate and soil medium texture. The treatments consisted of five doses of the copolymer (0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 g m-2), and two application modes (dry and hydrated) in a completely randomized design with five replications. During the experimental period turfs were subjected to a period of 10 days without watering. For the sandy substrate, when subjected to water stress, there was linear increase on dry mater production of clippings (growth) in function doses of water-absorbent copolymer. The major dry mater of roots was achieved by application of the copolymer at a dose of 56 g m-2 hydrated. For the soil medium textured copolymer hydrated in doses 50-54 g m-2 water-absorbent copolymer showed greater production of dry mater of clippings of Bermudagrass cv. Celebration applied in powder and hydrated forms respectively. For medium textured soil this water-absorbent copolymer did not influence the intensity of green color, not the green coverage rate of the turfgrass. The application of hydrated copolymer reduced the dry matter of roots in the soil of medium texture. Keywords:  Hydrogel, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, Maintenance, Turfgrass.  GODOY, L. J. G.; XAVIER E BARBOS, M. R. V.; FERRAZ, M. V.; SAES, L. A.; FERRAZ, M. V.DOSES E MODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE COPOLÍMERO HIDROABSORVENTE NO CRESCIMENTO DA GRAMA BERMUDA  2 RESUMO Com o presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do copolímero hidroabsorvente no crescimento da grama bermuda, plantada em substrato de areia e solos de textura média. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de cinco doses do copolímero (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 g m-2), e dois modos de aplicação (seco e hidratado), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Durante o período experimental as gramas foram submetidas a um período sem irrigação de 10 dias. Para o substrato arenoso quando submetido a estresse hídrico houve efeito linear do copolímero sobre a produção de fitomassa seca de aparas (crescimento). A maior fitomassa de raízes foi alcançada com a aplicação do copolímero na dose de 56 g m-2 de forma hidratada. Já para o solo de textura média o copolímero na forma hidratada nas doses de 50 a 54 g m-2 do copolímero proporcionou maior produção de fitomassa seca de aparas da grama bermuda cv. Celebration aplicados em pó e de forma hidratada, respectivamente. Para o solo de textura média este copolímero não influenciou a intensidade de cor verde, nem a taxa de cobertura verde do gramado. A aplicação do copolímero hidratado reduziu a fitomassa seca das raízes, em solo de textura média. Palavras-Chave: Hidrogel, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, Manutenção, Gramado. 

scholarly journals Comportamento ingestivo de novilhos terminados em confinamento submetidos a padrões de fornecimento de energia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Amanda Farias de Moura ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Diego Soares Machado ◽  
Leonel Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One

This study aimed to verify the effects of supplying different energy patterns on ingestive behavior of feedlot-finished cattle. Twenty-seven pure and crossbred Charolais or Nellore steers with an initial average age and weight of 22 months and 252.8 kg, respectively, were used. Three treatments were carried out, two of them with an increasing rate of concentrate in the diet during the finishing period (IT5 and IT10) and one with constant roughage to concentrate ratio (CT). The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three treatments, five periods, and nine replications. Feeding time was higher for CT (4.31 hours) when compared to IT5 (3.85 hours). Steers from the treatment IT10 remained longer in lying leisure (8.14 hours) when compared to the treatment CT (7.24 hours). A superiority of chewing per ruminated bolus was observed in IT10 (58.59 seconds) when compared to IT5 (54.11 seconds) whereas a higher number of ruminated bolus was observed in TC5 (534.68 ruminated bolus day?1) when compared to IT10 (473.77 ruminated bolus day?1). Animals from CT presented a higher dry matter intake (9.54 kg day?1) than those from IT10 (8.63 kg day?1). Steers from CT and IT5 showed a higher NDF intake (3.63 and 3.58 kg NDF day?1, respectively) when compared to IT10 (3.29 kg NDF day?1). The constant energy pattern increases feeding time and dry matter intake. The one of less vigorous growth increases the number of bolus ruminated per day, while the one of more vigorous growth increases idle time and chews per bolus and decreases the intake of neutral detergent fiber.

scholarly journals Performance, gut morphometry and enzymatic activity of broilers fed neonatal supplementation in housing

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38423
Author(s):  
Tatiane Souza dos Santos ◽  
Adriano Barbieri ◽  
Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Do Valle Polycarpo ◽  
Daniela Felipe Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Organ Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age.

Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Yam peel meal as replacement for maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
I. B. Amaza ◽  
A. Maidala ◽  
C. E. Isidahomen
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are indicators of physiological, nutritional and pathological status of animals. Investigation of these parameters provide information for diagnostic purposes. The study was conducted to determine the influence of feeding graded levels of yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize on haematology; blood chemistry was evaluated in rabbits. Thirty- six (New Zealand white X Chinchilla) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with nine rabbits per treatment. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% of Yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize, designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period of nine weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, three rabbits per treatment were randomly selected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices except AST were affected (P<0.05) by dietary inclusion of YPM. Although most of the parameters investigated were affected by rabbits fed test ingredient, the values fell within the normal literature reference values for rabbits. It can therefore be concluded that up to 37.5% inclusion level of YPM can be fed to growing rabbits without deleterious effects on health status.

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