scholarly journals Influence of integrated crop-livestock-forest on morphological composition and nutritional value of Marandu palisadegrass under continuous grazing

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3415-3430
Author(s):  
Erikelly Aline Ribeiro Santana ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Cristiana Andrighetto ◽  
Gustavo Pavan Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Livestock System

This study characterizes the changes in leaf mass, morphological composition and nutritional value of leaf blades of palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) under continuous grazing in the first year of implementation of pasture and after second year of the eucalyptus planting in an Integrated Crop-Livestock System and Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest, which were tested in the four seasons. The experimental design was in random blocks, with three treatments: Crop-Livestock System (ICL) and Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest with two eucalyptus tree densities (ICLF-1L, 196 eucalyptus trees ha-1 and ICLF-3L, 448 eucalyptus trees ha-1) and four replicates. Sixty castrated Nellore cattle with initial weight of 235.43 ± 25.46 kg and mean age of 16 ± 2.81 months were used during the growing phase under continuous grazing. The agronomic variables were: total dry mass of forage, leaves, stem and dead material; leaf: stem and live: senescent material ratios; and accumulation rate. The leaf: stem and live: senescent material relation did not obtain any difference between the evaluated systems. Dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions and digestibility of leaf blades were evaluated. Dry mass of the forage (6775 kg ha-1), stem (2175 kg ha-1), senescent material (3175 kg ha-1) and dry matter content (28.6%) were greater in the ICL, whereas crude protein (11.3%) was greater in the ICLFs. On the other hand, accumulation rate and dry mass of leaf blades did not change between systems. Thus, until the first year of grazing, tree systems have advantages, because the forage production (accumulation rate) and leaf mass are similar to those of plants in full sun, besides showing higher nutritional value.

scholarly journals Production and quality of corn silage with forage and pigeon peas in a crop-livestock system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 861-876
Author(s):  
Vinicius Carreteiro Gomes ◽  
◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Juliana da Silva Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Livestock System

The objective of this study was to evaluate maize in consortium with forage in a crop-livestock system for silage production, with subsequent formation of pasture. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with four replications, two types of corn cultivation, intercropped with two Brachiaria species (marandu grass and convert grass), and with and without intercropping with the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) BRS Mandarin. Dry matter productivity, the morphological composition of the corn, the botanical composition of the Brachiaria and pigeon peas, and the bromatological composition of the silage and Brachiaria were evaluated, as well as the losses caused by effluents. The consortia did not interfere with the productivity of corn for silage, and the silage from the consortium with pigeon peas exhibited a higher concentration of crude protein, demonstrating that the modality of the integrated agricultural production system of corn culture with Brachiaria and pigeon peas is an alternative to increase the protein content of the ensiled material and provide greater diversity of the remaining forage.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization with fluid swine slurry on production and nutritive value of Tifton 85

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Vielmo ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of liquid swine slurry on dry matter accumulation rate and nutritive values (crude proten and neutral detergent fiber) of Tifton 85 grass pasture cultivated in southwestern Paraná from October 2005 to March 2006. It was used a complete random experimental design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme composed of four doses of swine slurry in the plots (0, 80, 160 and 320 m³/ha) and four consecutive cuts in the subplots of the pasture. It was carried out two applications, one in the beginning of the experiment and other after 80 days. Cuts were performed every time pasture height was 40 cm. There was a dose versus cut interaction for all variables. Swine slurry promoted increase on dry matter accumulation rate only on the first cut after its application (cuts 1 and 3). Dry matter maximal yield (24.2 t/ha) was obtained at 249 m³/ha of swine slurry manure (143 and 106 m³/ha, respectively for applications 1 and 2), corresponding to 450 kg of N/ha. Percentage of crude protein increases and neutral detergent fiber of Tifton 85 grass decreases as dose of swine slurry increases, improving forage nutritive value. Use efficiency and nitrogen recovery rate decrease with addition of swine slurry doses.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GRAIN-HAYLAGE FROM LUPIN, OAT AND SUDAN GRASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Valentina Ruckaya ◽  
Alexander Sorokin ◽  
Elena Afonina ◽  
Natal'ya ZAYCEVA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Sowing Period

The average data for 2018–2019 are presented for yield, dry matter content in grain-haylage mass, nutritional value of test grain-haylage samples produced from plant mass of white lupin, oat and Sudan grass from single and mixed cenosis of different sowing times. The grain-haylage mass was harvested in the phase of brilliantly ripening lupin bean, milky-waxy ripeness of oats and the end of flowering of the Sudan grass. It’s revealed that variants of the second sowing date — 2 decade of May — have the best yield of grain-haylage mass and its dry matter content. The yield of grain-haylage mass in the best variants of the second sowing period exceeded by 7–8 t/ha. According to the nutritional value of grain silage samples (the content of metabolic energy, crude protein, crude ash and carotene), the best results were obtained in most variants of the first sowing period. In content of the metabolic energy and crude protein of 1 kg of dry matter of grain-haylage, the best were variants of the single-species cenosis of lupine and its mixture with oats of the first sowing period. Variants of single-species sowing of lupine and Sudan grass were distinguished by the content of carotene.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Ernestina dos Ribeiro Santos Neta ◽  
Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo ◽  
Daiany Íris Gomes ◽  
Janaina Barros Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Babassu Cake

This study evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and crude protein (CP) in byproducts of African oil palm (palm cake, kernel or fiber), macaúba (pulp cake and kernel cake), acai (acai fruit), babassu (kernel cake) and pineapple (peel, crown and bagasse silage). Nineteen rumen-fistulated sheep were kept in individual stalls, receiving a daily diet composed of elephant grass silage and corn and soybean concentrate. After preparation in nylon bags, the byproduct samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, with three replicates of each ingredient per incubation time. The divergence between the protein nutritional value and energy nutritional value, based on discriminatory variables between groups, was estimated by cluster analysis. The effective degradability of DM, NDFap and CP for the different byproducts was, respectively, 35.9, 26.9 and 59.0% for palm cake; 48.3, 34.3 and 76.4% for palm kernel; 21.1, 6.6 and 50.3% for palm fiber; 34.3, 15.0 and 52.8% for macaúba pulp cake; 58.1; 63.0 and 51.6% for macaúba kernel cake; 49.7, 49.6 and 41.8% for babassu cake; 53.4, 40.5 and 79.8% for pineapple bagasse silage; and 21.3, 17.0 and 38.9% for acai fruit. Based on their NDFap and CP characteristics, the feeds were clustered in up to four different groups.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
B Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

Determining the content of nitrogen and some macroelements in the dry mass of perennial leguminous plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Lakić ◽  
Mirjana Žabić ◽  
Tihomir Predić
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to determine the content of elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the dry mass of perennial fodder legumes, mowed in the optimal growth phase. The experiment with perennial legumes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense) and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was set up as a random block system in four replicates on valley-brown soil and was conducted for two years. The green mass of perennial legumes in the first and second mowing was harvested at the end of budding/ beginning of flowering phase. In the third and fourth regrowth, mowing of the biomass was done after 5 weeks. Immediately after each mowing, representative sample of green biomass was taken from each replicate of each legume tested. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the dry plant material was determined. The content of nitrogen and potassium in the fodder of alfalfa and red clover was higher in the first year of the study, which was not the case for bird's-foot trefoil. The dry matter of alfalfa on average had the highest content of nitrogen (39.8 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (19.6 g kg-1 DM), bird's-foot trefoil of phosphorus (10.6 g kg-1 DM) and potassium (26.1 g kg-1 DM), and red clover of magnesium (3.7 g kg-1 DM). In the dry mass of bird's-foot trefoil the average content of nitrogen was 39.0 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus 10.6 g kg-1 DM, potassium 26.1 g kg-1 DM, calcium 15.7 g kg-1 DM, and magnesium 3.5 g kg-1 DM.

The intensive production of herbage for crop-drying III. The effect of the continued application of nitrogenous fertilizers to grassland

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
First Year ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
General Reduction

1. The experiment previously described (series 4, Holmes, 1949) on the effect of massive applications of nitrogenous fertilizers on the productivity of a ryegrass dominant pasture was continued for 3 years (1946, 1947, 1948). The manurial treatments ranged from none to the application of 312 lb. nitrogen per acre and this was applied with and without 135 lb. P2O5 and 168 lb. K2O per acre. Farmyard manure was applied to one block in 1948.2. With the heaviest nitrogen treatment plus phosphate and potash the average yield for 3 years was 8000 lb. dry matter and 1640 lb. crude protein (similar to the yield in 1946) compared with a control yield of 4720 lb. dry matter and 590 lb. crude protein. The yields declined from year to year when phosphate and potash were not applied, the decline being greatest with the heaviest application of nitrogen.3. The seasonal distribution of the yield of herbage was very considerably modified by the time when fertilizers were applied.4. The botanical composition of the swards was related to the yield, 70% of the grasses in the highest yielding sward being perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot while the lowest yielding sward contained only 35% of these grasses.5. The manurial treatments had no effect on the pH, loss on ignition or the content of readily soluble P2O5 in the soil, but in the first year there was some evidence of a general reduction of readily soluble K2O to a low level.

A note on the apparent digestibility of energy and protein in dried poultry excreta

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Lowman ◽  
D. W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Detailed Work

SUMMARYThe nutritional value of dried poultry excreta was investigated by determining the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and copper in five diets containing 0 to 100% of this feed. Dried poultry excreta supplied 20·21% apparently digestible crude protein and approximately 1·57 or 1·74 Mcal of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter.The copper in dried poultry excreta was found to be less digestible than the copper in barley. It is concluded that, as far as copper levels are concerned, dried poultry excreta are safe for ruminants, and are a source ofcheap protein. More detailed work is needed to determine the metabolizable energy of the material accurately.

Effect of second-pond dairy effluent on turnip dry matter yield, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Linear Manner

Dairy farms in southern Australia generally use a 2-pond system to manage dairy shed effluent. This system consists of a deep anaerobic first pond and a shallow aerobic second pond. The liquid in the second pond contains a range of nutrients that may have agronomic benefits for forages. The effect of applying second-pond dairy effluent to a summer turnip (Brassica rapa L.) crop over 3 consecutive summer periods was measured. Effluent was applied at 6 rates, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm, approximately 6–8 weeks after turnips were sown each year. Turnips were assessed for dry matter (DM) accumulation, nutritive characteristics, and mineral content. In addition, total annual production for years 1 and 2 was calculated by including the DM accumulation from annual ryegrass grown from autumn to spring each year. Concentrations of nutrients within the effluent as an average over the 3 years were 31, 454, 20, and 149 kg/ML for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and nitrogen (N), respectively. In addition, effluent also contained 152 kg/ML of calcium (Ca), 225 kg/ML of magnesium (Mg), and 529 kg/ML of sodium (Na). Soil pH was generally unaffected with effluent application, while soil EC and total soluble salt (TSS) content increased with effluent addition. In the first year, application of effluent at 15 mm and higher resulted in increases in available K; however, in subsequent years, rates of 45 mm and higher led to an increase in available K, while for the control and lower effluent rates there was a marked decline in K status. In all years there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in leaf, root, and total DM yields with applied effluent. For leaf, responses were 19, 50, and 26 kg DM per mm applied effluent and for roots, 10, 39, and 25 kg DM per mm applied effluent for years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In years 2 and 3, turnip leaf crude protein (CP) content increased (P < 0.05) in a linear manner at rates of 0.046 and 0.044% per mm applied effluent, respectively. There was also a linear increase (P < 0.05) in turnip root CP in years 2 and 3 of 0.033 and 0.021% per mm applied effluent, respectively. In all years there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in leaf K content, while for root K there was a quadratic trend (P < 0.05) for year 1 and a linear increase (P < 0.05) for years 2 and 3. The results from this study indicate that the use of dairy effluent can increase DM yield and improve the nutritive value of turnips through an increase in CP content. The data also indicate that this effect can be maintained over consecutive years, which in turn may provide greater flexibility for returning effluent to farm land. While results appear to indicate that the primary responses are due to N, further work is required to determine the effects of water and other nutrients within dairy effluent.

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