Determining the content of nitrogen and some macroelements in the dry mass of perennial leguminous plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Lakić ◽  
Mirjana Žabić ◽  
Tihomir Predić
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to determine the content of elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the dry mass of perennial fodder legumes, mowed in the optimal growth phase. The experiment with perennial legumes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense) and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was set up as a random block system in four replicates on valley-brown soil and was conducted for two years. The green mass of perennial legumes in the first and second mowing was harvested at the end of budding/ beginning of flowering phase. In the third and fourth regrowth, mowing of the biomass was done after 5 weeks. Immediately after each mowing, representative sample of green biomass was taken from each replicate of each legume tested. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the dry plant material was determined. The content of nitrogen and potassium in the fodder of alfalfa and red clover was higher in the first year of the study, which was not the case for bird's-foot trefoil. The dry matter of alfalfa on average had the highest content of nitrogen (39.8 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (19.6 g kg-1 DM), bird's-foot trefoil of phosphorus (10.6 g kg-1 DM) and potassium (26.1 g kg-1 DM), and red clover of magnesium (3.7 g kg-1 DM). In the dry mass of bird's-foot trefoil the average content of nitrogen was 39.0 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus 10.6 g kg-1 DM, potassium 26.1 g kg-1 DM, calcium 15.7 g kg-1 DM, and magnesium 3.5 g kg-1 DM.

scholarly journals Influence of integrated crop-livestock-forest on morphological composition and nutritional value of Marandu palisadegrass under continuous grazing

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3415-3430
Author(s):  
Erikelly Aline Ribeiro Santana ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Cristiana Andrighetto ◽  
Gustavo Pavan Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Livestock System

This study characterizes the changes in leaf mass, morphological composition and nutritional value of leaf blades of palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) under continuous grazing in the first year of implementation of pasture and after second year of the eucalyptus planting in an Integrated Crop-Livestock System and Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest, which were tested in the four seasons. The experimental design was in random blocks, with three treatments: Crop-Livestock System (ICL) and Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest with two eucalyptus tree densities (ICLF-1L, 196 eucalyptus trees ha-1 and ICLF-3L, 448 eucalyptus trees ha-1) and four replicates. Sixty castrated Nellore cattle with initial weight of 235.43 ± 25.46 kg and mean age of 16 ± 2.81 months were used during the growing phase under continuous grazing. The agronomic variables were: total dry mass of forage, leaves, stem and dead material; leaf: stem and live: senescent material ratios; and accumulation rate. The leaf: stem and live: senescent material relation did not obtain any difference between the evaluated systems. Dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions and digestibility of leaf blades were evaluated. Dry mass of the forage (6775 kg ha-1), stem (2175 kg ha-1), senescent material (3175 kg ha-1) and dry matter content (28.6%) were greater in the ICL, whereas crude protein (11.3%) was greater in the ICLFs. On the other hand, accumulation rate and dry mass of leaf blades did not change between systems. Thus, until the first year of grazing, tree systems have advantages, because the forage production (accumulation rate) and leaf mass are similar to those of plants in full sun, besides showing higher nutritional value.

scholarly journals Main soil nutrients dynamics in sod-dressing intercropped orchard

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. G. Gurin ◽  
S. V. Rezvyakova ◽  
N. Yu. Revin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study aimed to estimate seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the influence of sod grasses in a sod-dressing intercropped orchard. The trial was conducted in a Welsey apple 1987-year orchard. Trees were planted at 8×6 m, cultivar seedlings used as rootstock. Red clover and meadow timothy in variant shares were used for interrow sodding. The cereal—legume intercropping was done in 2015, preceded by a 180 kg/ha active substance phosphorus-potassium dressing in reserve. Nitrogen was applied annually prior to growing season at 34.4 kg/ha active substance. Grass biomass in first hay cutting was the highest and comprised 45.3-49.9 % total mass. A total four cuttings dry mass was 3.36-7.10 t/ha depending on scheme. The maximum biomass was registered for the schemes with red clover and meadow timothy at ratios 1:1 and 7:3 (6.52 and 7.10 t/ha). In the growing period, grass depleted soil for 111.1—219.9 kg/ha nitrogen, 21.5-42.7 kg/ha phosphorus and 209.3—380.8 kg/ha potassium. Such consumptions suggest a serious competition for soil nutrients between grass vegetation and fruit trees. The available phosphorus and potassium content was independent of interrow dressing schemes. Inter-scheme differences did not exceed experimental bias due to presowing phosphorus and potassium application in reserve before trial. By first cutting, the nitrate nitrogen soil content in sodding schemes was 1.5-2-fold less vs. bare fallow, i.e. more nitrogen is used by vegetating grass, and its available forms recover slower than being consumed.

scholarly journals Assessment of surface and injection fertilization on various grass hybrids in grass-clover mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 557-563
Author(s):  
O. Kozlovský ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Hakl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Content ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Set Up

In a small-plot trial, grass hybrids Perseus (loloid) and Felina (festucoid) were compared in a mixture with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and their reactions to surface application of nitrogen fertilizers or injection into soil according to CULTAN method were investigated. Both fertilizer application methods were used with three levels of nitrogen. Mixtures containing the Felina hybrid had higher yields (12.1 t/ha) compared to the Perseus hybrid (11.0 t/ha), and they also showed higher clover abundance. Increasing dosage of nitrogen resulted in slightly higher yield, whereas the trend in clover abundance was opposite. Nitrogen injection resulted in slightly higher dry matter yields and slightly higher clover abundance as compared to surface fertilization. The N content in the grass-clover mixture was balanced for both types of fertilizer application and did not change significantly with increasing dosage of fertilizer. A slightly higher N content was observed at the Felina hybrid treatments; the dependence of this element on clover abundance in the mixture was set up to 50%.

scholarly journals Contents of macronutrients and growth of ‘BRS Marataoã’ cowpea fertigated with yellow water and cassava wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcísio Cabral de Araújo ◽  
Vera Lucia Antunes Lima ◽  
Jailton Garcia Ramos ◽  
Elysson Marcks Gonçalves Andrade ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cassava Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Reduction Of Costs

Agricultural utilization of yellow waters associated with cassava wastewater is a sustainable technique, since it allows reduction of costs related to acquisition of industrialized fertilizers and minimizes the environmental pollution caused by the inadequate disposal of these effluents. In this context, this study evaluated the macronutrient macronutrient content and growth of cowpea fertigated with yellow water associated with cassava wastewater and NPK as source of nutrients. The experiment was set up in a greenhouse located at Campus I of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of five treatments characterized by: fertigation with mineral fertilizers, in the form of NPK; organic fertigation composed of human urine, cassava wastewater, human urine plus cassava wastewater; and organo-mineral fertigation composed of urine, cassava wastewater and mineral phosphorus, with four replicates. At 36 days after sowing, the following parameters were determined: contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and the variables number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot fresh matter and shoot dry matter. The use of yellow waters promotes significant increases for growth and production variables for nitrogen and potassium contents mainly, as well as for growth and production variables. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher than the levels considered as adequate for the cowpea crop. The use of human urine and cassava wastewater have potential to meet the needs for the main macronutrients required by cowpea and the irrigation via fertigation with these biofertilizers positively influences the development of cowpea.

scholarly journals Variability and heritability coefficient of average dry matter content in onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Pavlovic ◽  
Dejan Cvikic ◽  
Milan Zdravkovic ◽  
Radisa Djordjevic ◽  
Slaven Prodanovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Factorial Trial ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Set Up

In order to research the variability of average dry matter content in onion bulbs, the trial has been set up on the experimental plot in the Centre for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka during 2000. and 2001. The trial has been performed by applying the method of random block design with five replicas. Ten cultivars of different geographical origin have been used. Examined characteristics were determined by applying the variance analysis of two-factorial trial - model 2. Hadzivukovic, 1991. The components of phenotype variance, genotype and phenotype coefficient of variance and heritability in broader sense have been calculated according to SINGH and CHAUDHARY (1976). The significant variability has been found for dry matter content in bulbs during both years of research. The researched trait had a greater genotype variance than out door conditions factor variance and the coefficient of phenotype variation greater than genetic variance coefficient. High percentage of genetic variability in total phenotype variability has been confirmed by high heritability. .

scholarly journals CASE STUDY INFORMATION REFLECTING FARMER USE OF PAWERA RED CLOVER IN NORTHERN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High

Low summer production in Northern Northland can be largely overcome by the use of 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover. Daily dry matter production of 100+ kg/ha/day over the penod late October to early March, have been recorded over two years. Yearly production of 22,OOOkg DM/ha in the first year, and 17,500 to 21,000 in the second year, have been recorded from pure stands of Pawera. This growth is of very high quality occurring at a tlmc when growth and quality of existing Rye or Kikuyu based pastures, are low. Potential problems from the use of Pawera are discussed. Keywords: Pawera red clover, quality, Northland, problems.

Four-year leys: the inclusion of red clover: first year management

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Summer Grazing

1. Two experiments have been carried out on the Cambridge University Farm to test the desirability of including late-flowering red clover in the seeds mixture in the case of a 4-year ley, and to compare grazing with cutting for hay in the first harvest year.2. The majority of the red clover survived for the first 2 years, during which it increased the yield of dry matter very markedly; it did not lead to any reduction of yield in the last 2 years. By producing an early cover of the ground red clover checked the encroachment of weeds; although it reduced the proportion of wild white clover in the herbage in the later years, the reduction was not serious.3. Where the young plants were well established at the time, and normal weather conditions were experienced, grazing was definitely preferable to cutting for hay during the first harvest year. Where the plants were slow in establishing themselves, and in a superlatively dry spring and summer, grazing checked the development of the sward too much, and cutting for hay gave much better results.

scholarly journals Heritability of Yield and Yield Components of Autochthonous Populations of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Željko Lakić ◽  
Vojo Radić
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
First Year ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Banja Luka

Examination of heritability of yield and yield components of autochthonous populations of Jerusalem artichoke was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute in Banja Luka during 2015 and 2016. The trials were set up in four replications with ten populations of Jerusalem artichoke in the late October 2014. During the study, the following parameters were observed: plant height, number of stems per plant/clone, stem thickness and dry matter yield per plant/clone. Population Razboj had the highest yield of dry matter per plant/clone. In the first year, the population of Irić bašta had the largest number of stems per plant/clone. Broad sense heritability for plant height and number of stems per plant/clone indicates intermediate hereditary traits. A significant positive genetic correlation between yield of dry matter and plant height was determined.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND LEVELS OF N, P AND K IN ROOTSTOCKS OF TAMARIND TREES USING ORGANIC SUBSTRATES AND DOSES OF PHOSPHORUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO CASTRO PEREIRA ◽  
JOSÉ MARIA DA COSTA ◽  
FRANCISCO MICKAEL DE MEDEIROS CÂMARA ◽  
WAGNER CÉSAR DE FARIAS ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate different organic substrates and phosphorus doses on the growth and leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rootstocks of Tamarindus indica L. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse nursery located on the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), from March to October 2013. The treatments consisted of three organic sources at a concentration of 40% (v/v) (bovine manure, goat manure and a commercial organic compound) and four doses of simple superphosphate (0, 0 kg m-3, 2.5 kg m-3, 5.0 kg m-3 and 7.5 kg m-3). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD), with 12 treatments (substrates), four replications and 10 plants per plot, totaling 480 plants. The goat manure and the organic compound were the most suitable treatments for the production of rootstocks of the tamarind tree. The maximum dose of 7.5 g kg-1 of simple superphosphate caused the highest levels of phosphorus and potassium in the dry mass of shoots. The nutrients in the dry matter of shoots accumulated in the following order: N > K > P.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF DRY MASS BY AGROPHYTOCENOSIS OF PERENNIAL GRASSES BASED ON TETRAPLOID RED CLOVER

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Ж.С. Нелюбина ◽  
Н.И. Касаткина ◽  
И.Ш. Фатыхов
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Timothy Grass

В полевом кормопроизводстве Среднего Предуралья основной кормовой культурой остается клевер луговой, который используется как в одновидовых, так и в поливидовых посевах. Особую ценность представляет клевер луговой тетраплоидного типа, так как он более урожайный, зимостойкий, устойчивый к болезням, обеспечивающий выход корма с высоким содержанием сырого протеина. Определение площади листьев, фотосинтетической активности, динамики накопления сухого вещества клевера лугового тетраплоидного в агрофитоценозах мало исследованы, но имеют практический интерес. В 2013-2017 гг. в Удмуртском НИИСХ УдмФИЦ УрО РАН на дерново-подзолистых почвах были изучены особенности формирования сухой массы агрофитоценозов многолетних трав на основе клевера лугового Кудесник. Для создания поливидовых агроценозов использовали тимофеевку луговую, люцерну изменчивую, лядвенец рогатый, козлятник восточный. Площадь листьев изменялась в зависимости от состава агрофитоценоза от 34,4 тыс. м2/га в фазе ветвления до 107,2 тыс. м2/га в фазе бутонизации. Основной вклад в формирование ассимиляционной поверхности травосмесей вносил клевер луговой – 66,7-92,4 %. Фотосинтетический потенциал был наибольшим – 948-1034 тыс. м2 х сут. /га в травосмесях клевер + тимофеевка, клевер + люцерна и в одновидовом посеве клевера. Определение динамики накопления сухого вещества показало, что в период «ветвление-бутонизация» происходил наибольший прирост сухого вещества. Сбор сухого вещества в эту фазу составил 525-647 г/м2, при этом в смешанных посевах данный показатель был существенно выше, чем в одновидовом посеве клевера. К фазе цветения произошло снижение сухого вещества до 474-618 г/м2. Урожайность сухой массы агрофитоценозов на 67-76 % формировалась за счет первого укоса. Наиболее продуктивной (4,7 т/га) в первом укосе была травосмесь клевера с тимофеевкой. In the field fodder production of the Middle Urals, red clover remains the main fodder crop, which is used both in single-species and polyspecies crops. The tetraploid type red clover is of particular value, as it is more productive, winter-hardy, disease-resistant, providing a feed yield with a high crude protein content. Determination of leaf area, photosynthetic activity, dynamics of accumulation of dry matter of red tetraploid clover in agrophytocenoses has been little studied, but of practical interest. In 2013-2017 In the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, on sod-podzolic soils, formation specifics of dry mass of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses based on Kudesnik red clover were studied. To create polyspecies agrocenoses, we used timothy grass, alfalfa, Lotus corniculatus, and Eastern galega. The leaf area varied depending on the composition of the agrophytocenosis from 34.4 thousand m2/ha in the branch stage to 107.2 thousand m2/ha in the flower bud stage. The main contribution to the formation of the assimilation surface of grass mixtures was made by red clover (66.7-92.4%). The photosynthetic potential was the highest (948-1034 thousand m2 x day/ha) in grass mixtures clover + timothy grass, clover + alfalfa and in single-species sowing of clover. Determination of the dynamics of the accumulation of dry matter showed that in the branch-bud period there was the greatest increase in dry matter. The yield of dry matter in this stage was 525-647 g/m2, while in mixed crops this indicator was significantly higher than in single-species clover crops. By the flowering stage, the dry matter decreased to 474-618 g/m2. The yield of dry matter of agrophytocenoses was 67-76% formed due to the first mow. The most productive (4.7 t/ha) in the first mow was a mixture of clover with timothy grass.

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