Effect of saline water irrigation and seed inoculation with rhizobium on nodulation and leghemoglobin content in fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-greacum L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu . Kumari ◽  
Alka . Singh ◽  
S K Sharma ◽  
Vibha . Bhardwaj ◽  
Narendra . Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

The present study was undertaken to know the effects of salinity on nodulation and leghemoglobin content in two cultivars (NDM-17 and Pusa Kasauri) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-greacum L.) treated with rhizobium. The pot experiments were conducted following completely randomized block design method. Two sets of pots were maintained with one set treated with rhizobium and other without. The sets were irrigated with saline water of different electrical conductivities (0.2, 3.2, 6.2, 7.2, 10.2, 12.2 and 14.2 dSm-1) created with NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3 and CaCl2 salts. Observations on nodules number, weight and leghemoglobin content were recorded 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing . The nodules growth decreased with increasing levels of salinity. Seeds treated with rhizobium ameliorated the deleterious effect of salinity at all levels besides improving the fertility of soil and growth of root nodules by nitrogen fixation. Present findings revealed that maximum number, weight and leghemoglobin content in cv. NDM-17 was higher as compared to cv. Pusa Kasauri in both treated and non-treated with rhizobium indicating it be the tolerant of the two cultivars.

scholarly journals Morphophysiology of Tahiti lime grafted onto Sunki mandarin hybrids under salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 598-606
Author(s):  
Luderlândio A. Silva ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Pedro D. Fernandes ◽  
Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽  
Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the growth and physiology of citrus scion/rootstock combinations irrigated with saline water until the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters with capacity for 150 dm3, in randomized block design in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme, corresponding to two electrical conductivities of water (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 3.0 dS m-1) and ten scion/rootstock combinations (nine hybrids and one commercial variety) grafted with Tahiti lime, in three repetitions and one plant per plot. Grafted seedlings were transplanted one year after sowing, subjected to salt stress from 15 days after transplanting until the pre-flowering period, and evaluated for gas exchanges and growth. The irrigation with 3.0 dS m-1 saline water did not influence the photosynthetic activity of the studied citrus scion/rootstock combinations until the pre-flowering. The genotype Santa Cruz Rangpur lime (LCRSTC) was more sensitive to irrigation water salinity in terms of growth. The least sensitive combinations to salinity were Tahiti lime grafted onto TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 and TSKFL x TRBK - 30.

scholarly journals Physiology in Talisia esculenta seedlings under irrigation with saline water on substrate with hydrogel

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-774
Author(s):  
Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽  
◽  
Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽  
Raiff Ramos Almeida Nascimento ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

Salinity interferes in the physiology of seedlings from germination and seedling emergence, so it is necessary to adopt measures to mitigate its effects. The objectives of this research were to evaluate irrigation frequency, saline water, polymer, and container volume in the emergence and physiology of Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. The treatments were obtained from the combination of polymer doses (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0; and 1.2 g dm-3), electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.3; 1, 1; 2.7; 4.3; and 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments to assess the volume of the container. A randomized block design was used. Emergence and leaf indices of chlorophyll, fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed 100 days after sowing. The increase in electrical conductivity reduced and delayed seedling emergence. Decreasing irrigation frequency reduced the chlorophyll b index, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and carboxylation efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of electrical conductivity of water and polymer were associated with the frequency of irrigation. However, both salinity and polymer reduced practically all physiological variables. The reduction in container volume also affected the physiology of the seedlings, with more effects when irrigated on alternate days. The T. esculenta seedlings are considered sensitive to salinity, should be irrigated daily with water with less electrical conductivity than 1.0 dS m-1, as well as higher capacity containers used (0.75 vs 1.30 dm3).

scholarly journals Growth and yield of colored-fiber cotton grown under salt stress and nitrogen fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Adaan S. Dias ◽  
Lauriane A. dos A. Soares ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Sensitive Variable

ABSTRACT This research was conducted in order to evaluate the growth and production of colored-fiber cotton, cv. ‘BRS Rubi’, irrigated with water of different salinities and nitrogen (N) doses. The experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters filled with soil material from an eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with sandy-loam texture under greenhouse conditions in Campina Grande, PB. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design and the treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water salinity with the following electrical conductivities - ECw (5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 9.1 dS m-1), combined with five N doses - ND (65; 100; 135; 170; 205 mg of N kg-1 of soil), distributed in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme with three replicates. The growth of the cotton cv. ‘BRS Rubi’ was negatively affected by irrigation with saline water, and the leaf area was the most sensitive variable; the highest production of seed cotton and number of bolls per plant were obtained using water of 5.1 dS m-1 and N dose of 170 mg kg-1.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological responses of table beet irrigated with saline water under application of humic substances

2021 ◽  
pp. 970-976
Author(s):  
Leandra de Melo Cavalcante Sousa ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias ◽  
Lunara de Sousa Alves ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Ygor Henrique Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The use of saline water is an alternative for irrigating agricultural crops, especially in the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region, where water quality is limited in most cases. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of table beet cv. “Wonder” irrigated with saline waters under the application of humic substances. The experiment was conducted under a randomized block design, with six replications in a 6 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to six electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-¹, four humic substances rates (HS) (0; 10; 20 and 30 ml per plant), and five stages of assessment (23, 38, 53, 68 and 83 days after emergency). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content (a, b and total), stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis and CO2 internal concentration, and in the soil, the soil pH and the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract. The increase of salinity reduced growth, chlorophyll a content, and the stomatal conductance of beet plants. The application rate of 30 ml per plant of humic substances promotes an increase in stomatal conductance. The application of humic substances raises the pH in sandy acidic soils. It is recommended to irrigate table beet plants with water of 0.5 dS m-1 associated with the application of 30 mL per plant of humic substances

scholarly journals Formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock under saline water irrigation and nitrogen doses

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro de P. Souza ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Evandro M. da Silva ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Francisco W. A. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
N Dose

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and formation of fresh and dry weight of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock irrigated with waters of different saline levels and nitrogen (N) doses, in an experiment conducted in plastic tubes under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the N dose recommended for the cultivation of guava seedlings, cv. ‘Paluma’). The dose referring to 100% corresponds to 773 mg of N dm-3. The highest growth of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock was obtained with ECw of 0.3 dS m-1 and fertilization of 541.1 mg N dm-3 of soil; increasing N doses did not reduce the deleterious effect of the salt stress on the growth and phytomass formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock; irrigation with water of up to 1.75 dS m-1, in the production of guava rootstocks, promotes acceptable reduction of 10% in growth and quality of the seedlings.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Campuran dan Rasio Bahan Pembentuk Komposit terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Syah Banu Putra Sitepu ◽  
Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono ◽  
Amna Hartiati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test

This research aims to determine the effect of the mixture and the ratio of the composites and their interactions to the characteristics of the bioplastic composites and to determine the mix and ratio of the composites that produce the best characteristics of the bioplastic composites. The experimental design of this study used a randomized block design method. Factor I is a mixture of composite materials consisting of maizena-glucomannan, maizena-chitosan, and maizena-carrageenan. The second factor is the ratio of the composite material mixture which consists of 5 levels, namely 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0: 100. The experiment resulted in 15 treatment combinations and were grouped into 2 groups when the process of making bioplastic composites was obtained, so that 30 experimental units were obtained. Data were analyzed for their diversity and continued with Duncan's multiple comparison test. The observed variables which tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus young, swelling, and biodegradation time. The results showed that the mixture and the ratio of the composites forming a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity, and swelling. The interaction has a very significant effect on tensile strength, elasticity and swelling and significantly affects the elongation at break of bioplastic composites. Meanwhile, the mixture and the ratio of the ingredients to form the composites had no significant effect on the biodegradation time. Maizena:glucomannan composite with ratio (25:75) produced the best characteristics of bioplastic composites with tensile strength values of 6.99 MPa, elongation at break of 16.5%, elasticity 42.39 MPa, swelling 78.78% and biodegradable time of 7 days. There are 2 variables that have met the standard, namely: elongation at break of bioplastic composites that meet the plastic Standard SNI 7188.7: 2016 and biodegradation time has met the international plastic standard ASTM 5336 and 3 variables that do not meet the standards, namely: Tensile strength (6,99 MPa) and elasticity (42,39 MPa) do not meet the Plastic Standard SNI 7188.7: 2016 and swelling (39,1%) does not meet international plastic standards (EN 317). Keywords : bioplastic composites, maizena, glucomannan, chitosan, carrageenan

scholarly journals The Response of Fordhook Giant / Swisschard (Beta vulgaris var Cicla) and Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Spinach Vegetables to Irrigation with Saline Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. V. Dlamini ◽  
M. T. Masarirambi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University

Saline irrigation water is becoming an important water source as fresh water is fast becoming a scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.  A study to test the response of two varieties of spinach (fordhook giant and mustard) to salinity was conducted in a field pot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini.  The treatments were laid in a randomized block design (RCBD).  The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated twelve times.  Treatments were salinity levels of 0.0 dS/m, 1.5 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 3.5 dS/m.  All the treatments were subjected to similar agronomic practices. Spinach was grown and observed for a period of five weeks.  Plant height was measured and the number of leaves counted weekly throughout the experiment. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between salinity treatments were obtained for plant height beginning in week 2 but were more pronounced in week 3, 4 and week 5.  No significant differences were obtained for the number of leaves.  There were however, clear significant differences between spinach irrigated with none saline irrigation water compared to saline irrigation water.   It was concluded that irrigating spinach with saline water of more than 2.0 dS/m drastically reduce plant growth but not the number of leaves under the conditions of the experiment.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE, CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS AND GROWTH OF PASSION FRUIT CULTIVATED WITH SALINE WATER AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
COSMO GUSTAVO JACOME FERNANDES ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
PEDRO DANTAS FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Chloroplast Pigments ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fruit Plants

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, chloroplast pigments and growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the seedling formation stage. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used in 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium - KD (50 and 100% of the recommendation), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the stomatal opening, transpiration, CO2 assimilation and inhibited the growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit plants, at 40 days after sowing. There was no CO2 restriction in the substomatal cavity of passion fruit plants grown under water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1. Potassium dose of 150 mg kg-1 of soil, corresponding to 100%, intensified the effect of salt stress on the assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit. There was interaction between water salinity levels and potassium doses for the chlorophyll a and b contents of 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit.

scholarly journals Organic fertilization to attenuate water salinity effect on papaya growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mônica S. da S. Sousa ◽  
Vera L. A. de Lima ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Luderlândio de A. Silva ◽  
Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Management Alternatives

ABSTRACT The salinity of water and soil reduces the growth and production of crops, especially the fruit trees, such as papaya. Thus, it is necessary to obtain management alternatives for cultivation under these conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and phytomass of papaya cultivated under irrigation with saline water and organic fertilization. An experiment was set up using a randomized block design, with the treatments distributed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of five levels of salinity of irrigation water (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and two levels of organic fertilization (10 and 20 L of bovine manure per plant), with three replications, totaling thirty experimental plots. Growth variables of papaya were evaluated. Papaya plants were negatively affected by irrigation water salinity, with a greater effect on the number of leaves and on dry phytomass of leaves, with no effect of bovine manure levels.

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