scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on growth and biomass accumulation in Valeriana jatamansi Jones. under different nutrient status in the western Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
MUNISH KAUNDAL ◽  
RAKESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Valeriana Jatamansi

Valeriana jatamansi is an important medicinal and aromatic plant used as sedative in modern  and traditional medicines butthere is dearth of literature regarding how elevated CO2 and temperature affect on this plant. Therefore,an experiment was conducted to study the effect of elevated CO2 (550±50 µmol mol-1) and elevated temperature (2.5±0.5°C above ambient) and vermicompost on growth, phenology and biomass accumulation in V. jatamansi under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) and Free Air TemperatureIncrement (FATI) facilities at Palampur, India, during 2013-2015. Growth parameters and biomass accumulation into different parts were observed at 4, 12 and 16 months after exposure (MAE). Plant height, total dry biomass and leaf area plant -1 increased in elevated CO2 treatment applied with vermicompost as compared to the other treatments. Elevated CO2 significantly enhanced leaf area (3.5-23.5%), leaf biomass (12.7-33.2%), stem (15.3-15.6%), root (3.2-72.5%), rhizome (2.1-42.2%) and total biomass (7.7-52.7%), whereas elevated temperature increased aboveground biomass (15.0-45.3%), belowground biomass (11.6-55.5%) and total biomass (12.4-7.9%), respectively, as compared to ambient. Phenological stages were advanced by 1.2-3.9 days under FACE and FATI as compared to ambient. The results indicate that aboveground, belowground and total biomass increased under elevated CO2 and elevated temperature as compared to ambient. 

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of the CO2 Enrichment and Nitrogen Supply on the Biomass Accumulation, Gas Exchange Properties, and Mineral Elements Concentrations in Cucumber Plants at Different Growth Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Li ◽  
Jinlong Dong ◽  
Nazim S. Gruda ◽  
Wenying Chu ◽  
Zengqiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Concentration Changes

The concentration changes of mineral elements in plants at different CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and nitrogen (N) supplies and the mechanisms which control such changes are not clear. Hydroponic trials on cucumber plants with three [CO2] (400, 625, and 1200 μmol mol−1) and five N supply levels (2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 mmol L−1) were conducted. When plants were in high N supply, the increase in total biomass by elevated [CO2] was 51.7% and 70.1% at the seedling and initial fruiting stages, respectively. An increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by more than 60%, a decrease in stomatal conductance (Gs) by 21.2–27.7%, and a decrease in transpiration rate (Tr) by 22.9–31.9% under elevated [CO2] were also observed. High N supplies could further improve the Pn and offset the decrease of Gs and Tr by elevated [CO2]. According to the mineral concentrations and the correlation results, we concluded the main factors affecting these changes. The dilution effect was the main factor driving the reduction of all mineral elements, whereas Tr also had a great impact on the decrease of [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] except [P]. In addition, the demand changes of N, Ca, and Mg influenced the corresponding element concentrations in cucumber plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Restricted Watering and CO2 Enrichment in the Morphology and Performance after Transplanting of Nursery-grown Pinus nigra Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Biel ◽  
Robert Savé ◽  
Abdessamad Habrouk ◽  
Josep Maria Espelta ◽  
Javier Retana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Water Treatments

Extensive areas occupied by Pinus nigra forests in Spain have burned in recent years. Recovery of these forests depends upon reforestation. In this study, we analyze the combined effects of different treatments of water restriction and air enrichment with CO2 in the nursery as a means to increase hardening and vigor of P. nigra seedlings of various ages (recently germinated, 1- and 2-year-old) and their post-transplant performance in a burned area. In all cases, 2-year-old seedlings showed the highest specific leaf weight and low cuticular transpiration rates. CO2 enrichment increased total biomass, leaf biomass and leaf area of seedlings while water restriction decreased leaf area, leaf biomass, and stem biomass, without any significant interaction between both experimental factors. Younger (recently germinated and 1-year-old) seedlings showed a larger relative response to the experimental factors than 2-year-old seedlings. After transplanting, the previous CO2 and water treatments did not affect seedling survival, but 2-year-old seedlings showed the lowest mortality rates.

Intraspecific variation in leaf growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under Australian Grain Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE): is it regulated through carbon and/or nitrogen supply?

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chamindathee L. Thilakarathne ◽  
Sabine Tausz-Posch ◽  
Karen Cane ◽  
Robert M. Norton ◽  
Glenn J. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air

Underlying physiological mechanisms of intraspecific variation in growth response to elevated CO2 concentration [CO2] were investigated using two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: Yitpi and H45. Leaf blade elongation rate (LER), leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N) in the expanding leaf blade (ELB, sink) and photosynthesis (A) and C and N status in the last fully expanded leaf blade (LFELB, source) were measured. Plants were grown at ambient [CO2] (~384µmolmol–1) and elevated [CO2] (~550µmolmol–1) in the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility. Elevated [CO2] increased leaf area and total dry mass production, respectively, by 42 and 53% for Yitpi compared with 2 and 13% for H45. Elevated [CO2] also stimulated the LER by 36% for Yitpi compared with 5% for H45. Yitpi showed a 99% increase in A at elevated [CO2] but no A stimulation was found for H45. There was a strong correlation (r2=0.807) between LER of the ELB and soluble carbohydrate concentration in LFELB. In ELB, the highest spatial N concentration was observed in the cell division zone, where N concentrations were 67.3 and 60.6mg g–1 for Yitpi compared with 51.1 and 39.2mg g–1 for H45 at ambient and elevated [CO2]. In contrast, C concentration increased only in the cell division and cell expansion zone of the ELB of Yitpi. These findings suggest that C supply from the source (LFELB) is cultivar dependent and well correlated with LER, leaf area expansion and whole-plant growth response to elevated [CO2].

scholarly journals Study on Growth Characteristics of Some Brassica Species under Moisture Stress and Elevated Carbondioxide

2020 ◽  
pp. 373-389
Author(s):  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Enrichment ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
North West ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Free Air

Brassica juncea and Brassica campestries is two important oil seed crop of North-West India experiences intermittent moisture stress during its growing period. Thus a study was carried out to ameliorate the moisture stress through elevated CO2 applying Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology. The consequences of CO2 enrichment were related to the rate of accelerated photosynthesis under both irrigated and moisture stress situation with significant decreases in stomatal conductance. The elevated CO2 brought about a significant enhancement in all the plant growth parameters studied, and also ameliorates the of moisture stress. The carbon dioxide enrichment improves the productivity of Brassica cultivars viz. ‘Pusa Gold’ and ‘RH-30’ through changes in various yield attributes and also nullifying the adverse effect of moisture stress.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2434
Author(s):  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
Saud S. Al-amri ◽  
Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi ◽  
Wahida H. AL-Qahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO2 (eCO2) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO2 and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO2 conditions (ambient CO2 (a CO2, 400 ± 27 μmol CO2 mol−1 air) and eCO2, 620 ± 42 μmol CO2 mol−1 air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO2-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO2 enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO2, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO2 enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO2-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO2 treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO2 provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.

Elevated CO2 in semi-arid cropping systems: A synthesis of research from the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE) research program

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-73
Author(s):  
Glenn J. Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Roger Armstrong ◽  
Joe Panozzo ◽  
Piotr Trębicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 (free-air CO2 enrichment) increases grain yield of aluminium-resistant but not aluminium-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in an acid soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Dong ◽  
Stephen Grylls ◽  
James Hunt ◽  
Roger Armstrong ◽  
Emmanuel Delhaize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air

scholarly journals High sink strength prevents photosynthetic down-regulation in cassava grown at elevated CO2 concentration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula M Ruiz-Vera ◽  
Amanda P De Souza ◽  
Michael R Ament ◽  
Roslyn M Gleadow ◽  
Donald R Ort
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Abstract Cassava has the potential to alleviate food insecurity in many tropical regions, yet few breeding efforts to increase yield have been made. Improved photosynthetic efficiency in cassava has the potential to increase yields, but cassava roots must have sufficient sink strength to prevent carbohydrates from accumulating in leaf tissue and suppressing photosynthesis. Here, we grew eight farmer-preferred African cassava cultivars under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) to evaluate the sink strength of cassava roots when photosynthesis increases due to elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). Relative to the ambient treatments, elevated [CO2] treatments increased fresh (+27%) and dry (+37%) root biomass, which was driven by an increase in photosynthesis (+31%) and the absence of photosynthetic down-regulation over the growing season. Moreover, intrinsic water use efficiency improved under elevated [CO2] conditions, while leaf protein content and leaf and root cyanide concentrations were not affected. Overall, these results suggest that higher cassava yields can be expected as atmospheric [CO2] increases over the coming decades. However, there were cultivar differences in the partitioning of resources to roots versus above-grown biomass; thus, the particular responses of each cultivar must be considered when selecting candidates for improvement.

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