Assessment of median lethal dose and anti-mutagenic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract against chemically induced micronucleus formation in Swiss albino mice

AbstractIonizing radiation which results in the free radical formation and it leads to damage of biological macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids. 36 male Swiss albino mice were used for survival assay, to find out the lethal dose of Electron Beam Radiation. It was found to be 10Gy was the lethal dose for mice. Different dosages (4Gy, 6Gy and 8Gy) of electron beam radiation were used to study the micronucleus formation in irradiated mice. The results showed micronucleus formation will increase linearly with radiation dosage.

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Evaluation of Anticlastogenic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract against Cyclophosphamide induced Chromosomal aberration in Swiss albino Mice

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.7324/japs.2015.50621 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 127-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Varsha Sharma ◽

R. Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Chromosomal Aberration ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Root Extract ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice

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Atherosclerotic Regulation of Asparagus racemosus Root Extract on Lipid Profile in Male Swiss Albino Mice, Subjected to Inorganic Lead Compound

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/267 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Veena Sharma ◽

Ritu Bala Verma ◽

Shatruhan Sharma

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Root Extract ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Lead Compound ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Inorganic Lead ◽

Albino Mice

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In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116685888 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1270-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P Kumar ◽

D Swami ◽

DP Nagar ◽

KP Singh ◽

J Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Control Group ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Brain Ache Activity ◽

Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

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Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract ofArtemisia afraon Alloxan Induced Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/752486 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Idris Ahmed Issa ◽

Mohammed Hussen Bule

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Antidiabetic Effect ◽

Albino Mice

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic syndrome that causes disability, early death, and many other complications. Currently insulin and many synthetic drugs are used in diabetes treatment. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are too expensive particularly for sub-Saharan population in addition to their undesirable side effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic effect and toxicity level ofArtemisia afrawhich was collected from its natural habitat in Bale Zone, around Goba town, 455 km southeast of Addis Ababa. Air dried aerial parts ofArtemisia afrawere separately extracted with both distilled water and 95% methanol. Oral acute toxicity test was conducted on healthy Swiss albino mice. Antidiabetic effect of the aqueous and methanolic extracts ofArtemisia afrawas separately evaluated on alloxan induced diabetic mice at doses of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally. The results indicate that mean lethal dose (LD50) for aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas 9833.4 mg/Kg. Blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 24% (p<0.005) and 56.9% (p<0.0004) in groups that received aqueous extract ofArtemisia afraat dose of 500 mg/Kg and 750 mg/Kg, respectively. The methanolic extract ofArtemisia afraalso significantly lowered blood glucose by 49.8% (p<0.0001) at doses of 1000 mg/kg on the 5th hr. Aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas regarded as nontoxic and safe since its LD50was found above 5000 mg/Kg. Aqueous extract showed higher effect at relatively lower dose as compared to methanolic extract. The aqueous extract was screened positive for phytochemicals like flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins that were reported to have antioxidant activity.

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Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of pristine molybdenum disulphide nanosheets in Swiss albino mice

10.1101/2021.05.07.443109 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Preeti S Saxena ◽

Umakant Yadav ◽

Himanshu Mishra ◽

Vimal Singh ◽

Anchal Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Culture Media ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Significant Alteration ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Study Results ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Albino Mice

The Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2-NSs) thin films has received increasing attention recently due to their versatile multi functionality including catalytic properties, photoluminescence and flexibility, which suggests their future, uses for biomedical applications. However, there are no studies in detail related with biocompatibility of MoS2 thin sheets. Here, weevaluated the dose-dependent effects of MoS2-NSs on cell viability (MTT assay) and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into culture media using MG-63 cells, as well as haemolysis, hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidants and histopathological parameters in Swiss albino mice. The MoS2-NSs was synthesized via facile hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. The in vitro study results suggest that at lower concentration MoS2-NSs does not causes any toxicity. The lethal dose (LD50) was evaluated by intraperitoneal administration with different concentrations and estimated as ~1.0 mg kg-1. The higher dose (1.5 mg kg-1) of MoS2-NSs showed significant alteration in hematological markers and serum biochemical enzymes, as compared to control. Lipid peroxidation also shows significant alteration with respect to the control. Histopathological, hematological and biochemical examination, revealed no remarkable changes at lower concentration (less than 1.0 mg kg-1), however, higher concentration (1.5 mg kg-1) causes significant histopathological, antioxidants and biochemical alterations in tissues and serum, respectively. The results suggest that the lower concentration of MoS2-NSs can be used in future biomedical applications.

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Phytochemistry and Toxicity of Methanol Root Extract of Costus lucanusianus

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2020/v22i330160 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Hope Delesi Kagbo ◽

Lilian Ayagogo Gospel

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Plant Root ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Root Extract ◽

Common Belief ◽

Cell Parameters ◽

Median Lethal Dose ◽

Liver And Kidney

Costus lucanusianus (ginger lily or monkey sugarcane) is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat various ailments in tropical Africa. The leaves, stem and sometimes the root have been exploited for this purpose. However, it is a common belief in the Niger Delta of Nigeria that the root is poisonous. This study investigated the phytochemical and acute toxicity profiles of the methanol root extract of the plant. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures to test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, triterpenoids/steroids and carbohydrates. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using the Arithmetic method of Reed and Muench. This was followed by haematologic, liver and kidney functionality assays at doses of 14, 29 and 58 mg/kg of the methanol root extract. The result obtained showed that the extract contained flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and steroids among others, but anthraquinones and alkaloids were not present. The median lethal dose (LD50) value obtained for the extract was 288 mg/kg. The haematologic assay showed significant, p<0.001, dose-dependent decrease in red blood cell parameters and also some white blood cell parameters (such as white blood cell, neutrophil, monocytes and eosinophil counts). Furthermore, the serum levels of the liver enzymes, electrolytes (except K+), urea and creatinine increased significantly as the doses increased. From the foregoing, it could be concluded that the root of Costus lucanusianus is toxic to the kidney and liver and could be a blood poison (hemotoxic). This confirms the ethnobotanical belief that this part of the plant (root) is poisonous.

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Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Afar Region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2019/4519298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sibhatu Gebrehiwot ◽

Mohammed Shumbahri ◽

Amelework Eyado ◽

Tilahun Yohannes

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice

The objective of the present study was to investigate phytochemical components, antiplasmodial activity (in vivo) and evaluate the toxicity of two local medicinal plants, namely, Salvadora persica L. and Balanites rotundifolia (Van Tiegh.) used in Afar ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria. In this study, phytochemical screening has been done using standard methods and the existence of antiplasmodial compounds was detected in these plant extracts. Four-day Peter’s test was used to determine parasite inhibition, PCV was determined by Wintrob’s method, and effects against loss of body weight and improvements on survival time were determined. LD50s of the crude extracts have been also done. Acute toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out in Swiss albino mice prior to antimalarial activity test. All extracts revealed no obvious acute toxicities on mice up to the highest (5000mg/kg) dose given. The crude extract was estimated to have oral median lethal dose higher than 5,000 mg/kg. With the 4-day suppressive test, both plant extracts demonstrated dose-dependent significant reduction in parasitemia level at all test doses compared to the negative control: in the extract of B. rotundifolia 500 mg/kg extract (60.59±3.25%), 350 mg/kg extract (48.1±1.4), and 200 mg/kg extract (41.33±1.1%) were found. And in case of S. Persica 500 mg/kg extract (50.6±4.01%), 350 mg/kg extract (35.85±0.89), and 200 mg/kg extract (27.69±1.14%) were found. The results of this study provide support for the traditional therapeutic value and the reported antimalarial activity.

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