scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Afar Region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibhatu Gebrehiwot ◽  
Mohammed Shumbahri ◽  
Amelework Eyado ◽  
Tilahun Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

The objective of the present study was to investigate phytochemical components, antiplasmodial activity (in vivo) and evaluate the toxicity of two local medicinal plants, namely, Salvadora persica L. and Balanites rotundifolia (Van Tiegh.) used in Afar ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria. In this study, phytochemical screening has been done using standard methods and the existence of antiplasmodial compounds was detected in these plant extracts. Four-day Peter’s test was used to determine parasite inhibition, PCV was determined by Wintrob’s method, and effects against loss of body weight and improvements on survival time were determined. LD50s of the crude extracts have been also done. Acute toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out in Swiss albino mice prior to antimalarial activity test. All extracts revealed no obvious acute toxicities on mice up to the highest (5000mg/kg) dose given. The crude extract was estimated to have oral median lethal dose higher than 5,000 mg/kg. With the 4-day suppressive test, both plant extracts demonstrated dose-dependent significant reduction in parasitemia level at all test doses compared to the negative control: in the extract of B. rotundifolia 500 mg/kg extract (60.59±3.25%), 350 mg/kg extract (48.1±1.4), and 200 mg/kg extract (41.33±1.1%) were found. And in case of S. Persica 500 mg/kg extract (50.6±4.01%), 350 mg/kg extract (35.85±0.89), and 200 mg/kg extract (27.69±1.14%) were found. The results of this study provide support for the traditional therapeutic value and the reported antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vivo antimalarial activity of extracts from three medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Bankole ◽  
A. A. Adekunle ◽  
A. A. Sowemimo ◽  
C. E Umebese ◽  
O Abiodun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
D Swami ◽  
DP Nagar ◽  
KP Singh ◽  
J Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽  
Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽  
Jibril Seid Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vivo antipyretic activity of the aqueous extracts of three Moroccan medicinal plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Hajjaj ◽  
Aziz Bahlouli ◽  
Karima Sayah ◽  
Mouna Tajani ◽  
Yahia Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Antipyretic Activity

Objective: In this study, the antipyretic effect of different extracts obtained from Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC), Ormenis mixta L. (OM) and Pistacia atlantica DESF. (PA) was investigated experimentally in rats.Methods: Antipyretic activity of aqueous extracts was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia method. The antipyretic effect was retained in all extracts tested and was comparable to that of paracetamol used as the standard drug negative control group (distilled water). The extracts were also phytochemically screened for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones.Results: Treatment with aqueous extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p≤0.05) reaction of pyrexia in rodents. The results suggest that this Moroccan medicinal plants possesses potent antipyretic activity. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and quinons which may responsible for this activity. However, anthraquinones were absent in all plants and alkaloids from PA.Conclusions: This study might be the first formal report on antipyretic effects of these three plants in Morocco.

scholarly journals In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Clement Olusoji Ajayi ◽  
Anthony Adebolu Elujoba ◽  
Hedmon Okella ◽  
Joseph Oloro ◽  
Atwine Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Laboratory Report ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Positive Controls

Aim: Medicinal plants have played an important role in the treatment of different ailments including malaria in developing countries particularly in Africa. This study has evaluated the antimalarial activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poaceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Grey (Asteraceae) and Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) which are commonly-used for malaria treatment in Uganda. Study Design: This is an experimental laboratory report on antimalarial activities of some Ugandan medicinal plants for subsequent profiling in an herbal pharmacopoeia and eventual drug development. Place and Duration of Study: The Animal Research Facility and the Clinical and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, between July 2019 and March 2020. Methodology: The antimalarial activity of the hot infusion of each leaf was evaluated on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice using 4-day test at 100 – 400 mg/kg with chloroquine (10 mg/kg) and artemether-lumefantrine (4 mg/kg) as positive controls; and distilled water as negative control. The observed haematological responses of the animals were determined with an automated haematometer. Results: The results showed dose-dependent activities in the animals treated with the extract of each plant leaf in varying degrees. Thus, V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia showed the highest antimalarial activities with the chemosuppression values of 75% and 66% at 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results of V. amygdalina, T. diversifolia and M. oleifera, extracts gave the lowest ED50 of 141, 195 and 231 mg/kg, respectively being significantly different from A. indica (ED50 319 mg/kg) and C. citratus (ED50 346 mg/kg) with V. amygdalina as the most potent extract among the five plant leaves. Conclusion: The observed activities of the five plants have therefore supported their folkloric uses as antimalarial remedies by the Ugandan traditional medicine practitioners with obvious potentials for drug development.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Effect of Artemisia Afra Plant Extracts on the Liver, Kidney, Spleen and in Vivo Antimalarial Assay on Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ndeye Fatou Kane ◽  
Mutinda Cleophas Kyama ◽  
Joseph Kangethe Nganga ◽  
Ahmed Hassanali ◽  
Mouhamadou Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Albino Mice

In Vivo antimalarial activity of aqueous extracts from Kenyan medicinal plants and their Chloroquine (CQ) potentiation effects against a blood-induced CQ-resistant rodent parasite in mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis W. Muregi ◽  
Akira Ishih ◽  
Tohru Suzuki ◽  
Hideto Kino ◽  
Teruaki Amano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

scholarly journals Assessment of Antimalarial Activity againstPlasmodium falciparumand Phytochemical Screening of Some Yemeni Medicinal Plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Alshawsh ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana ◽  
Hassan A. Al-shamahy ◽  
Salah F. Alsllami ◽  
Ulrike Lindequist
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cissus Rotundifolia ◽  
Health Organization

Developing countries, where malaria is one of the most prevalent diseases, still rely on traditional medicine as a source for the treatment of this disease. In the present study, six selected plants (Acalypha fruticosa,Azadirachta indica,Cissus rotundifolia,Echium rauwalfii,Dendrosicyos socotranaandBoswellia elongata) commonly used in Yemen by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria as well as other diseases, were collected from different localities of Yemen, dried and extracted with methanol and water successfully. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was evaluated against fresh clinical isolates ofPlasmodium falciparum. The selectivity parameters to evaluate the efficacy of these medicinal plants were measured byin vitromicro test (Mark III) according to World Health Organization (WHO) 1996 & WHO 2001 protocols of antimalarial drug tests. Among the investigated 12 extracts, three were found to have significant antiplasmodial activity with IC50values less than 4 µg/ml, namely the water extracts ofA. fruticosa,A. indicaandD. socotrana. Six extracts showed moderate activity with IC50values ranging from 10 to 30 µg/ml and three appeared to be inactive with IC50values more than 30 µg/ml. In addition, preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic and aqueous extracts indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides and peptides.

In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nyirenda ◽  
Gershom B. Lwanga ◽  
Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽  
David K. Chuba ◽  
Gibson M. Sijumbila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

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