scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of pristine molybdenum disulphide nanosheets in Swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti S Saxena ◽  
Umakant Yadav ◽  
Himanshu Mishra ◽  
Vimal Singh ◽  
Anchal Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Albino Mice

The Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2-NSs) thin films has received increasing attention recently due to their versatile multi functionality including catalytic properties, photoluminescence and flexibility, which suggests their future, uses for biomedical applications. However, there are no studies in detail related with biocompatibility of MoS2 thin sheets. Here, weevaluated the dose-dependent effects of MoS2-NSs on cell viability (MTT assay) and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into culture media using MG-63 cells, as well as haemolysis, hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidants and histopathological parameters in Swiss albino mice. The MoS2-NSs was synthesized via facile hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. The in vitro study results suggest that at lower concentration MoS2-NSs does not causes any toxicity. The lethal dose (LD50) was evaluated by intraperitoneal administration with different concentrations and estimated as ~1.0 mg kg-1. The higher dose (1.5 mg kg-1) of MoS2-NSs showed significant alteration in hematological markers and serum biochemical enzymes, as compared to control. Lipid peroxidation also shows significant alteration with respect to the control. Histopathological, hematological and biochemical examination, revealed no remarkable changes at lower concentration (less than 1.0 mg kg-1), however, higher concentration (1.5 mg kg-1) causes significant histopathological, antioxidants and biochemical alterations in tissues and serum, respectively. The results suggest that the lower concentration of MoS2-NSs can be used in future biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Made from Gelatin and Nano Bioactive Glass for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 096369351001900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mozafari ◽  
F. Moztarzadeh ◽  
M. Rabiee ◽  
M. Azami ◽  
N. Nezafati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffold ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds ◽  
First Time

In this research, macroporous, mechanically competent and bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds have been fabricated from cross-linked gelatine (Gel) and nano bioactive glass (nBG) through layer solvent casting combined with freeze-drying and lamination techniques. This study has developed a new composition to produce a new bioactive nanocomposite which is porous with interconnected microstructure, pore sizes are 200-500 μm, porosity are 72%-86%. Also, we have reported formation of chemical bonds between nBG and Gel for the first time. Finally, the in vitro cytocompatability of the scaffolds was assessed using MTT assay and cell attachment study. Results indicated no sign of toxicity and cells found to be attached to the pore walls offered by the scaffolds. These results suggested that the developed nanocomposite scaffold possess the prerequisites for bone tissue engineering scaffolds and it can be used for tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Effects of AlbuminIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek S. Wheeler ◽  
John S. Giuliano ◽  
Patrick M. Lahni ◽  
Alvin Denenberg ◽  
Hector R. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Assay ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Dose Dependent

Albumin appears to have proinflammatory effectsin vitro. We hypothesized that albumin would induce a state of tolerance to subsequent administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)in vitroandin vivo. RAW264.7 and primary peritoneal macrophages were treated with increasing doses of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and harvested for NF-κB luciferase reporter assay or TNF-αELISA. In separate experiments, RAW264.7 cells were preconditioned with 1 mg/mL BSA for 18 h prior to LPS (10 μg/mL) treatment and harvested for NF-κB luciferase reporter assay or TNF-αELISA. Finally, C57Bl/6 mice were preconditioned with albumin via intraperitoneal administration 18 h prior to a lethal dose of LPS (60 mg/kg body wt). Blood was collected at 6 h after LPS administration for TNF-αELISA. Albumin produced a dose-dependent and TLR-4-dependent increase in NF-κB activation and TNF-αgene expressionin vitro. Albumin preconditioning abrogated the LPS-mediated increase in NF-κB activation and TNF-αgene expressionin vitroandin vivo. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be elucidated.

In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
D Swami ◽  
DP Nagar ◽  
KP Singh ◽  
J Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract ofArtemisia afraon Alloxan Induced Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Ahmed Issa ◽  
Mohammed Hussen Bule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Albino Mice

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic syndrome that causes disability, early death, and many other complications. Currently insulin and many synthetic drugs are used in diabetes treatment. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are too expensive particularly for sub-Saharan population in addition to their undesirable side effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic effect and toxicity level ofArtemisia afrawhich was collected from its natural habitat in Bale Zone, around Goba town, 455 km southeast of Addis Ababa. Air dried aerial parts ofArtemisia afrawere separately extracted with both distilled water and 95% methanol. Oral acute toxicity test was conducted on healthy Swiss albino mice. Antidiabetic effect of the aqueous and methanolic extracts ofArtemisia afrawas separately evaluated on alloxan induced diabetic mice at doses of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally. The results indicate that mean lethal dose (LD50) for aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas 9833.4 mg/Kg. Blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 24% (p<0.005) and 56.9% (p<0.0004) in groups that received aqueous extract ofArtemisia afraat dose of 500 mg/Kg and 750 mg/Kg, respectively. The methanolic extract ofArtemisia afraalso significantly lowered blood glucose by 49.8% (p<0.0001) at doses of 1000 mg/kg on the 5th hr. Aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas regarded as nontoxic and safe since its LD50was found above 5000 mg/Kg. Aqueous extract showed higher effect at relatively lower dose as compared to methanolic extract. The aqueous extract was screened positive for phytochemicals like flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins that were reported to have antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Resveratrol alone and its Combination with Pterostilbene amends Valproic Acid-Induced Autism in Swiss Albino Mice: Postnatal Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Katta Sunand ◽  
G. Krishna Mohan ◽  
Vasudha Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Autistic Group ◽  
Histopathological Alterations ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the therapeutic role of resveratrol and pterostilbene alone and combination in reversing the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in valproic acid (VPA) induced oxidative stress and neuron damage in a postnatal model of autism. Method: 13 days old Swiss albino mice pups were randomly divided into five groups of six each, vehicle-treated group (1 mg/mL CMC), autistic group (VPA 400 mg/kg, sc), resveratrol (20 mg/kg, po), pterostilbene (10 mg/kg, po), and combination of resveratrol (10 mg/kg, po) + pterostilbene (5 mg/kg, po) group. On postnatal day (PND) 14, valproic acid (VPA) 400 mg/kg, sc, was administered to all except vehicle treated group. Resveratrol and/or pterostilbene was administered daily from PND 14 to 40. During the treatment, period various behavioural parameters were analysed. At the end of study, animals were sacrificed for biochemical estimations and histopathological study. Results: Single time administration of VPA at 400 mg/kg, sc, effectively induced autism. Treatment with resveratrol, pterostilbene, and the combination gave significant recovery in behavioral activity, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in mice when compared with the autistic group. Conclusion: Resveratrol and pterostilbene are good nutraceuticals in reversing the valproic acid-induced autistic deficits, in this study combination of resveratrol and pterostilbene provide superior results on recovery over individual therapy, it is suggested that this combination therapy potentiates the benefits and is more suitable for autism therapy.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Potential of Pterospermum acerifollium leaves Extracts on Swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Deepa Varandani ◽  
Sharmishta Sekhar ◽  
Suman Trivedi ◽  
Megha Jha ◽  
Sourabh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Albino Mice

The objective of present study to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of hydro-alcohollic extract leaves of Pterospermum acerifollium against antitubercular drug induced liver damage in swiss albino mice and also performs antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay. Successive extractions was performed with different organic solvents viz; hydroalcohollic by cold maceration. The extract was analysed as antioxidant activity as a content of Total phenolic content, Total flavanoid content, Reducing power assay and DPPH Scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract was estimated by Agar well diffusion method. Antitubercular drug induced is used as toxicants in hepatoprotective studies in acute condition was analysed by serum biochemical estimations by AST, ALT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. In-vivo Antioxidant activity was performed by LPO, GSH, SOD and Catalase. During the collection of tissue for biochemical estimation piece of tissue cut and transferred for Histopathological estimation. The levels were measured and it indicated that the extract had significant antioxidant activity however the results obtained were dose dependent the higher the dose (400 mg/kg) the better activity. The extract administered at dose 400 mg/kg showed better activity. The treatment with hydroalcohollic extract of Pterospermum acerifillium reduced the elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TB and also reversed the hepatic damage towards normal which further supports the hepatoprotective activity. Keywords: Succesive extraction, In-vivo, Serum biochemical, Cold maceration

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Afar Region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibhatu Gebrehiwot ◽  
Mohammed Shumbahri ◽  
Amelework Eyado ◽  
Tilahun Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

The objective of the present study was to investigate phytochemical components, antiplasmodial activity (in vivo) and evaluate the toxicity of two local medicinal plants, namely, Salvadora persica L. and Balanites rotundifolia (Van Tiegh.) used in Afar ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria. In this study, phytochemical screening has been done using standard methods and the existence of antiplasmodial compounds was detected in these plant extracts. Four-day Peter’s test was used to determine parasite inhibition, PCV was determined by Wintrob’s method, and effects against loss of body weight and improvements on survival time were determined. LD50s of the crude extracts have been also done. Acute toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out in Swiss albino mice prior to antimalarial activity test. All extracts revealed no obvious acute toxicities on mice up to the highest (5000mg/kg) dose given. The crude extract was estimated to have oral median lethal dose higher than 5,000 mg/kg. With the 4-day suppressive test, both plant extracts demonstrated dose-dependent significant reduction in parasitemia level at all test doses compared to the negative control: in the extract of B. rotundifolia 500 mg/kg extract (60.59±3.25%), 350 mg/kg extract (48.1±1.4), and 200 mg/kg extract (41.33±1.1%) were found. And in case of S. Persica 500 mg/kg extract (50.6±4.01%), 350 mg/kg extract (35.85±0.89), and 200 mg/kg extract (27.69±1.14%) were found. The results of this study provide support for the traditional therapeutic value and the reported antimalarial activity.

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