scholarly journals Basin effects and limitations of 1D site response analysis from 2D numerical models of the Thorndon basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Christopher R McGann ◽  
Brendon Bradley ◽  
Liam Wotherspoon ◽  
Robin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Basin Effects ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Vertically Propagating ◽  
Propagating Shear

Plane strain (2D) finite element models are used to examine factors contributing to basin effects observed for multiple seismic events at sites in the Thorndon basin of Wellington, New Zealand. The models consider linear elastic soil and rock response when subjected to vertically-propagating shear waves. Depth-dependent shear wave velocities are considered in the soil layers, and the effects of random variations of soil velocity within layers are modelled. Various rock shear wave velocity configurations are considered to evaluate their effect on the modelled surficial response. It is shown that these simple 2D models are able to capture basin reverberations and compare more favourably to observations from strong motion recordings than conventional 1D site response models. It is also shown that consideration of a horizontal impedance contrast across the Wellington Fault affects spectral response and amplification at longer periods, suggesting the importance of this feature in future ground motion modelling studies in the Wellington region.

κ0 for soil sites: Observations from KiK-net sites and their use in constraining small-strain damping profiles for site response analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boqin Xu ◽  
Ellen M Rathje ◽  
Youssef Hashash ◽  
Jonathan Stewart ◽  
Kenneth Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Site Response Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
One Dimensional

Small-strain damping profiles developed from geotechnical laboratory testing have been observed to be smaller than the damping inferred from the observed site amplification from downhole array recordings. This study investigates the high-frequency spectral decay parameter ( κ0) of earthquake motions from soil sites and evaluates the use of κ0 to constrain the small-strain damping profile for one-dimensional site response analysis. Using data from 51 sites from the Kiban-Kyoshin strong motion network (KiK-net) array in Japan and six sites from California, a relationship was developed between κ0 at the surface and both the 30-m time-averaged shear wave velocity ( V s30) and the depth to the 2.5 km/s shear wave velocity horizon ( Z2.5). This relationship demonstrates that κ0 increases with decreasing V s30 and increasing Z2.5. An approach is developed that uses this relationship to establish a target κ0 from which to constrain the small-strain damping profile used in one-dimensional site response analysis. This approach to develop κ0-consistent damping profiles for site response analysis is demonstrated through a recent site amplification study of Central and Eastern North America for the NGA-East project.

Estimation Study on Shear Wave Velocity of Seabed Using GRNN

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Sheng Jie Di ◽  
Zhi Gang Shan ◽  
Xue Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Generalized Regression Neural Network ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Site Classification

Characterization of the shear wave velocity of soils is an integral component of various seismic analysis, including site classification, hazard analysis, site response analysis, and soil-structure interaction. Shear wave velocity at offshore sites of the coastal regions can be measured by the suspension logging method according to the economic applicability. The study presents some methods for estimating the shear wave velocity profiles in the absence of site-specific shear wave velocity data. By applying generalized regression neural network (GRNN) for the estimation of in-situ shear wave velocity, it shows good performances. Therefore, this estimation method is worthy of being recommended in the later engineering practice.

scholarly journals Parametric Study of Local Site Response for Bedrock Ground Motion to Earthquake in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karma Tempa ◽  
Raju Sarkar ◽  
Abhirup Dikshit ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Armando Lucio Simonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Site Response Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Geophysical Study

Earthquakes, when it comes to natural calamities, are characteristically devastating and pose serious threats to buildings in urban areas. Out of multiple seismic regions in the Himalayas, Bhutan Himalaya is one that reigns prominent. Bhutan has seen several moderate-sized earthquakes in the past century and various recent works show that a major earthquake like the 2015 Nepal earthquake is impending. The southwestern city of Bhutan, Phuentsholing is one of the most populated regions in the country and the present study aims to explore the area using geophysical methods (Multispectral Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)) for understanding possibilities pertaining to infrastructural development. The work involved a geophysical study on eight different sites in the study region which fall under the local area plan of Phuentsholing City. The geophysical study helps to discern shear wave velocity which indicates the soil profile of a region along with possible seismic hazard during an earthquake event, essential for understanding the withstanding power of the infrastructure foundation. The acquired shear wave velocity by MASW indicates visco-elastic soil profile down to a depth of 22.2 m, and it ranged from 350 to 600 m/s. A site response analysis to understand the correlation of bedrock rigidness to the corresponding depth was conducted using EERA (Equivalent-linear Earthquake Site Response Analysis) software. The amplification factors are presented for each site and maximum amplification factors are highlighted. These results have led to a clear indication of how the bedrock characteristics influence the surface ground motion parameters for the corresponding structure period. The results infer that the future constructional activity in the city should not be limited to two- to five-story buildings as per present practice. Apart from it, a parametric study was initiated to uncover whatever effects rigid bedrock has upon hazard parameters for various depths of soil profile up to 30 m, 40 m, 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, 120 m, 140 m, 160 m, 180 m and 200 m from the ground surface. The overriding purpose of doing said parametric study is centered upon helping the stack holders who can use the data for future development. Such a study is the first of its kind for the Bhutan region, which suffers from the unavailability of national seismic code, and this is a preliminary step towards achieving it.

PSHA Compatible Probabilistic Seismic Site Response Analysis for Oslo, Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Carlton ◽  
Amir M. Kaynia
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity Profile

ABSTRACT This article describes a probabilistic site-response analysis for the city of Oslo, Norway. We first perform a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for hard rock. Then, we conduct site-response analyses using Monte Carlo simulations to capture uncertainty in the site profile. We include four base-case soil profiles to incorporate epistemic uncertainty, and we vary the shear-wave velocity profile and shear-modulus reduction and damping curves to account for aleatory variability. We base the soil profiles on over 7000 in situ tests, and the shear-wave velocity profile median, standard deviation, and interlayer correlation on over 559 cone penetration tests. Next, we perform regression analyses to estimate medians and standard deviations of site-specific amplification factors (AFs). Finally, we modify the ground-motion models for rock with the AFs and recompute the PSHA for the soil surface. The analyses show that (1) shallower soil profiles have larger uniform hazard spectra (UHS) values at short periods and smaller UHS values at long periods; (2) epistemic uncertainty of the base-case soil shear-wave velocity profile leads to alternative UHS values with a difference of a factor of 2 at short periods; (3) there is only a small difference in the mean magnitudes and distances controlling the hazard for the PSHA conducted for rock compared to soil; (4) response spectra calculated from site-response analyses with no aleatory variability of the soil properties predict significantly smaller spectral acceleration values at periods shorter than the natural site period; (5) using site amplification standard deviations based on ground-motion recordings, instead of site-response analyses, results in a 10%–20% reduction in the soil surface UHS at short periods and a 5%–10% increase at long periods; and (6) the Eurocode 8 AFs are, in general, conservative for Oslo.

scholarly journals KELAS SOIL DAERAH SEKITAR RENCANA TAPAK REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL (RDE) SERPONG DARI DATA MIKROTREMOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Marjiyono Marjiyono ◽  
Hadi Suntoko ◽  
A. Soehaimi ◽  
Yuliastuti Yuliastuti ◽  
H. Syaeful
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Power Reactor ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Single Station

ABSTRAK KELAS SOIL DAERAH SEKITAR RENCANA TAPAK REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL (RDE) SERPONG DARI DATA MIKROTREMOR. Karakteristik geologi permukaan memegang peranan penting dalam analisis respon gelombang di suatu wilayah.  Sehubungan dengan rencana pembangunan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) di Serpong, telah dilakukan pemodelan kondisi bawah permukaan dari kombinasi data mikrotremor array dan single station. Pengukuran mikrotremor array dilakukan di 9 lokasi, sedangkan single station di 90 lokasi yang tersebar pada radius ± 1 km di sekitar tapak RDE. Model bawah permukaan yang berupa struktur kecepatan gelombang geser selanjutnya dijadikan dasar untuk menghitung nilai Vs30 di daerah tersebut. Hasil klasifikasi soil berdasarkan nilai Vs30 menunjukkan kelas soil untuk wilayah sekitar tapak RDE secara umum terdiri atas kelas SD (soil menengah) dan SC (batuan lunak). Lokasi rencana tapak sendiri berada dalam wilayah kelas soil SD. Kata kunci : kelas soil, kecepatan gelombang geser, mikrotremor, tapak RDE, Vs30.   ABSTRACT SOIL CLASS AROUND THE SERPONG EXPERIMENTAL POWER REACTOR (EPR) SITE PLAN BASE ON MICROTREMOR DATA. Surface geological characteristics has an important role on site response analysis in a region. In regard with experimental power reactor (EPR) construction plan in Serpong, the subsurface modeling from combination array and single station microtremor data was done. The array and single station microtremor measurement were performed in 9 and 90 sites, respectively, at ± 1 km radius around the EPR site plan. The Vs30 value was calculated from shear wave velocity structure around the investigated area. The soil classification based on Vs30 in the investigated area generally consists of SD (medium soil) and SC (soft rock) class. The EPR site plan its self in the SD class region. Keyword : soil class, shear wave velocity, microtremor, EPR site, Vs30

Estimation Of High-Frequency Attenuation Parameter (Kappa) For Hard Rock Stations Of Turkish Strong Motion Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atınç Özgün Akgün ◽  
Zeynep Gülerce ◽  
Atilla Arda Özacar
Keyword(s):  
Hard Rock ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Kappa Value

<p>Site-specific decay in the Fourier Amplitude Spectrum (FAS) at high frequencies, a.k.a. the zero-distance kappa (κ<sub>0</sub>), is frequently used in seismic analysis of critical infrastructure; especially for the host-to-target adjustment of the design spectrum and the site response analysis. The zero-distance kappa value for hard rock sites is more crucial but harder to constrain because the amount of strong-motion stations on hard-rock sites is limited in the global datasets. The objective of this study is to calculate the zero-distance kappa value for the hard rock strong-motion stations operated by the Disaster and Emergency Presidency of Turkey (AFAD). For this purpose, 6463 recordings from 22 strong-motion stations with measured average shear wave velocities at the first 30 meters (V<sub>S30</sub>) higher than 740m/s and having at least 100 records have been analyzed. The slope of the decay in the S-wave portion of the FAS (kappa) at high frequencies is determined for a carefully selected and record-specific frequency range. Variation of the kappa with epicentral distance is evaluated to determine the median zero-distance kappa and its uncertainty for each recording station. Estimated median zero-distance kappa values vary between 0.01s to 0.06s and are consistent with the limited amount of previously published data. Only a weak reduction in median zero-distance kappa is observed with increasing V<sub>S30</sub> and a rather large scatter in kappa for the same V<sub>S30 </sub>values is observed. More robust results might be attained by isolating the site amplification effects of weak surficial layers and subcategorization based on available geological and geographical information.</p>

scholarly journals Does the One-Dimensional Assumption Hold for Site Response Analysis? A Study of Seismic Site Responses and Implication for Ground Motion Assessment Using KiK-Net Strong-Motion Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pilz ◽  
Fabrice Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Site Response Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ground Motion Variability ◽  
The One

The one-dimensional (1-D) approach is still the dominant method to incorporate site effects in engineering applications. To bridge the 1-D to multidimensional site response analysis, we develop quantitative criteria and a reproducible method to identify KiK-net sites with significant deviations from 1-D behavior. We found that 158 out of 354 show two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) effects, extending the resonance toward shorter periods at which 2-D or 3-D site effects exceed those of the classic 1-D configurations and imposing an additional amplification to that caused by the impedance contrast alone. Such 2-D and 3-D effects go along with a large within-station ground motion variability. Remarkably, these effects are found to be more pronounced for small impedance contrasts. While it is hardly possible to identify common features in ground motion behavior for stations with similar topography typologies, it is not over-conservative to apply a safety factor to account for 2-D and 3-D site effects in ground motion modeling.

scholarly journals Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and site analyses of Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC), Arusha, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 826-840
Author(s):  
Richard W Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Uniform Hazard Spectra ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Conference Centre

This work presents the evaluation of earthquake resistance of the Arusha International ConferenceCentre (AICC) complex, in Tanzania. The evaluation included probabilistic seismic hazardanalysis (PSHA) and site response analysis. Seismic sources considered to constitute a seismichazard in this study were randomly occurring seismicity located within five tectonic provincesaround the site. For each province the seismic hazard is based on a cursory analysis of earthquakedata from compiled ESARSWG bulletins and temporary deployed networks within the NorthTanzania Divergence (NTD). Bedrock response signal together with the information of materialcharacteristics from boreholes around the AICC site were used in analysis of site response. PSHAresults indicated uniform hazard spectra values of 0.15, 0.2 and 0.27 g for return periods of 475,975 and 2475 years, respectively. The surface ground response results indicated a maximumamplification factor of 3.7 and a spectral response of 4.5 g for a wave period of 0.6 sec thatmatches the natural frequency of the 6-7 storey buildings of the AICC complex. It is thisresonance effect on the buildings that is assumed to have caused intense shaking in the earthquakeof December 5th 2005 from Lake Tanganyika. Keywords: Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis; Arusha International Conference Centre; EastAfrican Rift System; Uniform hazard spectra; Site effect.

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