The Interplay between Institutional and Individual Determinants of Organizational Transparency

The number of women occupying male-dominated blue-collar jobs continues to be very low. This study examines segregation in the blue-collar trades, taking into consideration both structural and individual factors. Using nationally representative data for 25 countries, the study shows that segregation in the blue-collar sector does not vary with the strength of vocational education and training programs. At the individual level, findings reveal higher degrees of social reproduction among working-class families, but parental background alone does not fully account for the gender composition of the sector in which children end up working. Overall, the findings point to the existence of a socializing mechanism that entrenches horizontal segregation in the blue-collar sector. The study indicates that to reduce segregation in the blue-collar fields, policies must address this prior mechanism, both at the structural and individual level.

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Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in moss with blood biomarker among nearby residents in Portland, Oregon

10.1101/2021.07.15.21260592 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Burstyn ◽

Geoffrey H. Donovan ◽

Yvonne L. Michael ◽

Sarah Jovan

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Air Quality ◽

Dna Adducts ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Wood Fire ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Environmental Air

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a component of air pollutants that are costly to measure using traditional air-quality monitoring methods. We used an epiphytic bio-indicator (moss genus: Orthotrichum) to cost-effectively evaluate atmospheric deposition of PAHs in Portland, Oregon in May 2013. However, it is unclear if measurements derived from these bioindicators are good proxies for human exposure. To address this question, we simultaneously, measured PAH-DNA adducts in blood samples of non-smokers residing close to the sites of moss measurements. We accounted for individual determinants of PAH uptake that are not related to environmental air quality through questionnaires, e.g., wood fires, consumption of barbecued and fried meats. Correlation and linear regression (to control for confounders from the lifestyle factors) evaluated the associations. We did not observe evidence of an association between PAH levels in moss and PAH-DNA adducts in blood of nearby residents, but higher level of adduct were evident in those who used wood fire in their houses in the last 48 hours. It remains to be determined whether bio-indicators in moss can be used for human health risk assessment.

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Assessment of Customer Satisfaction as an Element Deciding About Enterprise's Competitiveness

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering ◽

10.2478/mape-2018-0083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 657-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manuela Ingaldi ◽

Martin Kotus

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Satisfaction Index ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

Quality Design ◽

High Level ◽

Enterprise's Competitiveness ◽

Research Service

Abstract Enterprises which want to ensure a secure and stable market position must constantly look for ways to convince customers (current and potential) that their goods and services are competitive and represent a sufficiently high level of quality, consistent with the their needs. Service enterprises use specific methods and tools to analyze the quality of their services and to be sure that these services are competitive on the market. One of the important elements of such an analysis is the assessment of customer satisfaction. This research should be treated as a key stage in the customer satisfaction management system. Without knowing the customers' expectations, the enterprise is unable to determine what to improve and correct. In this case, the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), which not only indicates what to improve, but also shows the level of customer satisfaction, should be used. The purpose of the paper is to assess customer satisfaction in a service point of a known producer of men's clothes. The CSI index and a specially developed survey were used for the research. The questionnaire was filled in by the customers of the research service point after the service delivery. According to the obtained results, individual determinants should be maintained and monitored by the enterprise. The research also identified areas for improvement, i.e. product quality, design and ways of payment. However, the overall CSI score is good, which means that despite few problems with customers' satisfaction, they are satisfied with the research service point.

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MIGRANTS REMITTANCES: MICROECONOMIC AND MACROECONOMIC CONTEXTS

The EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics ◽

10.35678/2539-5645.6(19).2019.51-58 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Andrej Přívara

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Future Research ◽

External Financing ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

Migrant Remittances ◽

Academic Debate

Global remittances flow has been rising considerably over the last decade. Their share in GDP reaches several tens of percent in some (especially developing) countries. That is why their impact on the country of the migrant`s origin has become a subject of controversial debate in the scientific community. This chapter provides a synthesis of views that have crystallized as part of an ongoing academic debate on remittance determinants and their impact on recipient countries. We aim to analyze the fundamental scientific opinions published on this topic and to outline possible directions for future research on migrant remittances. The chapter analyzes individual determinants as well as remittance effects on two levels: microeconomic and macroeconomic ones. The analysis concludes that remittances are an important source of external financing for the economies of developing countries. Nonetheless, they cannot be considered as a panacea for economic backwardness

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Het contacteren van professionele hulpverleners omwille van sociale of emotionele problemen bij net‐gehuwde en net‐samenwonende koppels : de rol van partner- en relatiekenmerken

Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen ◽

10.21825/reng.v3i8.18242 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Elien Colman ◽

Veerle Buffel ◽

Piet Bracke

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Male Partner ◽

Health Care Use ◽

Living Together ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

Partner Characteristics ◽

Health Related ◽

Mental Health Care Use

Onderzoek naar de determinanten van het gebruik van professionele hulpverlening omwille van sociale en emotionele problemen heeft zich tot nu toe hoofdzakelijk geconcentreerd op het belang van individuele kenmerken. In deze bijdrage gaan we na of het zorggebruik van net‐gehuwde en net‐samenwonende mannen en vrouwen (N=798 koppels) ook beïnvloed wordt door hun partner, hun relatie (duur, gezondheidsgerelateerde steun en conflict) en het verbreken van een eerdere samenwoonrelatie. We vinden geen directe invloed van intieme relaties bij mannen, maar bij vrouwen vinden we dat diegenen die ooit gescheiden zijn en diegenen die veel conflicten hebben met hun partner een minder goede mentale gezondheid hebben en bijgevolg een grotere kans hebben om een professionele hulpverlener gecontacteerd te hebben. Uit de resultaten blijkt ook dat, los van de behoefte aan hulp, vrouwen minder vaak een professionele hulpverlener contacteren, naargelang ze langer samenwonen met hun partner. Het belang van deze resultaten voor verder onderzoek en het beleid worden besproken. Abstract : Although the literature on determinants of health care use has traditionally been concentrating on individual determinants, the couple can also be considered as an important entity in the study of mental health care use. We examine how the mental health care use of recently cohabiting or newlywed men and women (N=798 couples) is influenced by the mental health care use of their partner, characteristics of their relationship (years living together, health‐related support, conflict) and a broken cohabiting relationship. We find no direct effects of intimate relationships on men’s mental health care use. Among women, results show that those who have ever been separated and those who have more conflicts with their partner have a higher health care use, which can be attributed to their higher need for care. Results also show that the longer women live with their male partner, the less mental health care they consume.

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A conceptual model of nurses’ workplace social capital: a theory synthesis

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00660-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiamin Xu ◽

Azadeh T. Stark

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Organizational Outcomes ◽

Nursing Management ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Workforce Integration ◽

Workplace Social Capital

Abstract Background Research has confirmed the importance of workplace social capital in the nursing workforce. Integration of the empirical evidence about nurses’ workplace social capital into a scientific collection can provide a comprehensive presentation of this concept. This scientific collection can be a conduit for further research and advancement of nursing management and leadership. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss the process of developing a conceptual model of nurses’ workplace social capital, an effective and concise approach to illustrate a scientific phenomenon. Methods The model of nurses’ workplace social capital was developed following Walker and Avant’s strategy of theory synthesis. Empirical evidence relevant to nurses’ workplace social capital was synthesized by systematically examining the existing literature. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched periodically from October 2017 to July 2020. Results Our proposed conceptual model lays out the determinants and outcomes of nurses’ workplace social capital and specifies the relational statements among these concepts. Nurses’ workplace social capital is influenced by the organizational and individual determinants shaped by multiple layers of sub-concepts. The development and implementation of nurses’ workplace social capital has three themes of consequences: 1) nurses’ outcomes; 2) patients’ outcomes; and 3) organizational outcomes. All the concepts and statements have been organized and aligned with the principles of “inventory of determinants or results” and “theoretical blocks”. Conclusion Our theoretical synthesis offers a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge of nurses’ workplace social capital. Efforts should be dedicated to evaluating, revising, and revamping this newly developed model based on future empirical evidence. Our synthesized conceptual model is the segue to more comprehensive studies about nurses’ workplace social capital. Interventional programs for the development of social capital can be structured based on the identified determinants.

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