scholarly journals Integrated control system of segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops in Forest-Steppe conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
M.M. Ptashnik ◽  
P.S. Zaiats ◽  
S.V. Dudnyk ◽  
F.J. Brukhal ◽  
O.L. Oksimets
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Contamination Control

As a result of many years of research in a stationary field experiment conducted in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe on Gray forest large-sawn light loamy soil, the regularities of the influence of methods of its main cultivation, doses and terms of herbicide application on the level of contamination of crops with segetal vegetation and the competitiveness of winter wheat in short-term crop rotation were established.It was found that the competitive pressure of weeds on winter wheat both for plowing and flat–cutting loosening to a depth of 20–22 cm was minimal and amounted to 6.9–13.2%, and the crop pressure on weed cenosis was noted in the range of 81.5–84.8%. The use of a herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) increased this indicator to 90%.With flat-cutting loosening, the potential contamination of the upper 0–5-centimeter layer of soil, from which the bulk of weeds germinate, in the crops of the studied crop was 31.3–31.8% higher compared to plowing. Indicators of potential contamination and the rate of germination of weed seeds with this method of basic tillage caused a high level of actual weediness of winter wheat crops in a short-term crop rotation. However, systematic tillage without layer turnover ensured gradual self-cleaning of the lower part of the arable soil layer from weed seeds.The highest yield of winter wheat 6.11 t/ha of grain was obtained during plowing and the autumn period of application of the herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) at a rate of 20 g/ha in the development phase of the BBCH 11–13. The use of the herbicide in autumn compared to spring periods provided an increase in the grain yield by 0.24–0.54 t/ha for plowing and by 0.48–0.64 t/ha for non – polar cultivation.Economically, the most appropriate technology for controlling segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops is recognized, which provides for plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm as the main tillage with the introduction of N80P60K80 and earning by-products of its predecessors into the soil. To increase the effectiveness of crop contamination control in the integrated plant protection system, it is also proposed to use autumn application of a herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) at a dose of 20 g/ha in the phase of 2–3 leaves in the culture.

scholarly journals Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Janusz Smagacz ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Direct Sowing

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
A. P. Voloshchuk ◽  
I. S. Voloshchuk ◽  
V. V. Gliva ◽  
O. M. Sluchak ◽  
G. S. Gereshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In recent years, interest in non-traditional methods of farming and plant growing has increased, which include the widespread use of biological methods of plant protection and nutrition, allowing significantly reduce the use of pesticides and reduce fertilizer rates. Therefore, there is a constant search and selection of highly effective and competitive formulations that, in growing technologies, ensured an increase in yield and the quality of the grown products. It has been established that the reasons for obtaining seeds of low yielding and sowing qualities of winter wheat in the zone of excessive moisture in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are lodging of crops and the development of harmful diseases. These negative phenomena can be prevented through the use of the Vympel-2 growth regulator and Oracle microfertilizer colofermin copper, both when separately and simultaneously introduced into the ejection phase of the tube. Under the influence of these formulations, resistance to lodging of plants increases, the spread of diseases decreases: powdery mildew, leaf septoria, and dark brown rust. The increased spike growth and the best filling of winter wheat grains occur due to the shortening of the vegetative part of the shoot, which contributes to a significant increase in productivity - 0.45–0.55 t / ha. Due to optimal growth and development, seeds of high sowing qualities are formed on maternal plants. The most effective is the tank mixture of the Vympel-2 growth regulator (0.5 l / ha) with microfertilizer Oracle colofermin copper (1.0 l / ha) against the background of N30P90K90 with the phased introduction of nitrogen according to N30P90K90 at the IV and VII stages of organogenesis, which reduced development diseases on plants compared with the control (without treatment of sowing) by 15.4% (powdery mildew), 10.8 (leaf Septoria) and 10.4% (dark brown spotting).

scholarly journals Study of plant production modells with different intensity in winter wheat production

2008 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Mária Hornok ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Protection Technology

The effects of crop rotation, nutrient supply and plant protection technologies were examined on the yield of Mv PÁLMA winter wheat variety and on the most important diseases of ear and leaf. Our experiments were carried out on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság in 2006 and 2007, and three plant protection technologies (extensive, average, intensive) and three irrigation variations (without irrigation, irrigated with 50 mm, irrigated with100 mm) were applied in different crop rotation systems. In the triculture crop rotation a higher rate of infection was observed than in the biculture crop rotation, because the vegetative growth was more expressed after pea and these microclimatic factors were favourable for the development of pathogens.In the triculture crop rotation (pea – wheat – maize) the powdery mildew, DTR and leaf rust of wheat were present in both examined years (powdery mildew 5-15%, DTR 14-42%, leaf rust 8-37% in cropyear 2005/2006, powdery mildew 12-32%, DTR 9-29%, leaf rust 8-26% in cropyear 2006/2007). Fusaria could be observed in 2006 (depending on the plant protection technologies and nutrient supply in the biculture 7-27% and in thetriculture 5-19%). With higher amounts of fertilizers the rate of infection increased and reached its maximum at the highest dose of nutrient supply (N200 +PK).We observed the highest rate of infection by ear and leaf diseases in the case of the extensive technology, while this rate could be considerably reduced by the application of the intensive technology.Both in 2006 and 2007, yields were the highest at the N100-200+PK levels in the triculture after pea (6028-7939 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2006, 6578-8690 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2007 depending on plant protection technologies), and at the N150-200+PK levels in the biculture after maize (6096-7653 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2006, 4974-8123 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2007 depending on the plant protection technologies). The highest yield maximums werereached when pea was the forecrop. The yields on the experimental plots of the intensive plant protection technology was 224-2198 kg ha-1 higher (depending on the forecrop) compared to the plots where the extensive technology was used.The highest yield without irrigation was at the N150+PK both in biculture and triculture crop rotation. Among the irrigated variations Ö2 and Ö3 at N200+PK fertilisation resulted in the highest yield in the biculture crop rotation, while the N100+PK level in triculture system. In the biculture crop rotation the extra yield was 14-51% higher (575-1225 kg ha-1 depending on plant protection technology) when 50 mm water was irrigated, and15-54% higher (778-2480 kg ha-1) if 100 mm irrigation was applied comparing to the non-irrigated versions. The yield was  7-17% higher (560-1086 kg ha-1) in the Ö2 irrigation variation, and 8-23% (691-1446 kg ha-1) higher in the Ö3 irrigation variation compared to Ö1 irrigation variation (non-irrigated).A correlation analysis was made to reveal the connection between the yield, the amount of fertilizers, the rate of infection, the plant protection technologies and the forecrops. Strong positive correlation (0.846) was found between year and fusaria infection. Strong positive correlation was observed between fertilization and powdery mildew infection (0.525), fertilization and DTR (0.528), fertilization and yield quantity (0.683). Lowercorrelation was found between fertilization and leaf rust infection (0.409), and forecrop and yield (0.472), recpectively. Negative correlation was calcutated between plant protection technologies and DTR (-0.611), and plant protection technologies and leaf rust (-0.649).

scholarly journals Crop rotation yield depending on from the receptions of biologization

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
E. V. Seminchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Pure Steam

Among the methods of cultivation that increase the productivity of crops, a prominent role is assigned to crop rotation. In a properly constructed crop rotation, the efficiency of all agrotechnical methods aimed at improving the use of land increases, the biological needs of crops are satisfied, the rational use of technology is achieved, and the cost of production is reduced [1]. The soils are low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The humus content is 1.2–2.0%, pH = 7–8. Studies have shown that green manure (sweet clover, oats, phacelia) have a positive effect on the balance of organic matter. The negative balance of organic matter is noted for pure steam. The stock of productive moisture in the 0–0.3 cm soil layer varied from 4.1 to 29.5 mm for winter wheat, 28.1–32.7 mm for chickpea and 28–35.3 mm for spring barley, depending on the weather conditions. conditions and methods of biologization. On average, over three years, the highest yield was in winter wheat for a busy fallow (phacelia) and amounted to 1.0 t/ha, which depended on weather conditions. A reliable correlation was revealed for the factors of yield-precipitation; temperature; batteries, etc.

scholarly journals The influence of the methods of the main tillage and fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of chernozem

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Tatyana Aleksandrovna Trofimova ◽  
Sergey Ivanovich Korzhov ◽  
Vladimir Petrovich Belogolovtsev ◽  
Sergey Anatolyevich Preymak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Agrochemical Properties

In experiments carried out on ordinary and leached chernozem, the effect of minimizing the methods of basic tillage and biologization on the fertility of these soils was analyzed. The studies were carried out in stationary and short-term experiments from 1984 to 2017. The effect of various methods and depths of the main tillage, autumn tillage systems, and fertilizers (mineral and organic) on the agrophysical, biological and agrochemical indicators of chernozem was studied. Refusal to carry out farewell processing in grain cultivating crop rotation leads to an increase in the differentiation of the arable layer, a decrease in the fertility of its lower part. The use of annual tillage in the crop rotation resulted in a decrease in the humus content in the soil layer of 0–40 cm by 0.17% (after fertilizers application) and by 0.22% (without fertilizers) compared to the dump processing by 20–22 cm. Organic fertilizers in a complex with minerals during farewell processing promotes an increase in the content of humus in comparison with the surface distribution during surface mulch tillage. A decrease in soil fertility and yield of cultivated crops without dump processing is proved.  

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT PROTECTION OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.L. Toygildin ◽  
◽  
M.I. Podsevalov ◽  
R.A. Mustafina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Yield Increase

The article presents results of studies of comparative productivity and cultivation economic efficiency of soybeans, peas, lupine and chickpeas, depending on main tillage systems in crop rotation and the level of plant protection from harmful organisms. Grain legumes are capable of forming a seed yield of 2.0 t / ha in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. Three-year experimental studies have shown that the studied leguminous crops can be arranged in the following row according to the yield level: peas - 2.51 t / ha> lupine - 2.12 t / ha> chickpea –2.11 t / ha> soybean - 2.10 t / ha. Evaluation of the effect of soil tillage in cultivation of grain legumes showed a significant yield increase by plowing for 25-27 cm in comparison with tillage for 12-14 cm for all the studied crops, a yield increase for adaptive-integrated plant protection was also noted in comparison with minimum protection (protection only against weeds). Studies show that lupine crops had an advantage in protein content, its yield is from 533 to 802 kg / ha, as for soybeans, protein yield was 449-666 kg / ha, peas - 430-521 kg / ha, and chickpeas - 346-486 kg / ha with the advantage of the mentioned variants. A higher conditional net income was obtained on soybeans (31555-44584 rubles / ha) and chickpeas (27777-40037 rubles / ha), especially on combined tillage in crop rotation. Plant protection systems had an equal impact on economic efficiency of their cultivation; in some variants, adaptively integrated plant protection was less effective

scholarly journals Grain quality of winter wheat in biologization of crop rotation of forest-steppe of Volga region

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V.I. Моrоzоv ◽  
◽  
M.I. Podsevalov ◽  
D.E. Аyupov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe

scholarly journals Management of soil organic carbon in maintaining soil productivity and yield stability of winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seremesic ◽  
D. Milosev ◽  
I. Djalovic ◽  
T. Zeremski ◽  
J. Ninkov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The objective of this study was to estimate how soil organic carbon influences winter wheat yield in the South Pannonian Basin. The treatments evaluated were: fertilized 3 year and 2 year crop rotation, fertilized wheat monoculture and unfertilized 3 year and 2 year crop rotation in the 38 years of continuous cropping (1970–2007). These treatments showed a declining trend of soil organic carbon in the 0–30 cm soil layer, respectively. On average, the plow-layer of the treatments lost 10% of soil organic carbon found at the beginning of the investigated period. The plow­layer of the unfertilized treatments reached a possible soil organic carbon threshold (1.16%) after balance on decomposition and formation was observed. We found that soil organic carbon preservation coupled with proper management such as crop rotation and fertilization is important for preserving soil productivity, and when soil organic carbon increases it could benefit winter wheat yield. Obtained results are valuable for developing a sustainable cropping technology for winter wheat and soil conservation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION ON THE SOIL SEED BANK OF WEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
A. N. Vlasenko ◽  
O. V. Kulagin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
The Comparative Study

The work presents the results of the comparative study of the soil seed bank of weeds at crop cultivation in 2 three-fi eld crop rotations (wheat-wheat-oats and wheat-wheat-cabbage crops) using traditional and No-Till technologies. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of central forest-steppe of Priobskiy agricultural landscape area. Before the stationary experiment was laid in 2008, the soil layer of 0-10 cm contained an average of 31800 weed seeds on 1 m2 , and in the layer of 11-20 cm their number was 21200 pieces. Among the 17 identifi ed species, the redroot amaranth dominated. After the fi rst year of crop vegetation, the weed seed bank has grown by 2.2 times with the traditional technology, and by 1.3 times with No-Till technology. By the beginning of the second crop rotation in 2011 in the soil layer of 0- 10 cm there was about the same number of weed seeds with either technology: 41250±2532 pieces/m2 . At the same time, it was noted that the share of bluegrass weeds increased to 25.5-32% with No-Till technology and up to 34.8-35.5% with the traditional one. After the third crop rotation in 2016, the soil seed bank decreased by 5.7 times compared to 2011 with the traditional technology, and by 8.1 times with No-Till technology. The share of bluegrass weeds increased to 67.8% and 47.8%, respectively. The data obtained confi rm that mechanical tillage, which facilitates embedding weed seeds in the soil, ensures their more active germination, further development and distribution. The absence of mechanical tillage, which excludes contact of weed seeds with the soil, as well as the systematic use of herbicides reduce the weed seeds supply in the soil bank with No-Till technology.

scholarly journals Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
A. A. Artemjev ◽  
A. M. Guryanov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.

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