scholarly journals An unusual presentation of colon perforation following percutaneous nephrolithotomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chubak ◽  
Joshua M Stern
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Bowel Injury ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Colon Perforation ◽  
Tubeless Pcnl ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Colon perforation is a rare but serious complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), meriting particular attention to its signs and symptoms for prompt diagnosis and treatment. We report an unusual presentation of colon perforation following tubeless PCNL, characterized by sore throat, pneumomediastinum, and neck and shoulder crepitus. In addition to the details of this case, we review the current literature on bowel injury during PCNL and its management.

Tetanus in the cat—an unusual presentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
L De Risio ◽  
A Gelati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Innate Resistance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Involuntary Muscle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Tetanus is rare in cats owing to their innate resistance. Clinical diagnosis may not be obvious in the early stages of the disease when characteristic signs of generalised tetanus are absent. However, the history of a penetrating/neglected wound and the presence of persistent involuntary muscle rigidity in a mentally alert animal should always lead to the suspicion of tetanus. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are the keys to a successful outcome.

Coexistent Emphysematous Osteomyelitis and Pyelonephritis – A Report of Two Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Shruti Kumar ◽  
Mansi Verma ◽  
Vikas Bhatia ◽  
Mahesh Prakash ◽  
Lokesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Emphysematous osteomyelitis is defined as the presence of intraosseous gas associated with any infection which is a fatal condition if prompt diagnosis and treatment is not provided. It is commonly caused by anaerobes or the members of Enterobacteriaceae family. Here, we report two cases of emphysematous osteomyelitis with coexistent pyelonephritis.

CLINICAL AND FORENSIC ASPECTS OF PHARMACOBEZOARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Basílio ◽  
Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Complete History ◽  
Lethal Blood

Background: Pharmacobezoars are specific types of bezoars formed when medicines, such as tablets, suspensions, and/or drug delivery systems, aggregate and may cause death by occluding airways with tenacious material or by eluting drugs resulting in toxic or lethal blood concentrations. Objective: This work aims to fully review the state-of-the-art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and other relevant clinical and forensic features of pharmacobezoars. Results: patients of a wide range of ages and in both sexes present with signs and symptoms of intoxications or more commonly gastrointestinal obstructions. The exact mechanisms of pharmacobezoar formation are unknown but is likely multifactorial. The diagnosis and treatment depend on the gastrointestinal segment affected and should be personalized to the medication and the underlying factor. A good and complete history, physical examination, image tests, upper endoscopy and surgery through laparotomy of the lower tract are useful for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Pharmacobezoars are rarely seen in clinical and forensic practice. They are related to controlled or immediate-release formulations, liquid or non-digestible substances, in normal or altered digestive motility/anatomy tract, and in overdoses or therapeutic doses, and should be suspected in the presence of risk factors or patients taking drugs which may form pharmacobezoars.

scholarly journals Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Matilde Roda ◽  
Natalie di Geronimo ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Costantino Schiavi
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Nutritional optic neuropathy is a cause of bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive visual impairment with loss of central visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, dyschromatopsia, and a central or centrocecal scotoma. The clinical features are not pathognomonic, since hereditary and toxic forms share similar signs and symptoms. It is becoming increasingly common due to the widespread of bariatric surgery and strict vegetarian or vegan diets, so even the scientific interest has recently increased. In particular, recent studies have focused on possible pathogenetic mechanisms, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in order to prevent the onset, make a prompt diagnosis and an accurate nutritional supplementation, and to avoid irreversible optic nerve atrophy. Nowadays, there is clear evidence of the role of cobalamin, folic acid, thiamine, and copper, whereas further studies are needed to define the role of niacin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. This review aims to summarize the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nutritional optic neuropathy, and it is addressed not only to ophthalmologists, but to all physicians who could come in contact with a patient with a possible nutritional optic neuropathy, being a fundamental multidisciplinary approach.

Laryngeal cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110105
Author(s):  
Kelvin Miu
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Laryngeal cancer is a common head and neck cancer and typically presents with voice hoarseness in patients older than 60 years. Early recognition of signs and symptoms of laryngeal cancer can lead to early diagnosis and treatment, therefore improving patient outcomes. This article aims to provide an overview of the anatomy of the larynx, presentation and management of laryngeal cancer, and common follow-up problems.

Haemoptysis in third trimester-sole manifestation of stage IV gestational choriocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e241870
Author(s):  
Brinda Basida ◽  
Nirav Zalavadiya ◽  
Suman Khicher ◽  
Russel York
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Primary Origin ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Gestational choriocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm of pregnancy that is often undiagnosed until the advanced stage manifests with metastatic complications. Herein, we present a case of a 22-year-old young woman with metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma with unidentified primary origin, who presented with haemoptysis as a chief problem in her third trimester. The case emphasises on the rarity of this neoplasm in a viable pregnancy. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is the key for good maternal and fetal prognosis.

TAMI-01. BRAIN METASTASES: CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi198-vi198
Author(s):  
Ruchi Raval ◽  
Aadi Pandya ◽  
Jaspreet Behl ◽  
Sumul Raval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
The Brain

Abstract PURPOSE As more information is gathered about brain metastases, it still remains that the current prognosis of brain metastases is very poor. Due to this, it is imperative that physicians are aware of the most important components regarding brain metastases. This literature review will encompass the most current literature in order to highlight the most crucial information. METHODS All mentioned studies and literature reviews cited in the paper were obtained through various sites, and were published between 1996 and 2017. The main components that were required from the papers reviewed included where in the body the brain metastases originated from, where in the brain they tended to spread to, what the signs and symptoms typical of patients with brain metastases are, and what the options are in terms of treatment. RESULTS Using the results from a variety of studies performed within the past three decades, it is apparent that brain metastases most commonly originate from, in order of increasing frequency, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. In addition, it is reaffirmed that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool to be used when dealing with brain metastases. The most frequent signs and symptoms of a brain metastases include cognitive changes, headaches, weakness, and seizures. Finally, supportive treatment includes use of corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and anticoagulation therapy. Definitive treatment for brain metastases varies based on size, location, and prevalence in the brain, but the most effective options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS The study’s results confirm the need for more research to be done regarding brain metastases, and better options to increase the survival of patients.

Four common diseases causing sudden blindness or death in the eye emergency department

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138163
Author(s):  
Ana Leonor Rei da Cruz Escaleira ◽  
Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Chris Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Soon Wai Ch’Ng ◽  
Velota C T Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ischaemic Attack ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Sudden Blindness ◽  
Patient At Risk ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Neuro-ophthalmological emergency disorders typically present with symptoms of visual loss, diplopia, ocular motility impairment or anisocoria. The ocular manifestations of these disorders are sometimes indicative of a more serious global neurology disease rather than an isolated ocular disease. The aim of this review is to highlight four important neuro-ophthalmological emergency disorders that must not be missed by an ophthalmologist. These include acute painful Horner’s syndrome, painful cranial nerve III palsy, giant cell arteritis and transient ischaemic attack with amaurosis fugax. The delayed diagnosis of these clinical entities puts the patient at risk of blindness or death. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and management of these conditions are essential. This can be acquired from understanding the main signs and symptoms of the disease presentation together with a high index of suspicion while working at a busy eye emergency department.

Intraventricular Tension Pneumocephalus as a Complication of Paranasal Sinus Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley H. Davis ◽  
Edward R. Laws ◽  
Thomas J. McDonald ◽  
John R. Salassa ◽  
Lawrence H. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Tension Pneumocephalus ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Surgery ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Abstract A case of intraventricular tension pneumocephalus occurring as a complication of paranasal sinus surgery is presented. The pathophysiology of tension pneumocephalus is discussed and emphasis is placed on the potentially life-threatening increase in intracranial pressure that occurs. Tension pneumocephalus requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.

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