scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance Using Optimal Cost Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Farag ◽  
M. M. Mohie El Din ◽  
H. A. El Shenbary
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The Cost

The industrialization of the world, increase in population and mismanagement of the available parking space has resulted in parking problems. There is a need for an intelligent and reliable system which can be used for searching the unoccupied parking facility, to reduce the cost of leasing people and for better use of resources for car-park owners. This paper introduces an algorithm to increase the efficiency of the current smart-parking system. The main objective of this algorithm is helping users automatically to find an unoccupied parking lot with least cost based on a new performance metrics to calculate the parking cost. Considering the distance between the User and Parking, Distance between Parking and services area, Percent of free spaces in each car park and Cost of parking for a time t. Matlab software was used to compute the cost function and to save an optimal parking space upon a request by the user. The experimental results show that the proposed cost function helps improve the probability of optimal parking with least cost.

Cloud Based Smart Parking System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578-1583
Author(s):  
V. Sathya ◽  
Bheemanadham ◽  
Surya Sai ◽  
Arpit Tharad ◽  
Ayush Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Lately, the idea of brilliant urban communities has increased awesome notoriety. Parking becomes one of the tedious tasks in our day to day life. Many efforts have been done in this field to solve parking based problems like traffic congestion, limited parking space, high parking charges, and the most basic problem is to find nearby parking space. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm that increases the efficiency of the current cloud-based smart parking system and develops a network architecture based on Internet-Of-Things technology. Our proposed system helps users automatically find a free parking space at the least cost based on new performance metrics to calculate the user parking cost by considering the distance from the user to parking area and the total number of free places in each car park. A mobile application is provided that navigate the user to the free parking space based on the efficiency based on distance and cost. This cost will be utilized to offer an answer of finding an accessible parking spot upon a demand by the client and an answer of proposing another car park if the present park is full.

Smart Parking System Using Batch Algorithms Cloud Computing and Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652
Author(s):  
J. Jagadeesan ◽  
Arpan Sarkar ◽  
Sanchay Mishra ◽  
Sarthak Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
First Come First Serve ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking

Innovative smart parking system works on sensor based IOT technology and cloud computing data collection to direct the driver to the particular parking spot. This paper implements an agile algorithm that improves the efficiency of the present cloud-based parking system and builds a network architecture based on the IOT technology. This paper introduces a system that helps users find a parking space at the least cost based on new efficiency constraints to calculate the user parking cost by considering the dimensions and the total number of free spaces in each car park. This cost will be used to offer a solution of finding an available parking space upon a request by the user and a solution of suggesting a new car park if the current car park is full. The simulation results convey that the algorithm helps improve the stability of successful parking and minimizes the user waiting time at the same time avoiding congestion. We also successfully implemented the algorithm virtually. Existing systems implement first come first serve algorithms to allocate parking space to cars which arrive to parking space, hence wasting a lot of space at the time costing efficiency to the parking lot. The proposed algorithm first sorts the cars based on their size, hence efficiently using the space available and balancing load at the parking side. Also separating the parking space for both large and small cars can help improve the parking congestion and price per space utility factor. The algorithm uses batch algorithms knowingly used in operating systems to arrange tasks and processes in an effective manner. It divides the cars into small and large categories alike the processes in operating systems, which helps to deal with the cars better. The whole system is also backed by low power IOT hardware like Arduino® Uno, NodeMCU® ESP8266, ZigBee networks and cloud computing solutions like Google© Firebase® and Thing Speak®.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Technique for Smart Parking Management System in a Smart City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Patita Paban Panda ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Das
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
User Requirement ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Cost

Considering the urban environment, we proposed a new model “Parking Management System”. The complete model provides you the basic features of the parking system. The system designates an exact parking slot for the driver. On the basis of user requirement, it includes the proximity to destination and the cost of parking. The capacity of overall parking is utilized efficiently. The system approach solves the problem at individual decisions in a time driven sequence. This is the most favorable solution based on the allocation on present state affair and subject to the arbitrary incidents such as the request of the new user and availability of the parking space. At the next decision point, the allocation is updated ensuring that there is no conflicts in the resource reservation and the assignment of resource have the higher cost than the current cost of function value. The proposed system enables users to find out the free parking space on the cost on new performance metrics to calculate the cost of user parking under the consideration of distance and the total no of free places. The system show that the algorithm helps improves the probability of successful parking and the user waiting time is minimized. The proposed system is implemented by us in the real world successfully.  

scholarly journals THE PREDICTION OF PARKING SPACE AVAILABILITY

Transport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-473
Author(s):  
Helena Brožová ◽  
Miroslav Růžička
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Car Park

Intelligent Parking Systems (IPS) allow customers to select a car park according to their preferences, rapidly park their vehicle without searching for the available parking space (place) or even book their place in advance avoiding queues. IPS provides the possibility to reduce the wastage of fuel (energy) while finding a parking place and consequently reduce harmful emissions. Some systems interact with in-vehicle navigation systems and provide users with information in real-time such as free places available at a given parking lot (car park), the location and parking fees. Few of these systems, however, provide information on the forecasted utilisation at specific time. This paper describes results of a traffic survey carried out at the parking lot of supermarket and the proposal of the model predicting real-time parking space availability based on these surveyed data. The proposed model is formulated as the non-homogenous Markov chains that are used as a tool for the forecasting of parking space availability. The transition matrices are calculated for different time periods, which allow for and include different drivers’ behaviour and expectations. The proposed forecasting model is adequate for potential use by IPS with the support of different communication means such as the internet, navigation systems (GPS, Galileo etc.) and personal communication services (mobile-phones).

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System on IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2793-2798 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience where the integrating concept of IoT that include hardware and software with the connection of internet for image or video processing technology is a powerful application which made up a complete smart parking system. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available and cameras are costly and lower in reliability. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on Raspberry Pi camera module and 360o lens that process with De-Warping techniques for the normal view rather than 360-degree view and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was done by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and cameras which were implemented on traditional parking guidance system. In the end of the paper, it is proved that prototype based smart parking is the convenient way to find the parking space availability.

Smart Parking System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Large Parking Lots

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yan Zhang ◽  
Li Ping Zhou ◽  
Wen Yu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Transmission Protocol ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Congested Area ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking

In China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimize hassle and inconvenience to the automatic drivers, this paper proposed a novel smart parking system which consists of many parking sensor nodes and one parking gateway in one large parking lot. Parking sensor node is used as vehicle occupancy detector and parking gateway is used as parking lot manager. All parking sensor nodes compose wireless sensor networks with Zigbee transmission protocol. With the GPRS/3G transmission function of parking gateway, large parking lot can provide friendly parking information to the running vehicles and subscribed users. In a word, the proposed novel smart parking system is provided with innovative and practicability.

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System Using 360o Camera and Haar-Cascade Classifier on IoT System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Cascade Classifier ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations who are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on raspberry pi camera module and 360o lens and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and camera which was implemented on traditional smart parking system. An analysis was done on the performance of the system where it can detect the parking availability with 99.74% accuracy and which is far better than conventional system including reliability and cost for the parking space guidance system.

scholarly journals Global trends in financing higher education

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
D. A. Ashirbekova ◽  
G. Zh. Nurmukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Financing Higher Education ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This article describes the types of higher education institutions financing around the world, as well as the features of university financing and their structural changes in the context of the countries of the world. The management system of higher education around the world is multifunctional, complexly structured. This activity appears to be specially organized by the state authorities jointly with public institutions and is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the higher education sector in the context of the implementation of the goals and objectives of the state in a particular historical period of development. In the last decade, there has been a demand for educational services and a corresponding increase in the cost of financing higher education. The drivers of this increase were wage growth, the cost of modern infrastructure, and the slow response to rising costs. The decline in government revenue has led to more efficient use of resources and careful monitoring of research results, since the priority for the state is to strictly evaluate the results for their funding, and research funded by the private sector has clear goals. Universities in the updated system of values stimulate the development of society, implement the training of personnel required by the market. New challenges – the pandemic and the development of the digital economy-provide new opportunities for people focused on higher education, and at the same time change the education system itself and its financing mechanisms.

scholarly journals Perancangan Sistem Informasi Parkir dengan WiFi Berbasis Arduino

2016 ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Novi Yulianto ◽  
Fahraini Bacharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ip Address ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Car Park ◽  
To Come

Now the need for access to information is very important because the information obtained can specify or provide comfort and ease in performing daily activities. One example is to use gadgets such as smartphones, notebooks, tablets and others, we can easily find out information directly without having to come to the venue. This system aims to design information systems in the parking lot. This technology can provide an idea of ??the amount of available parking spots has been filled or empty. By accessing the IP address given earlier, then we will know the availability of parking space directly. From the test results, it can be said that this system has the advantages of easy to use, the application is simple and can help improve the comfort / convenience for users of the car park. But this system also has the disadvantage of a webserver which is used has a very small memory that can not be accessed by many concurrent users in one time.

The Limits of Nature and the Educational Nature of Limits

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Liberal Arts College ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Town ◽  
Real Costs

I teach in a liberal arts college in a small, attractive Ohio town located in an agricultural county 14 miles south of Lake Erie. The town formerly had train service that connected it easily and comfortably to the wider world. Sometime in the 1950s the trains stopped coming, and the tracks were eventually converted into a bike trail. In the intervening four decades, students arrived on campus in a variety of ways, including bus, plane, car, and a few intrepid souls still come by train to a decaying Amtrak station eight miles distant. Now many, perhaps most, come in cars that they own and that they park anywhere and everywhere in town. So like many campuses, ours is overrun by cars. And like many other colleges, we find ourselves locked in conflict with the local authorities over parking policy. Our policy is roughly to tell students, “Y’all come and bring it with you.” Unless there is a sudden outbreak of intelligence, we are likely to respond to prodding by city officials by building yet another parking lot and thereby reducing to that degree the loveliness and serenity of the town already jeopardized by urban sprawl. That, however, is an aesthetic matter on which people can and will disagree. What they cannot dispute is the cost of parking. The cost of a single parking space is estimated to be $7,000 in a paved lot and double that for a parking deck. Then there is the annual cost of policing, lighting, removing snow, and landscaping parking lots, perhaps another $1,500. From this perspective, one obvious solution is simply not to build extra parking and split the savings with those who do not to bring cars to college or drive them to work. So in return for not adding to the problem, cooperators would get a check for, say, $5,000. Those who continue to drive for whatever reason would pay a fee equal to the real costs imposed on the institution by their driving habits. Reasonable? Not according to many who believe that driving is a sacred right guaranteed somewhere in the Constitution (or was it the Declaration of Independence?) and to those who believe that automobility is now indelibly written into our behavioral genes and cannot be further altered by evolution or reason.

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