Flood Risk Assessment of Residential Neighbourhoods in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria

<p class="1Body">The study is aimed at examining the vulnerability of some residential neighbourhoods in Calabar to the menace of flooding with a view to determining residential areas of high, medium and low flood risk. Two hypotheses were formulated such as: there is no significant relationship between the magnitude of flood, and the vulnerability of residential neighbourhoods and the elements-at-risk to flood in residential neighbourhoods in Calabar do not vary significantly according to the topography of the area. The major primary data were obtained from the metric measurement of the coverage of flood and the assessment of the numerical value of the residential buildings considered vulnerable to flood within the areas measured. Secondary data were also obtained from the collection of both published and unpublished materials and data on flooded buildings and displaced persons were also obtained from the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), Calabar. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypotheses tested using the regression coefficient of the least square method and scatter grams for prediction. The results of the hypotheses were found to be significant as the magnitude of flood determined the vulnerability of some residential neighbourhoods. Vulnerability was found to be higher in low lying residential neighbourhoods. The study, however, recommends among others, planned and autonomous adaptation responses, flood plain zoning to urban agriculture, landscaping and recreational uses. Proper channelization of Calabar urban drainage system, stringent flood control legislation, and development control measures should be enforced so as to discourage people from building on or near flood-prone areas of Calabar.</p>

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Hydro-Oceanographic Characteristics In Karimunjawa Coastal Waters During The 1st Transitional Season

Jurnal Segara ◽

10.15578/segara.v17i2.9839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Yulius Yulius ◽

Joko Prihantono ◽

Dino Gunawan ◽

Muhammad Ramdhan ◽

August Daulat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Least Square ◽

Ocean Current ◽

Primary Data ◽

Peak Period ◽

Waves And Currents ◽

Matlab Programming

This study aims to determine oceanographic characteristics such as tides, waves, and currents in Karimunjawa Coastal Waters during the 1st transitional season and to update the oceanographic database for spatial management evaluation in the region. The tidal characteristics were obtained from the least square method analysis using World Tide software based on Matlab programming language, while wave and current characteristics obtained from 2-dimensional numerical modeling using Mike 21 software on the flow model and spectral wave module. The primary data used were the significant wave height (Hs), wave peak period (Tp), and ocean current components (u and v velocity) on 13-26 May 2016 using the Sontex Argonaut XR type Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) equipment. Tide data were predicted for the Kemujan Islands station from 1-31 March 2020. Secondary data for additional numerical model input were obtained from ERA5-reanalysis in the form of Hs, Tp, u, and v wind velocity data for May 2020 with a temporal resolution of 20 minutes, while bathymetry data derived from GEBCO Satellite Derivated Bathymetry (SDB) data. The tide analysis results showed that Karimunjawa waters are a single daily mixed tidal type. The wave characteristic moves from east to west with high waves reached 0.9 meters and a peak period of 7 seconds. The eastern side of Karimunjawa Island, Kemujan Island, and the western area have a calmer wave. The current characteristic moves northeastward with a speed of 5-28 cm/s, which concludes that in several locations, such as the Menjangan Besar-Menjangan Kecil strait, the currents depend on the tidal conditions.

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Impacts of Flood on Crop Production in Haor Areas of Two Upazillas in Kishoregonj

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11581 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MNH Khan ◽

MY Mia ◽

MR Hossain

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Flood Control ◽

Flash Flood ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Control Measures ◽

Primary Data ◽

Land Use Pattern ◽

Controlling Measures ◽

Boro Rice

Haor is basin like structure where water remains either stagnant or in flash flooding condition during the months of June to November. In Bangladesh, haor areas are covered by Boro rice and produce a large amount. Severe flood damage this boro crop, so that the study was conducted to know the land use pattern and impact of flood on boro rice production. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected as survey sampling method (questionnaire, FGD, PRA etc.) from Itna and Mithamoin Upazilla where total respondents were 119. Secondary data were collected from Upazilla Administrations and Department of Agricultural Extension. Mainly descriptive statistics were employed to analyzing the data using MS Excel and SPSS. Most of the respondents were farmer. Major portion of their cultivable land are low land. Rabi is the only cropping season and during Kharif 1, and Kharif 2 lands became fallow due to inundate on flood water. In rabi season boro is the main crop and damaged by flash flood due to unavailability of controlling measures. Flood control measures would be taken to prevent huge loss of boro rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11581 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 193 198, 2012

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Analisis Kebutuhan Air Bersih Kecamatan Anjir Muara dan Kecamatan Anjir Pasar

Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil ◽

10.31961/gradasi.v3i1.745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

Riska Norastina ◽

Faryanto Effendi

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Water Demand ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Least Square ◽

Primary Data ◽

Clean Water ◽

Total Water ◽

Domestic Water

ABSTRAK Air adalah salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia yang sangat berperan penting dalam kehidupan, air dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, tergantung pada kondisi dan daerah setempat. Penyediaan air bersih untuk masyarakat saat ini menjadi salah satu permasalahan penting, dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Maka PDAM Unit IKK Anjir Muara Pasar perlu mengkaji kembali kebutuhan air bersih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan proyeksi penduduk 10 tahun mendatang menggunakan 3 metode yaitu metode aritmatik, metode geometrik, dan metode least square. Kebutuhan air bersih yang dihitung yaitu kebutuhan domestik, kebutuhan non domestik, dan kehilangan air. Sehingga didapatlah kebutuhan air total 10 tahun mendatang. Hasil perhitungan yaitu kebutuhan air domestik tahun 2028 adalah 37,053 L/dtk, kebutuhan air non domestik tahun 2028 adalah 2,27 L/dtk, kehilangan air tahun 2028 adalah 7,864 L/dtk. Total kebutuhan air tahun 2028 adalah 47,19 L/dtk, kapasitas produksi tahun 2028 yaitu 47,19 L/dtk. Kapasitas produksi yang terpasang saat ini adalah 70 L/dtk, sehingga pada tahun 2028 kapasitas yang terpasang saat ini memenuhi untuk 10 tahun ke depan. Abstract Water is one of the basic human needs that plays an important role in life, water can be obtained from various sources, depending on conditions and the local area. The provision of clean water for the community is now one of the important problems, in order to meet the growing need for clean water every year. So the IKK PDAM Unit Promote the Estuary Market needs to review the need for clean water. The research method used is by collecting primary data and secondary data, then calculating the population projection for the next 10 years using 3 methods, namely arithmetic methods, geometric methods, and least square method. The calculated clean water needs are domestic needs, non-domestic needs, and water loss. So that you get the total water needs for the next 10 years. The calculation result is that domestic water demand in 2028 is 37,053 L/sec, non-domestic water needs in 2028 are 2.27 L/sec, water loss in 2028 is 7.864 L/sec. The total water demand in 2028 is 47.19 L/sec, production capacity in 2028 is 47.19 L/sec. The currently installed production capacity is 70 L/sec, so that in 2028 the installed capacity currently meets for the next 10 years.

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Adaptability and transferability of flood loss functions in residential areas

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/nhessd-1-3485-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 3485-3527 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Cammerer ◽

A. H. Thieken ◽

J. Lammel

Keyword(s):

Flood Risk ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Model Development ◽

Loss Functions ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Damage Functions ◽

Residential Sector ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Flood Loss ◽

Loss Data

Abstract. Flood loss modeling is an important component within flood risk assessments. Traditionally, stage-damage functions are used for the estimation of direct monetary damage to buildings. Although it is known that such functions are governed by large uncertainties, they are commonly applied – even in different geographical regions – without further validation, mainly due to the lack of data. Until now, little research has been done to investigate the applicability and transferability of such damage models to other regions. In this study, the last severe flood event in the Austrian Lech Valley in 2005 was simulated to test the performance of various damage functions for the residential sector. In addition to common stage-damage curves, new functions were derived from empirical flood loss data collected in the aftermath of recent flood events in the neighboring Germany. Furthermore, a multi-parameter flood loss model for the residential sector was adapted to the study area and also evaluated by official damage data. The analysis reveals that flood loss functions derived from related and homogenous regions perform considerably better than those from more heterogeneous datasets. To illustrate the effect of model choice on the resulting uncertainty of damage estimates, the current flood risk for residential areas was assessed. In case of extreme events like the 300 yr flood, for example, the range of losses to residential buildings between the highest and the lowest estimates amounts to a factor of 18, in contrast to properly validated models with a factor of 2.3. Even if the risk analysis is only performed for residential areas, more attention should be paid to flood loss assessments in future. To increase the reliability of damage modeling, more loss data for model development and validation are needed.

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Pengaruh umur, pendidikan, upah, keterampilan, dan jenis kelamin terhadap lama mencari kerja bagi pekerja terdidik di Kota Jambi (studi kasus Kecamatan Kota Baru dan Telanaipura)

e-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan ◽

10.22437/jels.v9i1.11944 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Cici Swarsih ◽

Junaidi Junaidi ◽

Rosmeli Rosmeli

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Total Sample ◽

Least Square ◽

Primary Data ◽

Wage Level ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Independent Variables ◽

And Gender ◽

Multistage Sampling

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of educated workforce and to determine the effect of variables of age, education, wage level, skills and gender on duration of looking for work by educated worker in Jambi City. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from questionnaires and direct interviews with a total sample of 110 respondents. Sampling in this study uses a multistage sampling method that is sampling in stages. Data analysis methods used are descriptive and quantitative analysis. The analytical tool used is the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. The results of this study indicate that the independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on duration of looking for work. Partially the variables of age, education, wage level have a significant effect on duration of looking for work, while the skills and gender variables have no significant effect on the duration of looking for work.

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E-filling dan Relawan Pajak dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi

Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi ◽

10.33603/jka.v4i2.3949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

I Nyoman Darmayasa ◽

Bagus Putra Wibawa ◽

Ketut Nurhayanti

Keyword(s):

Sample Selection ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Primary Data ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Partial Least Square Method

AbstractThis research aims to analyze the effect of e-filling application and tax volunteer’s role to individual taxpayer’s compliance. In addition, this research also analyzes the effect of tax volunteer’s role as moderating variable on e-filling application to individual taxpayer’s compliance. This research analyzes primary data from distributed questionnaires to 100 individual taxpayers’ in assistance locations of Tax Volunteer from Politeknik Negeri Bali Tax Center. Sample selection in this research using purposive sampling technique. The testing of research variables was conducted using the Partial Least Square method with SmartPLS 3.0 application. The results showed that e-filling application and tax volunteers role had a positive and significant effect on individual taxpayer’s compliance. While there is no significant effect from the moderation of tax volunteer’s role in e-filling application to individual taxpayer’s compliance. This research has a novelty the role of tax volunteers in improving taxpayer compliance. Furthermore, this research has a practical contribution to the tax authority to increase the role of tax volunteers and to taxpayers on the participation of utilizing tax volunteers to improve compliance.Keywords: E-filling; Individual taxpayer; Tax compliance; Tax volunteerAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek dari penerapan e-filling dan peran relawan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Di samping itu, dilakukan pula pengujian moderasi relawan pajak atas pengaruh penerapan e-filling terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Penelitian ini menganalisis data primer dari kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 100 wajib pajak orang pribadi di lokasi asistensi Relawan Pajak Tax Center Politeknik Negeri Bali. Pemilihan sample pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengujian variabel penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Partial Least Square dengan aplikasi SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-filling dan peran relawan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Sedangkan terdapat pengaruh yang tidak signifikan pada moderasi peran relawan pajak atas penerapan e-filling terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbaruan peran relawan pajak dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Penelitian ini memiliki kontribusi praktis pada otoritas pajak untuk meningkatkan peran relawan pajak dan terhadap wajib pajak pada partisipasi memanfaatkan relawan pajak untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan.Kata Kunci: E-filling; Kepatuhan pajak; Relawan pajak; Wajib pajak orang pribadi

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Flood Risk Index Assessment: Case Study in Lenggor River Basin, Johor, Malaysia

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.27389 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.34) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Nurul Afiqa Adila Zakaria ◽

Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi ◽

Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽

Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

River Basin ◽

State Government ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Control ◽

Risk Index ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Control Limit ◽

Statistical Process ◽

Risk Class

The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of selected hydrological variables, to analyzed the significance factors influenced the occurrences of flood, to propose the flood control limit system and establish new flood risk index model in Lenggor River Basin based on secondary data derived from Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID). Application of Chemometric technique such as Spearman’s Correlation Test, Principle Component Analysis, Statistical Process Control and Flood Risk Index created the most efficient results. Result shows water level has strong factor loading of 0.78 and significant for flood warning alert system application. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) for the water level in study area is 33.23m while the risk index for the water level set by the constructed formula of flood risk index consisting 0-100. The results show 20.6% classified as High Risk Class with index range from 70 and above. Thus, these findings are able to facilitate state government to come out with a comprehensive plan of action in strengthening the flood risk management at Lenggor River basin, Johor.

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Impulse of Dividend Payment Decision: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangladesh

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v9n1p219 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Ariful Hoque

Keyword(s):

Stock Exchange ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Agency Cost ◽

Least Square ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Financial Leverage ◽

Dividend Payment ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Prime Objective

The dividend is the reward of shareholders of an organization in exchange for time and risk. For maximizing shareholder’s wealth, optimum dividend payout ratio is essential. The prime objective of this paper is to identify impulse of dividend payment decision of listed pharmaceutical companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange of Bangladesh. Dividend payment decision is the dependent variable and profitability, firm’s size, financial leverage, growth, and agency costs are taken as explanatory variables in this study. Collected secondary data are analyzed by econometrics software Eviews 8 through least square method. Formulated multiple regression models show value of R-square (R2) is 0.604817. R-square (R2) value indicates explanatory variables explain 60.48% variation of the dependent variable. The study also reveals that profitability and agency cost positively influence the dividend payment decision and firm’s size, financial leverage, growth negatively impact on the dividend payment decision of selected pharmaceutical companies. Among explanatory variables, profitability is not statistically significant at 5% significant level whereas firm’s size, financial leverage, growth and agency cost are found statistically significant at 5% significant level. So this paper finds that listed pharmaceutical companies in Dhaka Stock Exchange must consider firm’s size, financial leverage, growth and agency cost in their dividend payment decision.

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Flood Risk Index Assessment: Case Study in Lenggor River Basin, Johor, Malaysia

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.27388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.34) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Nurul Afiqa Adila Zakaria ◽

Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi ◽

Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽

Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

River Basin ◽

State Government ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Control ◽

Risk Index ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Control Limit ◽

Statistical Process ◽

Risk Class

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THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. ABYOR INTERNATIONAL

Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science ◽

10.31933/dijemss.v1i4.216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 479-489

Author(s):

Febrial Eka ◽

Herminingsih Anik

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Organizational Communication ◽

Employee Engagement ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Equation Model ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Primary Data ◽

Sample Method

This study aims to analyze the effect of organizational communication and job satisfaction, on employee engagement and employee performance. The research data used are primary data derived from questionnaires and secondary data derived from company data. The sample method used is the nonprobability method. The population comes from all employees of PT. Abyor International which is still active in September 2019. The analytical method used in this study is the Partial Least Square (PLS) Structured Equation Model (SEM) using Smart PLS version 3.0. The results showed that organizational communication and job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect to employee engagement. Organizational communication and job satisfaction have no significant effect to employee performance. Employee engagement has a positive and significant effect to employee performance. Employee engagement becomes mediator for organizational communication and job satisfaction variables in influencing employee performance.

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