Proprioception of Knee Joint in Athletes and Non-Athletes Obese

BACKGROUND: Proprioception plays an integral role in the neuromotor control of the knee joint. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of knee joint proprioception deficit and regular exercise activities with obesity.MATERIAL/METHOD: In this case control study, we had 60 participants, aged 18 to 35 in four groups (15 athletes obese; 15 athletes with normal weight; 15 non-athletes obese; 15 non-athletes with normal weight). The average Body Mass Index for the obese groups was 33.50±(3.10) kg/m2 and for the normal weight groups was 23.77±(2.94) kg/m2. We used a Biodex Multi-Joint System 4 Isokinetic Dynamometer to examine proprioception acuity as the amount of a subject's error when trying to reproduce a test knee extension angle (a measure of the joint position sense). We tested proprioception actively (active reproduction test; AAR) and passively (passive reproduction test; PAR) in the right leg.RESULTS: The non-athlete obese group had significantly poorer proprioception acuity in the knee extension movement compared to the normal weight groups and also compared to the athlete obese group. For knee active angle reproduction test AAR, a significant difference was found (p=0.011). The results for passive angle reproduction test PAR, revealed no significant differences between the four groups (p=0.596).CONCLUSIONS: The obese groups showed a deficit in the proprioception function in knee extension movement. Furthermore, the findings suggest that doing regular weight bearing training is associated with better proprioceptive function, even in obese groups. It could manifest that the deleterious effect of obesity on the knee joint proprioception might be stronger than the beneficial influence of exercise training.

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Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52018-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuan Hua Chen ◽

Li Li ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Zhi Bing Liu ◽

Li Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Weight Groups

Abstract The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.

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Obesity Does Not Preclude Safe and Effective Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Adults

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.51.51 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 51-51

Author(s):

Willis H. Navarro ◽

Manza-A Agovi ◽

Brent Logan ◽

Andrea Bacigalupo ◽

Karen K Ballen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Failure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Weight Group ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Underweight Patients ◽

Autologous Hct ◽

Weight Groups

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Obesity is increasingly common in the US and is frequently associated with co-morbid medical conditions that may increase the risk of HCT, often the optimal treatment for AML. HCT risk and outcomes for AML on the basis of body mass index (BMI) have not been well-characterized. Using data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), we have previously shown no significant difference in outcomes for autologous HCT for lymphoma among normal weight, overweight, and obese patients (pts) but worse outcomes for underweight pts (Navarro et al, BBMT 2006, 12(5): 541–51). Here, we compare outcomes by weight groups for AML patients who underwent autologous, related, or unrelated HCT. METHODS: Our final population included patients age ≥ 18 who underwent myeloablative unpurged autologous or allogeneic HCT for AML in 1st or 2nd complete remission, primary induction failure, or 1st relapse reported to the CIBMTR from 1995 to 2004. Cord blood HCTs were excluded. Four weight groups were defined based on BMI (BMI=weight (kg)/ height (m2)): underweight <18; normal=18–25; overweight >25–30; and obese >30. Treatment-related mortality (TRM), relapse, leukemia-free survival (LFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared using multivariable proportional hazards regression analysis accounting for patient, disease and HCT-related variables. RESULTS: We included 373 autologous, 2041 related, and 1801 unrelated transplant recipients. Patient-, disease-, and transplant characteristics were well-matched across weight groups and transplant types. Multivariable analysis examining risks (95% confidence intervals) relative to the normal weight group are: HCT Type Normal Underweight Overweight Obese -- =not done due to insufficient number of pts; NS=not significant; treatment failure = death or recurrence of disease. Autologous n=164 n=5 n=112 n=81 Death -- NS NS Treatment failure -- NS NS Relapse -- NS NS TRM -- NS NS Related Allogeneic n=1161 n=31 n=543 n=268 Death 1.86 (1.24–2.78) NS 1.23 (1.04–1.47) Treatment failure 2.08 (1.37–3.15) NS 1.19 (1.00–1.42) Relapse 2.02 (1.18–3.47) NS NS TRM 2.22 (1.17–4.22) NS 1.32 (1.02–1.70) Unrelated Allogeneic n=846 n=31 n=523 n=368 Death NS NS NS Treatment failure NS NS NS Relapse NS 0.82 (0.68–0.99) 0.76 (0.60–0.96) TRM NS NS NS CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in risk of TRM, LFS, relapse or OS for normal weight, overweight or obese patient groups who received autologous HCT. Obese recipients of related HCT for AML had increased risk of death, treatment failure, and TRM, though the magnitude was small, an effect was not seen in the unrelated HCT group. Underweight patients who received a related, but not unrelated HCT, fared substantially worse than normal weight patients for all outcomes. It may be that the higher risk of the unrelated HCT procedure masks important but less obvious risks associated with being underweight whereas in the related donor HCT setting, such risks become manifest. Small numbers of patients limit the ability to better characterize this finding in underweight patients. Disproportionately, fewer transplants have been reported in underweight patients which suggest they experience disease and patient-related factors that preclude transplantation. No differences were observed for incidence of acute or chronic GVHD for any weight group. Overweight and obesity should not be a barrier to HCT; however, caution should be exercised in selecting underweight patients for HCT.

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Criterion-Related Validity of Knee Joint-Position-Sense Measurement Using Image Capture and Isokinetic Dynamometry

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2013-0119 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicola Relph ◽

Lee Herrington

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Joint Position ◽

Image Capture ◽

Significant Difference

Context: Clinicians require portable, valid, and cost-effective methods to monitor knee joint-position-sense (JPS) ability. Objective: To examine the criterion-related validity of image-capture JPS measures against an isokinetic-dynamometer (IKD) procedure. Design: Random crossover design providing a comparison of knee JPS measures from image capture and IKD procedures. Participants: 10 healthy participants, 5 female, age 28.0 ± 13.29 y, mass 60.3 ± 9.02 kg, height 1.65 ± 0.07 m, and 5 male, 29.6 ± 10.74 y, mass 73.6 ± 5.86 kg, height 1.75 ± 0.07 m. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variables were absolute error scores (AES) provided by 2 knee directions (flexion and extension). The independent variables were the method (image capture and IKD). Results: There was no significant difference between clinical and IKD AED into knee-extension data (P = .263, r = 0.55). There was a significant difference between clinical and IKD AES into knee-flexion data (P = .016, r =.70). Conclusions: Analysis of photographic images to assess JPS measurements using knee flexion is valid against IKD techniques. However, photo-analysis measurements provided a lower error score using knee-extension data and thus may provide an optimal environment to produce maximal knee JPS acuity. Therefore, clinicians do not need expensive equipment to collect representative JPS ability.

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Effect of BMI on Knee Joint Torques in Ergometer Rowing

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.29.6.763 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 763-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen Roemer ◽

Tibor Hortobagyi ◽

Chris Richter ◽

Yolanda Munoz-Maldonado ◽

Stephanie Hamilton

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Joint Kinetics ◽

Joint Torques ◽

Ergometer Rowing ◽

Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽

High Bmi

Although an authoritative panel recommended the use of ergometer rowing as a non-weight-bearing form of exercise for obese adults, the biomechanical characterization of ergometer rowing is strikingly absent. We examined the interaction between body mass index (BMI) relative to the lower extremity biomechanics during rowing in 10 normal weight (BMI 18–25), 10 overweight (BMI 25–30 kg·m−2), and 10 obese (BMI > 30 kg·m−2) participants. The results showed that BMI affects joint kinematics and primarily knee joint kinetics. The data revealed that high BMI leads to unfavorable knee joint torques, implying increased loads of the medial compartment in the knee joint that could be avoided by allowing more variable foot positioning on future designs of rowing ergometers.

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Function of the Distal Part of the Vastus Medialis Muscle as a Generator of Knee Extension Twitch Torque

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5040098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Yoshitsugu Tanino ◽

Takaki Yoshida ◽

Wataru Yamazaki ◽

Yuki Fukumoto ◽

Tetsuya Nakao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Distal Part ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Quadriceps Femoris ◽

Joint Torque ◽

Vastus Medialis ◽

Knee Angle ◽

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Femoris Muscle

The distal part of the vastus medialis (VM) (VM obliquus: VMO) muscle acts as the medial stabilizer of the patella. However, it has been known to facilitate VMO contraction during training of the quadriceps femoris muscle in knee joint rehabilitation. This study aimed to examine the contribution degree of VMO as a knee joint extension torque generator. Sixteen healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) was performed on VMO at 60° knee angle for 20 min to induce muscle fatigue. Knee extension twitch torques (TT) at 90° and 30° knee angle evoked by femoral nerve stimulation were measured before and after EMS. Although each TT at 90° and 30° knee angle significantly decreased after EMS, the decreased TT rate in both joint angles showed no significant difference. Our results show that VMO might contribute to the generation of the knee joint torque at the same level in the range from flexion to extension. Therefore, it was suggested that the facilitating the neural drive for VMO is important during the quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening exercise.

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A longitudinal study of maternal anthropometric changes in normal weight, overweight and obese women during pregnancy and postpartum

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500001276 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Hora Soltani ◽

Robert B. Fraser

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Significant Difference

Many women associate one or more of their pregnancies with the development of adult obesity. Such an association has not been fully explored. This longitudinal study examines the changes in maternal anthropometric indices during pregnancy and postpartum. Seventy-seven pregnant subjects were investigated longitudinally at about 13, 25 and 36 weeks gestation, of whom forty-seven continued taking part into the postpartum period. Maternal weight, height and skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac and mid thigh) were measured at each visit. Maternal fat mass was estimated from the conversion of the first four skinfold thicknesses. Maternal waist and hip circumferences were also measured at the first visit and 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Weight and fat gain during pregnancy (13–36 weeks gestation) was 10·9 (SD 4·7) KG AND 4·6 (sd 3·3) kg (P < 0·001) respectively. A significant increase in fat mass from 13 weeks gestation to 6-months postpartum was observed (2·6 (sd 4·5), P < 0·001). The increased weight at 6-months postpartum, however, was not statistically significant (1·1 (sd 6·0) kg, P = 0·20). Based on BMI in early pregnancy, the subjects were divided into groups of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. The last three groups were compared using ANOVA. The obese group showed a significant difference in the pattern of changes in the skinfold thickness, waist: hip ratio and fat mass at the postpartum period, in comparison with the other two groups. In conclusion, there is a tendency in the obese group to develop central obesity at the postpartum period.

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Effects of a Single Session of Floss Band Intervention on Flexibility of Thigh, Knee Joint Proprioception, Muscle Force Output, and Dynamic Balance in Young Adults

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112412052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 12052

Author(s):

Nai-Jen Chang ◽

Wei-Chun Hung ◽

Chia-Lun Lee ◽

Wen-Dien Chang ◽

Bo-Han Wu

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Muscle Force ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Force Output ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hamstring Flexibility ◽

Knee Muscle

The floss band (FB) has been correlated with increases in the joint range of motion (ROM). However, the literature on FB effectiveness in knee joint ROM and athletic performance remains sparse. This study investigated the effects of FB on the flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings, knee joint proprioception, muscle force output, and dynamic balance in men. Thirty recreationally active men without musculoskeletal disorders were randomized to receive FB (Lime Green; Sanctband flossband) and elastic bandage (EB) intervention on the dominant knee joint. Participants received two interventions on two occasions with 2 days of rest between interventions. The primary outcome was the flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings; the secondary outcomes were knee proprioception (joint reposition angle error), knee muscle force output, and dynamic balance. Preintervention and postintervention (immediately following band removal and 20 min later) measurements were obtained. After FB intervention, hamstring flexibility (immediately: p < 0.001; 20 min later: p < 0.001) and quadriceps flexibility (immediately: p < 0.001; 20 min later: p < 0.001), quadriceps muscle force output (immediately: p = 0.007; 20 min later: p < 0.001), and dynamic balance (both immediately and 20 min later, p < 0.001) were significantly improved. Compared with EB intervention, FB intervention significantly improved knee extension ROM (immediately and 20 min later, both p < 0.001), knee flexion ROM (immediately, p = 0.01; 20 min later, p = 0.03), hamstrings muscle force output (20 min later, p = 0.022) and dynamic balance (immediately, p = 0.016; 20 min later, p = 0.004). Regarding proprioception, no significant difference among time points and conditions was observed. In conclusion, FB intervention can significantly improve the flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings, quadriceps muscle force output, and dynamic balance without impeding knee proprioception. Physiotherapists or athletic professionals may consider FB intervention as a potential tool as a warmup to enhance the flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings, quadriceps muscle force output, and dynamic balance in young adults.

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The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Surgery

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.30.97 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

Dwikora Novembri Utomo ◽

Purwati ◽

Damayanti Tinduh ◽

Nanang Hari Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Acl Reconstruction ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Reconstruction Surgery ◽

Structure Degradation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

Proprioceptive Function

A torn in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) caused by interference with the proprioceptive function of the knee joint can result in decreased function and other joint structure degradation that ultimately affect to daily activities. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in recent studies to improve the healing of soft tissue injuries because it contains a lot of growth factor. This study was to determine the effect of platelet rich plasma in ACL reconstruction surgery. ACL reconstruction patients either with or without PRP were evaluated with Joint Position Sense (JPS) and Threshold To Detection of Passive Motion (TTDPM) measurements and the results were compared. From this study found 20 patients who had ACL reconstruction performed either with or without PRP. The test results showed statistically significant differences JPS in patients with ACL reconstruction who given PRP and not, at angle of 30˚ (p=0,037) and 45˚ (p=0,034). It also obtained a non-significant difference TTDPM in both groups (p=0,172). The conclusion obtained in this study is the addition of platelet rich plasma in patients with ACL reconstruction of knee joint can improve the function of JPS at an angle of 30˚ and 45˚, while the function of TTDPM is not increased significantly.

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A comparative study of thyroid stimulating hormone among lean and obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 4711

Author(s):

Sangeetha M. C. ◽

Suman Shivanagouda Patil ◽

Nalini Arunkumar

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Obese Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Tsh Levels

Background: The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an abnormality of young women of reproductive age. Between 20-50% of women with PCOS are normal weight or thin, and the pathophysiology of the disorder in these women may be related to a hypothalamic-pituitary defect that results in increased release of LH. PCOS and Thyroid disorders share certain common characteristics, risk factors, and pathophysiological abnormalities. In this study we have compared the serum TSH levels in obese and non-obese PCOS women to detect if there is a significant difference in the occurrence of hypothyroidism based on the BMI.Methods: Non-pregnant women attending the gynecological OPD diagnosed with PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria were included. Serum TSH was done in all women diagnosed as PCOS and based on their BMI women were either included in obese or non-obese group using Asian cut-off for BMI and the values compared.Results: In the present study 152 women were included. Women with low BMI and normal BMI were grouped as lean PCOS or non-obese PCOS and the overweight and obese women together were grouped as obese PCOS. The total number in the lean group was 28 and 124 in the obese group. Raised serum TSH levels were observed in 23.02%(35) women out of which 17.14%(6) belonged to the non-obese group and the remaining 82.85%(29) to the obese group. Among the 152 women thyroid enlargement was seen in 1.3%(2). Both women had raised serum TSH levels and both belonged to the obese group.Conclusions: The results of our study seem to indicate that thyroid dysfunction in PCOS women developed irrespective of presence or absence of obesity.

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Obesity Induces Different Regional Patterns of Lymph Node Involvement: Assay on 8,979 Thyroid Cancers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-85904/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Changlin Li ◽

Nan Liang ◽

Gianlorenzo Dionigi ◽

Haixia Guan ◽

Hui Sun

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Node Involvement ◽

Central Neck Dissection ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Regional Patterns ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the first station of extra-gland metastasis of thyroid cancer. LN status can influence clinical decisions and the prognosis of patients. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between obesity and regional patterns of LN involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Materials and methods This study retrospectively analyzed the data from 8,979 thyroid cancer patients. The rate of LN metastasis, the number of LN metastasis, the maximum diameter of positive LN, the number of LN dissections, and the LN ratios (LNR) were compared between normal-weight and obese patients.Results LN metastasis was more common in the obese group than normal-weight patients with PTC (52.6 vs. 42.0%, P <0.001). The number of LN metastasis and the maximum diameter of positive LNs were also higher in obese patients (2.41 vs. 1.79, P <0.001; 2.00 vs. 1.60, P =0.007, respectively). The number of lateral neck LN dissections was higher in the obese group (14.37 vs. 12.10, P <0.001), there was no significant difference in the central LNs. The LNR was higher in the central LNs of obese patients (0.18 vs. 0.14, P <0.001), yet there was no difference in the lateral LNs.Conclusions Obesity was associated with poor prognoses with PTC, which was related to the LNs. There was an inverse regional difference (central and lateral LNs) between obesity and the number of LN dissections and LNR, suggesting that caution was needed when performing central neck dissection in obese patients.

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