scholarly journals Prevalence and Mean Intensity of Myxobolus spp. Parasitizing Oreochromis niloticus in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Guy Benoit LEKEUFACK FOLEFACK ◽  
Chanceline MALA KENGNE ◽  
Bienvenu FEUDJIO DONGMO ◽  
Abraham FOMENA
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Myxobolus Species ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Oreochromis niloticus, being one of the most commonly cultured fish on earth constitutes a favorable biotope for myxosporidia. This study provides information concerning the prevalence and mean intensity of Myxobolus species recorded in the kidney and spleen of O. niloticus. O. niloticus were sampled in farming ponds at Bamendou in Cameroon. Classic methods concerning fishing, fish autopsy and search of Myxosporidia were used. Prevalence and mean intensity was calculated. Data analysis based on the chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test was done. The study revealed the presence of six Myxobolus species in the kidney and spleen of O. niloticus. All parasites species appeared frequent while their mean intensity was low or very low. The occurrence of M. fotoi was statistically lower (P < 0.05) in the kidney’s anterior portion while the mean intensity of M. agolus was statistically (P < 0.01) higher in the anterior portion of the spleen. Myxobolus cichlidarum was not found in kidney of young fish and occurrence of M. agolus statistically increases (P < 0.05) with host age. Host sex has significant influence (P < 0.05) on: occurrence of M. agolus, M. fotoi, M. agolus, M. brachysporus and M. heterosporus; and mean intensity of M. fotoi. The study revealed that in O. niloticus, the kidney and spleen harboured the same parasites species and there were only few variations in occurrences and mean intensities of parasites species recorded as function of host organs, age and sex.

scholarly journals Ex vivo accuracy of three electronic apex locators using different apical file sizes

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos ◽  
Leonardo de Alencar Matos ◽  
Elilton Cavalcante Pinheiro-Júnior ◽  
Antônio Sérgio Teixeira de Menezes ◽  
Nilton Vivacqua-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Visual Measurement ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

This study evaluated the accuracy of three electronic apex locators (Root ZX, Novapex, and Justy II) in root canal length determinations using different apical file sizes, considering the apical constriction (AC) and the major foramen (MF) as anatomic references. The diameter of the apical foramina of 40 single-rooted teeth was determined by direct visual measurement and the master apical file was established. Electronic measurements were then performed using 3 instruments: the selected master apical file (adjusted file), one size smaller (intermediate file), and two sizes smaller (misfit file). The distances from the tip of files fixed in the canals to the MF and to the AC were measured digitally. Precision at AC and at MF for the misfit, intermediate and adjusted apical files was as follows: 80%/88%/83% and 78%/83%/95% (Root ZX); 80%/85%/80% and 68%/73%/73% (Novapex); and 78%/80%/78% and 65%/78%/70% (Justy II). Considering the mean discrepancies, statistically significant differences were found only for the adjusted file at MF, with Root ZX presenting the best results at MF. The chi-square test showed significant differences between the acceptable measurements at AC and at MF for the Justy II and Novapex (± 0.5 mm) regardless of file adjustment. Under the conditions of the present study, all devices provided acceptable electronic measurements regardless of file adjustment, except for Root ZX which had its performance improved significantly when the precisely fit apical file was used. Justy II and Novapex provided electronic measurements nearest to the AC.

scholarly journals Facial Profile Shape, Malocclusion and Palatal Morphology in Malay Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Banabilh ◽  
A. R. Samsudin ◽  
A. H. Suzina ◽  
Sidek Dinsuhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: Subjects were 120 adult Malays aged 18 to 65 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 33.2 ± 13.31) divided into two groups of 60. Both groups underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography (PSG). The mean OSA and control values were subjected to t-test and the chi square test. Results: Physical examination showed that 61.7% of the OSA patients were obese, and 41.7% of those obese patients had severe OSA. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater for the OSA group (33.2 kg/m2 ± 6.5) than for the control group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 3.5; P < .001). The mean neck size and systolic blood pressure were greater for the OSA group (43.6 cm ± 6.02; 129.1 mm Hg ± 17.55) than for the control group (35.6 cm ± 3.52; 114.1 mm Hg ± 13.67; P < .001). Clinical examination showed that the most frequent findings among OSA groups when compared with the control group were convex profiles (71.7%), Class II malocclusion (51.7%), and V palatal shape (53.3%), respectively; the chi square test revealed a significant difference in terms of facial profile and malocclusion class (P < .05), but no significant difference in palatal shape was found. Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. A convex facial profile and Class II malocclusion were significantly more common in the OSA group. The V palatal shape was a frequent finding in the OSA group.

Spinal Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Faisal Konbaz ◽  
Taif Alqahtani ◽  
Nada Alharthi ◽  
Mohammad Baraja ◽  
Nazish Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
American Society

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the healthcare system’s capacities around the world. Due to the alarming situation, medical activities have been restricted to allocate resources to treat COVID-19-infected patients. However, medical emergencies still need urgent medical intervention. Considering the lack of reliable data regarding spinal surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study sought to analyze the pattern of spinal surgeries in KSA. Methodology: A case series of patients who had urgent spine surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Data on patients’ demographics, COVID-19 test result, American Society of Anesthesia Score, SSS grade, diagnosis, and data related to surgery and postoperative findings were collected. All collected data were then processed and analyzed. Surgical outcomes based on source of admission were compared using Chi-square test. Result: A total of 63 patients who underwent spine surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. The mean age of the patients was 53 ± 18 years and males were predominant (59%). The positive COVID-19 patients were 3%. Almost half of the patients were classified into ASA II. The majority were categorized into grade B (65%) according to SSS. The frequently diagnosed condition was fracture (33%), followed by spinal stenosis (18%) and metastatic (10%), while the most mentioned location was lumbar (61%). Postoperative complications were found in 11% of the patients. The readmission rate within 30 days, unplanned return to OR and ICU admission were 19%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. While the mean duration between admission and surgery was 8 ± 20 days, the mean duration of length of stay was 20 ± 29 days. Further, a significant association was seen between the admission source and the surgical procedure performed and surgical indication. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that the surgical intervention was only provided to patients requiring immediate or urgent spinal management. However, the length of hospitalization and duration between hospital admission and surgery was substantially prolonged. Further studies are warranted to determine the factors leading to prolonged hospitalization and time between hospital admission and surgery.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem in People with Physical Disabilities: Differences between Active and Inactive Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nemček
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the status of SE in people with physical disabilities (PwPD) and compare SE scores between active and inactive individuals. The sample of PwPD (n = 186) was divided into two groups of those who are regularly participating in sport (active; n = 88) and those who are not participating in any sport in their leisure (inactive; n = 98). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used as a primary research method. 10-item scale measures global self-worth by measuring positive and negative feelings about the self. Higher scores (from 10 to 40 points) indicate higher SE. The Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the differences of 10 RSES items and total scores between active and inactive PwPD. We found that the mean score of RSES in PwPD was 28.83 points; active PwPD observed total score of RSES 30.01 points and group of inactive PwPD showed the lowest SE by achieving 27.76 points. Mean scores comparison of each RSES item between active and inactive PwPD revealed higher SE in the group of active PwPD. Significantly higher SE was presented by 4 from 10 RSES items and by total score in the group of active PwPD. The results of our study confirmed that actively living PwPD have significantly higher SE comparing those PwPD who are living sedentary life style.

scholarly journals Systemic disorders and the prognosis of stroke in Congolese patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Marc Tshilanda ◽  
Ulrick S. Kanmounye ◽  
Remy Kapongo ◽  
Michel Tshiasuma
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Arterial Hypotension ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death, disability, and dementia in developing countries. Our study aimed to evaluate the systemic disorders associated with mortality in patients admitted within 72 hours of the initial stroke event. Setting: The study took place at a tertiary hospital in Kinshasa. Participants: Patients admitted within 72 hours of the initial stroke event. Interventions: This cross-sectional study consisted of a retrospective review of stroke patient records from January 2016 to December 2018. The Pearson-Chi square test and odds ratios were calculated with a threshold of significance of 0.05. Main outcome measures: Mortality Results: We recruited 114 cases. The mean age was 61.8 ± 2.4 years, and the sex ratio was 1.78 in favor of men. Hypertension (76.3%), dyslipidemia (71.1%), and diabetes mellitus (58.8%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Most patients had hypoxia (85.9%), hypertension (82.4%), hyperglycemia (57.8%), and fever (28.1%). We registered thirty-two deaths (28.1%): 20 (62.5%) from the ischemic strokes, and 12 (37.5%) from hemorrhagic strokes. Systemic disorders with the worst prognosis during were arterial hypotension (OR=3.87, p >0.001), and fever (OR = 1.56, p = 0.047). Conclusion: Arterial hypotension and fever adversely affect stroke patient outcomes, and strokes are responsible for high mortality in Congo

scholarly journals Effect of ondansetron on spinal induced hypotension in caesarean deliveries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Pujan Balla ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Ninadini Shrestha ◽  
Navindra Bista ◽  
Moda Nath Marhatta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique of anesthesia employed for caesarean sections. However, it is very often complicated by hypotension. Different drugs and techniques have been used to prevent the hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia. In this study, the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia was evaluated. Objectives: To determine the effect of prophylactic ondansetron on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methodology: Eighty-six parturients planned for elective caesarean deliveries were randomized into two groups of 43 each. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg (4 ml) and Group S received Normal Saline (4 ml) intravenously 10 minutes prior to spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, phenylephrine requirements, occurrence of nausea and vomiting and APGAR scores of neonates were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for intergroup comparison and ANOVA was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. For all determinants, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Occurrence of hypotension in Group O (20.9 %) was significantly lower than in Group S (72.1%) (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Group O at 2, 6, 8, 12 and 14 minutes (p < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine (37.21 mcg vs. 146.51 mcg, p < 0.05) and occurrence of nausea (11.6%, vs. 41.9% p < 0.002) was significantly lower in ondansetron group. Conclusion: Ondansetron is effective in preventing spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean sections.

scholarly journals Fishery regulamentation or ethnoknowledge? The dilemma of the management of the mapará fisheries on the lower Tocantins river in northern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e131101118963
Author(s):  
Esther Mirian Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Allison Costa da Mata ◽  
Matheus dos Santos Souza ◽  
Maria Clara Pinheiro de Souza ◽  
Victoria Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tocantins River ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The fishery of mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus) is of great economic importance in the Amazon region. Despite this, it is observed that the current norms of management disagree with the ethnoknowledge of fishermen of the Tocantins river. Therefore, there are many seizures and fines in the Tocantins Low region. This work appeared as a demand of the fishermen of the region and had as purpose to test the pertinence of the fishing legislation on the capture of the species and to provide subsidies for the adaptation of the norms to the local reality. For this, a mapará fishery was taken on the Pindobal Grande river, in the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, in the state of Pará. A sample of the captured individuals was collected, and identification, sexing and biometry were done. Fishing was described, and the sex ratio tested with the Chi-Square test and the mean length differences between the sexes with the Student's t-test. The results were compared with current legislation and literature data. The captured mapará individuals were mostly above 30 cm, as determined by legislation. It is concluded that, despite using a network that is prohibited, the capture of the species in the region acts selectively, due to the ethno-cognition and the fisherman's action ("taleiro"). Therefore, it is necessary that the legislation be revised, seeking the reconciliation between the conservation of ecosystems, the traditional knowledge and the socioeconomic development of the region.

scholarly journals Education and Behavioural Barriers for Menstrual Health Communication between Parent and Adolescent Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma K G
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Parental Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

This study is an empirical attempt to understand parental communication about bleeding, first period and dysmenorrhea with adolescent girls. It examines the barriers of communication from the adolescent girls' perspective. The study was conducted in a couple of taluks of ballari district, i.e., Sandur and Hospet. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive research design was adopted. The data was gathered using the interview schedule from 260 adolescent girls adopting a random sampling method. The findings of the study reveal that the mean age of the adolescent girls was 15.34 years. It was found that the parents' behaviour and educational level impact communication with adolescent girls with reference to bleeding, first period and dysmenorrhea. The Chi-Square test has been done to assess the relationship between communicational barriers and education. The ANOVA test has been applied to understand the relationship between parents' behaviour, educational level and communication barriers.

Psychiatric Disorders in New Cancer Patients in Semnan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739-1742
Author(s):  
Nilufar Safaie ◽  
Hadi Zeinali ◽  
Nazila Ghahramanfard ◽  
Majid Mirmohammadkhani ◽  
Mohammadreza Moonesan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Key Words Cancer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction & Objective: Definitive diagnosis of cancer in patients, the duration of treatment, and grueling treatment methods can provide a basis for psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety in patients; accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting these disorders in patients who were newly diagnosed with cancer. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 122 cancer patients in 1397 in Semnan, Iran. Data were collected using the HADS questionnaire. In order to compare the subgroups in terms of frequencies, Chi-square test and, if necessary, more accurate Fisher test were used. Numerical variables were compared using T-test or Mann Whitney U test. Results: In the present study, the mean of total anxiety was about 28.6% and the mean of total depression among patients was 26.2%. 80% of women and 74.3% of people without income had anxiety and there was a significant relationship between gender and income with anxiety in cancer patients (p <0/05). The variables of age, sex, income level, education level were not significantly associated with depression (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the levels of psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety and depression in cancer patients, to control this issue, providing psychiatric interventions in the treatment program of these patients can be effective. Key words: Cancer, Anxiety, Depression, Psychiatric disorders

scholarly journals Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Dibothriocephalus Latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy): An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5070
Author(s):  
Vasco Menconi ◽  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Ivana Momo ◽  
Davide Mugetti ◽  
Maria Cristina Bona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
European Perch ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea; syn. Diphyllobothrium latum), is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite responsible for diphyllobothriasis in humans. Although D. latus has long been studied, many aspects of its epidemiology and distribution remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, mean intensity of infestation, and mean abundance of plerocercoid larvae of D. latus in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and its spatial distribution in three commercial fishing areas in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy). A total of 598 specimens of P. fluviatilis were caught in 2019. The total prevalence of D. latus was 6.5%. However, there were significant differences between areas (10.2% North; 7.3% Center; 1.5% South) (Chi-square test, p = 0.0018). The mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 larva in southern area to 1.2 larvae in both the central and northern (Pisogne) areas. In addition, the mean abundance ranged from 0.02 in the southern area to 0.26 in the northern area (Pisogne). The total number of larvae (anterior dorsal—AD = 21; anterior ventral—AV = 1; posterior dorsal—PD = 15; posterior ventral—PV = 5) differed significantly between the four anatomical quadrants (Kruskal–Wallis test; p = 0.0001). The prevalence of D. latus plerocercoid larvae in European perch from Lake Iseo has long been investigated, but without an appropriate sampling design. With the present study, a broader analysis in spatial distribution has been added to the existing literature, revealing new information about D. latus distribution and occurrence in Lake Iseo, with new data that will be useful for health authorities and future studies.

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