scholarly journals Effect of Beta-propeller Phytase from Pichia pastoris on Energy Partition in Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei Fed a Plant Protein-Based Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Gamboa ◽  
Gerard Cuzon ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Olazaran ◽  
Jose M. Viader-Salvado ◽  
Gabriela Gaxiola
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Energy Partition ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new isolated exogenous Beta-propeller phytase (FTEII) obtained from Pichia pastoris, on growth, survival and energy partition of juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei fed a plant protein diet. Two treatments were designed for the experiment: a plant protein-based diet without phytase (T1), and adiet comprisingpretreated plant protein with Beta-propeller phytase (T2). The gowth rate monitored over 30 days significantly improved when phytase was added to the diet (T2) compared to control T1(p<0.05), and survival rates were similar between treatments (p>0.05). Energy partitioning was affected by basal metabolism (HeE) which was similar in both dietary treatments (p> 0.05) but the heat increment of feeding (HiE) was higher with T1 than T2 (p<0.05), whereas retained energy (RE) increased in T2 compared to T1 (p<0.05). In summary, exogenous phytase added to a plant protein-based diet decreased the negative effect of phytic acid, released phosphorus, and therefore improved weight gain.

SECRETED EXPRESSION OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI LYSOZYME GENE IN PICHIA PASTORIS AND ITS BIOACTIVITY DETECTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096
Author(s):  
Shu-Guang BIAN ◽  
Hua-Xin CHEN ◽  
Peng JIANG ◽  
Hai-Bo ZHANG ◽  
Zhao-Pu LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Lysozyme Gene ◽  
Secreted Expression

scholarly journals Obesity and the Heat Increment of Feeding

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 223 (5202) ◽  
pp. 213-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. STOCK
Keyword(s):  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment

scholarly journals Heat increment of feeding in Brunnich's guillemot

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hawkins ◽  
P Butler ◽  
A Woakes ◽  
G Gabrielsen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Persistent Elevation

The rate of oxygen consumption (O2), respiratory quotient (RQ) and deep body temperature (TB) were recorded during a single, voluntary ingestion of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida (mean mass 18.9+/-1.1 g, s.e.m., N=13) by five postabsorptive Brunnich's guillemots (thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia). The birds were resting in air within their thermoneutral zone, and the fish were refrigerated to 0-2 degreesC. The rate of oxygen consumption increased by a factor of 1.4 during the first few minutes after ingestion, but there was no significant change in TB. Mean rate of oxygen consumption returned to preingestive levels 85 min after the birds ate the fish. The telemetered temperature of one fish reached TB within 20 min. This suggests that the persistent elevation in O2 over the next hour corresponded to the obligatory component of the heat increment of feeding (HIF) and was not related to heating the fish. Abdominal temperature increases after diving bouts in free-ranging common guillemots (common murre, Uria aalge) are possibly achieved through the HIF, since meals are processed at sea. Of the increase in O2 measured in the laboratory, it is calculated that 30 % is required to heat the fish, while 70 % is due to the HIF. In free-ranging birds, the excess heat provided by the HIF could contribute 6 % of the daily energy expenditure. This suggests that the HIF augments heat production in Uria spp. and thus reduces the energetic cost of thermoregulation.

scholarly journals Physiological and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei undergoing the acute phase of the necrotizing hepatopancreatitis disease and after being treated with oxytetracycline and FF

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
Luis R. Martínez-Córdova ◽  
Teresa Gollas-Galván ◽  
Estefanía Garibay-Valdez ◽  
Rocío Valenzuela-Gutiérrez ◽  
Marcel Martínez Porchas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Clotting Protein ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Shock Proteins

The physiological and immune responses of adult shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) undergoing the acute phase of the necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) disease and the efficiency of oxytetracycline (OXI) and florfenicol (FF) to eliminate the pathogen were evaluated. Four shrimp groups were considered: three groups infected with necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHP-B) (two treated with antibiotics and a positive control) and one group non-infected (negative control). Hemolymph concentration of glucose, lactate, acylglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, aminotransferases, superoxide dismutase, and the transcriptional expression of several immune related genes were monitored at the acute phase of the disease, and at 15 and 20 days after administration of antibiotics (daa). Shrimp from the positive control registered a mortality of 100%. NHP-B infection affected the immu-nophysiological response of shrimp; herein, most of the parameters were significantly up regulated in infected shrimp before the use of antibiotics, compared to the negative control. Increased transcriptional levels of clotting protein, lipopolysaccharide and β-1-3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), serine protease, peroxinectin, lysozyme, heat shock proteins (HSP) 60 and 70 were detected in shrimp treated with OXI. At 20 daa NHP-B was still detected in FF-treated shrimp, but not in OXI-treated shrimp. It is hypothesized that despite none of the antibiotics per se eliminated the bacterium, both had a negative effect on its virulence. OXI seems to have a greater effect, allowing shrimp to integrate a better immune response at 15 daa.

scholarly journals Energy partitioning of pregnant and lactating rabbit fed combination of concentrate and stylosanthes hamata hay

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
D. T. Tsavkar ◽  
M. Y. Latu ◽  
D. T. Tsavkar ◽  
A. K. Olutunmogun ◽  
P. P. Barje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The study was carried out to examine energy partitioning of pregnant and lactating rabbit offered levels of concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay to ascertain whether it meets their high reproductive and nutritional requirement. Forty-eight nulliparous crossbred does (New Zealand White x California and California x Chinchilla breeds) of eight months old were allocated to four dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. During gestation, 150 g/doe/day concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations (30:120g, 60:90g, 90:60g and 120:30g) was offered while 350 g/doe/day concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations (70:280g, 140:210g, 210:140g and 280:70g) was offered during lactation. Estimations of digestible energy during pregnancy and lactation were carried out and reference data were used to calculate forDE DE DE DE BalanceDE and DE /LW0.75. req, m, fg, macc, req Results obtained showed non-significant (P>0.05) difference among 90:60 and 120:30% concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations in terms of DM DE DE DE intake, intake, req, fg, DE BalanceDE and DE /LW0.75, but were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 30:120 and macc, req 60:90% concentrate and Stylosanthes hamata hay combinations. Rabbit in the 4th week of pregnancy had significantly (P<0.05) higher DE DE DE DE BalanceDE and intake, req, fg, macc, DE /LW0.75 than does in the 2nd week of pregnancy. During lactation, all parameters showed req non-significant (P>0.05) difference. Therefore, the diet combinations were sufficient to provide adequate digestible energy for the physiological needs of does during pregnancy and lactation.

Hormonal factors in reduced postprandial heat production of exercise-trained subjects

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc ◽  
P. Diamond ◽  
J. Cote ◽  
A. Labrie
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment

The influence of exercise training on postprandial heat production was investigated in human subjects. Whereas resting metabolic rate was comparable for trained and nontrained subjects, the heat increment of feeding (HIF) after subjects consumed a meal containing 755 kcal was approximately 50% smaller in the trained subjects. Measurements of respiratory quotient also indicated a reduction of about 50% in glucose oxidation associated with exercise training. The levels of plasma norepinephrine increased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 200 to 300 pg/ml in the sedentary subjects, but the changes observed in trained subjects were not significant. During the early phase of the meal, plasma levels of insulin were increased, even before nutrients appeared in the blood. Throughout the study the enhanced sensitivity to insulin of the trained subjects was confirmed. the postprandial heat production was diminished in exercise-trained subjects, and it is suggested that this could be related to a reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Another possibility is that this reduction in HIF is related to a facilitation of glucose disposal in the form of glycogen rather than in the form of lipids.

Compensatory effect of the heat increment of feeding on thermoregulation costs of white-tailed deer fawns in winter

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1474-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G Jensen ◽  
Peter J Pekins ◽  
James B Holter
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Chamber ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Minor Portion ◽  
A Minor

For northern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, the energetic cost of thermoregulation (HcE) during severe winters can result in substantial catabolism of body-tissue reserves. The heat increment of feeding (HiE) has the potential to offset thermoregulatory energy expenditure that would otherwise require the catabolism of these reserves. During winters 1996 and 1997, we conducted 18 fasting and 18 on-feed heat-production trials using indirect respiration calorimetry in a metabolic chamber. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to estimate the lower critical temperatures (Tlc) and determine the fasting metabolic rate (FMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Resulting models were used to calculate HiE, HcE, and percent substitution of HiE for HcE. For fawns fed a natural browse diet, estimated FMR and RMR were 352 and 490 kJ·kg body mass (BM)-0.75·d-1, respectively; this 40% increase in thermoneutral heat production reduced Tlc from -0.8 to -11.2°C between the fasted and fed states, respectively, and reduced HcE by 59% for fed fawns. For fawns fed a concentrate diet, estimated FMR and RMR were 377 and 573 kJ·kg BM-0.75·d-1, respectively. Level of browse intake had a significant effect on RMR andTlc. RMR was 12% higher for fawns on a high versus a low level of intake, and estimated Tlc was -15.6 and -5.8°C, respectively. Our data indicate that the energetic cost of thermoregulation is probably a minor portion of the energy budget of a healthy fawn consuming natural forage.

scholarly journals 178 A systematic review and meta-analysis of Ca digestibility and utilisation in growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Maciej M Misiura ◽  
Joao A N Filipe ◽  
Carrie L Walk ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The development of dietary recommendations based on digestible Ca values is an essential step to optimize pig performance and feed conversion because the present guidelines, expressed on total dietary Ca, are inadequate, as they ignore endogenous losses and the digestion process. A systematic review and meta-analysis of digestibility trials were performed to quantify factors affecting Ca absorption and retention, and to estimate endogenous Ca losses. Forty studies, corresponding to 201 dietary treatments performed on 1,204 growing pigs, were selected. Data analysis was performed in R using weighted linear mixed effects regression. The results indicated that while Ca absorption and retention (g/kg of BW/day) increased with increasing Ca (P < 0.001), with non-phytate-P (P < 0.001) and with exogenous phytase intakes (P < 0.001), these responses decreased with increasing phytate-P intake (P < 0.05). Interactions were detected between exogenous phytase and Ca intake (P < 0.001), indicating reduced efficacy of this enzyme, and between phytate-P intake and exogenous phytase (P < 0.05), indicating reversing of the direct negative effect of phytate-P on Ca absorption and retention. Based on the recommended Ca and P intake for a 25 kg pig, an exogenous phytase supplementation of 1,000 FTU/day could potentially improve Ca digestibility by 20–25%. There were no effects of animal characteristics (e.g. ‘genotype’) on Ca absorption and retention. The large amount of variance explained in Ca absorption (90%) and retention (91%) supported our a priori choice of independent variables. Estimated endogenous Ca losses were 239 mg/kg of DM (95% CI 114, 364). When scaled by bodyweight, the endogenous Ca excretion on Ca-and-P-free diets was 20.5 mg/kg of BW/day (95% CI 5.46, 36.5). These outcomes should contribute to a reassessment of Ca requirements, which should lead to a more accurate formulation of pig diets.

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