scholarly journals Gender Exclusion in Textbooks: A Comparative Study of Female Representation in Provincial ELT Textbooks of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Sajid Waqar ◽  
Mamuna Ghani
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
National Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Images ◽  
Analytical Tools

The focus of this study was female gender representation in secondary level ELT textbooks published by four different textbook boards of Pakistan, namely Baluchistan Textbook Board, Sindh Textbook Board, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah Textbook Board and Punjab Textbook Board. It targeted a comprehensive comparison between the female gender images as represented in four sets of textbooks and gender conceptions of their respective female readers. To achieve the objectives, the study was divided into two parts: In part 1, the textbooks by four state-run textbook boards were analyzed and in part 2, their respective female readers’ gender conceptions were collected and analyzed. The study employed multi-dimensional analytical tools like manifest, latent analysis and Fairclough (2001) CDA model for interpretation and explanation of textbook discourse. The study revealed a low representation share of female gender in four sets of textbooks. It brought out that female readership had stereotype conceptions regarding the attributes, professions and activities as appropriate for the female gender. It was also found that Sindh and Punjab Textbook Boards had improved female gender representation than other provincial textbook boards. The quantitative findings of part 2 proposed that textbooks could play a vital part in modeling gender conceptions of readership as Sindh and Punjab Textbook Boards’ female readership showed better gender conceptions. The study recommended a gender-based test of the textbooks at national level prior to publication to ensure gender equality as directed in National Curriculum.

scholarly journals Maskuliniti yang Diruntuhkan Feminiti: Satu Penelitian Stereotaip Gender dalam Novel Seri Dewi Malam Karya Affifudin Haji Omar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Hasmah Wan Teh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Feminist Ideology ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
And Gender

Ideologi feminis menyumbang kepada fahaman bahawa lelaki dan perempuan dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman kehidupan yang berbeza ketika menghasilkan sesebuah karya kreatif. Feminis percaya bahawa pengarang lelaki tidak dapat menampilkan dimensi kejiwaan perempuan kerana mereka tidak pernah merasai pengalaman sebagai seorang perempuan. Ideologi seperti ini muncul sebagai tindak balas terhadap kebanyakan karya yang dihasilkan oleh pengarang lelaki yang sering mempersembahkan watak perempuan sebagai the second sex, terpinggir, bisu dan lemah dalam sistem sosial yang didominasi oleh lelaki. Walau bagaimanapun, tindakan pengarang lelaki ini tidak boleh dihukum kerana kegagalan mereka memahami dimensi perempuan yang berbeza dari diri mereka. Pencitraan perempuan daripada perspektif pengarang lelaki harus dilihat daripada konteks masyarakat dan budaya yang meletakkan stereotaip tertentu mengikut jenis kelamin. Bertitik tolak daripada fahaman tersebut, makalah ini mengupas konsep gender yang dibentuk oleh masyarakat sosial serta meneliti imej stereotaip lelaki yang dikenali sebagai gender maskulin dan imej stereotaip perempuan yang dikenali sebagai gender feminin. Hasil dapatan makalah ini mendapati pengarang novel Seri Dewi Malam telah mengubah fahaman pembaca tentang pengarang lelaki dalam mencitrakan imej perempuan dan menolak stereotaip sedia ada dengan menonjolkan imej positif yang dimiliki oleh watak Rohana sebagai gender feminin yang meruntuhkan stereotaip gender maskulin watak-watak lelaki di dalam novel.   The feminist ideology argues that the production of a creative work amongst male and female authors is defined by their specific life and gender experience. Feminists believe that male authors are unable to tap into the thoughts and emotional dimension of female authors because they have never experienced the life of a female. This argument emerged as a form of reaction towards the production of novels by male authors who often portray the female characters as ‘the second sex’, forsaken, tacit and weak in the male-dominated social system. Understandably, these prejudiced portrayals reflect their failure in understanding the female gender as a whole. Narrating the female from the male perspective thus has to be approached from the social and cultural context that gives rise to these stereotypes. This paper addresses the notion of gender from the perspective of society and explores the conceptual division between the male representation as ‘masculine' and female representation as ‘feminine’ in the novel Seri Dewi Malam. It argues that the author of the novel has managed to transform the female stereotypes by instilling more positive representations to the protagonist Rohana and her femininity in challenging the masculinity of male characters.

scholarly journals The influence of early experiences and university environment for female students choosing geoscience programs: a case study at Universidad de Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Tania Villaseñor ◽  
Sergio Celis ◽  
Juan Pablo Queupil ◽  
Luisa Pinto ◽  
Maisa Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Undergraduate Enrollment ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics

Abstract. This case study addresses the experiences of female undergraduate students in the geology and geophysics programs at Universidad de Chile. These majors are part of the Faculty of Physical Sciences and Mathematics (FCFM) and have a relatively large proportion of female representation compared to the other engineering and science majors at FCFM that are dominated by male students. We interviewed 12 female students in geoscience majors to understand (a) the reasons for choosing geoscience as a major and (b) their experiences both at FCFM and in geoscience in an institution with a strong masculine environment that aims to increase women's undergraduate enrollment. We found that the decision to pursue a geoscience career was made during high school, and they maintained this decision during the first years of college, which is heavily focused on mathematics and physics, with no geoscience-related courses. During this early period in college, known as the common core program, students perceived a hostile environment due to high academic demands and gender-based discrimination. Their experiences had a positive shift once they started the geoscience courses in their fifth or sixth semester. The relatively large proportion of female students in the geoscience majors at FCFM creates a positive environment in which the participants developed a sense of belonging in the geoscience community. Students also felt that the feminist movement during 2018 in Chile positively influenced their perspectives on their path at FCFM. These findings give insights for developing strategies to increase early interest, participation, and satisfaction of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines at various educational levels.

The transformation of the South African Public Service: exploring the impact of racial and gender representation on organisational effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Fernandez ◽  
Hongseok Lee
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
The South ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Demographic Representation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe transformation of the South African Public Service into a bureaucracy that is broadly representative of the population is one of the most significant public sector reforms to occur since the end of apartheid. Grounded in the theory of representative bureaucracy, this study examines demographic representation in the South African Public Service and how it impacts the organisational effectiveness of national departments. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal data from 60 national departments from 2006 to 2013. The findings show that as these organisations become more representative by hiring a higher per cent of Africans, of Coloureds, and of Indians, they achieve a higher per cent of goals. The findings for gender representation are more mixed and show that female representation among most racial groups is unrelated to organisational effectiveness.

scholarly journals Reducing gender bias in STEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kong ◽  
Katherine Carroll ◽  
Daniel Lundberg ◽  
Paige Omura ◽  
Bianca Lepe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
National Response ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Women continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Gender discrimination and gender bias reinforce cultural stereotypes about women and their ability to perform in male-dominated STEM fields. Greater policy intervention can bolster national response to gender-based harassment and discrimination. There are four major efforts that individual institutions, local governments, and the federal government can support to combat gender discrimination in STEM: (1) invest in early education initiatives for increasing female representation, (2) institute stronger state and federal policies around gender discrimination, (3) foster workplace practices that promote diversity, and (4) develop better quantification and metrics for assessing gender discrimination to enact more meaningful policies.

scholarly journals WOMEN FACULTY AND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY IN LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT: EVIDENCE FROM CHILE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez ◽  
◽  
Carmen Araneda-Guirriman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since the 19th century, the position of women in the context of higher education has undergone multiple changes, although their incorporation has not been a simple or homogeneous task. Currently, women face new consequential challenges of a globalized world and the notion of market education that characterizes institutions nowadays. One of the great challenges is related to the under-representation of women in senior research positions (Aiston and Fo, 2020). In this context, new standards have been established to measure the productivity, quality, and effectiveness of teachers, specifically scientific productivity has been internalized as an indicator of professional progress, the type of publication, its impact, and the citation rates today. They have special relevance, where many times achieving high scientific productivity is very complex for academics who do not access the teaching staff early (Webber and Rogers, 2018). Furthermore, it is very difficult for academic women to maintain high levels of productivity constantly both at work and home (Lipton, 2020). In this sense, the principles that encourage academic productivity increase competition among teachers and reinforce gender inequalitiestogether with a valuation of male professional life (Martínez, 2017). Indeed, the participation of women in sending articles is much lower than their male counterparts (Lerback and Hanson, 2017). Therefore, the present study aims to visualize the participation of Chilean academics in current productivity indices, based on the description of secondary data obtained from the DataCiencia and Scival platforms. The sample consists of 427 people, of which 17.3% were women, with an average of 10 publications for the year 2019. To achieve the objectives, the following strategy was developed: 1) describe and interpret the secondary data obtained during the year 2019 on each of the platforms. 2) Compare the data obtained to national averages and type of institution and gender. Based on the analyzes, the implications of female participation in the number of women observed at the national level and their position in international indicators and new lines of research are discussed.

scholarly journals Language and Gender Representation in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Blessing U. Ijem ◽  
Isaiah I. Agbo
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Chinua Achebe ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Things Fall Apart ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the linguistic construction of gender in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It shows how this reflects the social reality of the relationships between women and men in society, which is firstly structured in the unconscious mind. The examination of language use in constructing genders in the novel is important as it unveils the relationships between the male and the female in society. This is because gender representation is influenced by unconscious and hidden desires in man. This study specifically examines Achebe’s use of grammatical categories in the construction of the male and female genders in Things Fall Apart. To this end, it reflects the pre-colonial Igbo society in its socially stratified mode, which language served as the instrument for both exclusion and oppression of women. This article shows that the male and female genders dance unequal dance in a socially, politically and economically stratified society where the generic male gender wields untold influence over women in that pre-colonial Igbo society. The study further shows that Achebe used language in Things Fall Apart to glorify masculine gender while portraying the female gender as docile, foolish, weak and irresponsible second-class citizen.

scholarly journals Gender Roles in Pakistani-Urdu Wedding Songs

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Bushra Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Wedding Songs ◽  
Gendered Discourse ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This qualitative study of Pakistani-Urduwedding songs allows a closer look at the gender situation,and towards the understanding of the process ofconstruction and perpetuation of gender-basedstereotypes. However, the major concern of this study is tounderstand the portrayal of each gender along with thequestion that does such portrayal underlines thetraditional gender roles and gender inequality. Taking adiscourse analysis perspective, this study analyzes textualdata from the lyrics of the seventeen wedding songs. Thesong selection was based on purposive samplingtechnique. The data were collected through transcriptionand recording of the audios of the songs. As a result ofthematic analysis thirteen themes emerged, ten portrayingthe female gender and four portraying the male gender.These themes reveal important findings that support andreinforce the gender-based stereotypes and also reflectgender hierarchy, normative heterosexual relationships,kinship norms and gender subversions.Key words: Gendered discourse, gender roles, genderedstereotypes, wedding songs

scholarly journals Tourism policy, Purusa culture, and gender inequality in absorbing women's employment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani ◽  
I Wayan Windia ◽  
Ni Nyoman Sukerti ◽  
Anak Agung Istri Atu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Empowerment Theory ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Empowerment Model ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This study aims to analyze the relationship between tourism policy, gender, and purusa culture in the provision of local labor and female gender, review gender-based tourism policies, compare theories such as the rule of law, welfare state theory, human rights theory, democratic theory. economics, and tourism empowerment theory. Also adopted the Boley & McGehee Population Empowerment model through the Tourism Scale (RETS). The method used in this study is normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the systematic interpretive analysis show that the absorption of female labor is expressed as a product of structural and cultural forces, and domestic conditions around women's roles, therefore a combination of material and discursive analysis is needed to examine the socio-cultural relations of tourism policy production, the response to the absence of equality. gender in the middle of purusa culture. Workforce competency certificates that comply with the ACCSTP (ASEAN Common Competency Standards for Tourism Professionals) criteria are a preventive alternative for women to be able to target jobs in the public sector and the readiness of countries as ASEAN member countries.

What are Women Being Advised by Mentors When Applying to Surgery?

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Altieri ◽  
Kristie L. Price ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Daniel B. Jones ◽  
Aurora D. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Specialty Choice ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Surgical Specialty ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Surgical Career ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Despite an increase in percentage of women entering the surgical field, women tend to favor certain surgical subspecialties. The purpose of this study was to investigate how surgeons advise trainees in pursuit of a surgical career. An 18-question survey was administered to members of the American College of Surgeons through their monthly newsletter NewScope. Respondents were asked to identify subspecialties that they would consider to be most receptive to men or women and how they would advise men and women pursuing a surgical specialty. There were 663 respondents, of which the majority (n = 465, 70.99%) were male. When asked if participants had a role model in medical school, 61.10 per cent had male role models/mentors, whereas only 7.96 per cent had female role models/mentors. Among the 23 surgical subspecialties listed, the top five specialties viewed as receptive for women were breast surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, and GS. Surgical specialty and gender of the respondent played a role in how surgeons advised men and women trainees, especially in specialties that traditionally have less female representation. There is inherent gender-based bias in advisement of trainees that may affect surgical specialty choice. Surgeon gender, age, and surgical specialty could be predictors as to how trainees are advised.

scholarly journals KAPASITAS AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK PADA ANAK LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN USIA DINI DITINJAU DARI KETINGGIAN WILAYAH DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satrio Sakti Rumpoko ◽  
Sunjoyo Sunjoyo
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this research is (1) to know the difference in aerobic and anaerobic capacity between children who are born and living on high ground with children born and living in Lowlands, (2) to find out the difference in aerobic and anaerobic capacity between boys, with girls, (3) and to know the effect of interactions between the region and gender-based aerobic capacity. The research was carried out by the post-facto ex method with a 2x2 factorial design. Aerobic capacity data is obtained from the Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MFST/Beep Test), while anaerobic capacity data obtained from Test 50 yard.  Data analysis techniques of aerobic capacity and anaerobic using ANAVA 2 x 2 variance analysis with significance a = 0.05.  The results of the study can be described as follows: (1) There are significant differences between male and female gender in the aerobic and anaerobic observation that male gender tends to be better than women (2) There are significant differences between those living on the plains. High and lowland on aerobic and anaerobic observation i.e. those living on a plateau tend to be better than those living in lowland (3) there is interaction between gender and location on anaerobic observation i.e. women living in the lowlands tend to have decreased more anaerobic ability than decreased anaerobic ability in males (4) No sex interactions and locations on aerobic observation.

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