scholarly journals Economic Use of Water in Drip-Irrigated Maize in Semi-Arid Region of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Samuel Silva ◽  
Rafaela Felix Basilio Guimarães ◽  
Ronaldo Do Nascimento ◽  
Hallyson De Oliveira ◽  
Iêdo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Economic Yield ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Physical Productivity

The objective of this study was to determine the economic level of drip irrigation for the crop of maize in the region of backwoods of Alagoas in Brazil, aiming at a sustainable production and economically viable. For this, the hybrid AG7088 was submitted to five irrigation levels (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200% of ETc) in an experiment developed at the Federal Institute of Alagoas/Campus Piranhas, with a randomized block design and four replications. Harvesting was carried out 98 days after planting, where grain yield with 12% moisture reached 2.1 and 11.8 Mg ha-1 and water use efficiency of 181.8 and 55.3 mm Mg-1 in treatments with 40 and 160% of ETc, respectively. The maximum a physical productivity estimated by the production function was 11.3 Mg ha-1, obtained with 919 mm of irrigation water. The maximum economic yield was 11.1 Mg ha-1, obtained with level of 841 mm (160% ETc).

scholarly journals Effects of Different Water Supply and Corm Planting Density on Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal, Nitrogen Uptake and Water Use Efficiency of Saffron Grown in Semi-Arid Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza KOOCHEKI ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad SEYYEDI
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Semi Arid

Saffron’s color, taste and odor result from the chemicals crocin, picrocrocin and safranal, respectively. Hence, in addition to quantitative yield, secondary metabolites content are known as crucial factors for a successful saffron production. Moreover, enhancing resources efficiency, especially water and nitrogen, is becoming increasingly important for agricultural improvement in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, the effects of irrigation levels and corm planting on crocin, picrocrocin and safranal content, water use efficiency (WUE) as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of saffron were investigated as a two-year field experiment based on a randomized complete block design arranged in split-plot with three replicates. The irrigation levels (100, 75 and 50% of saffron water requirement) and corm planting pattern (50, 100, 200 and 300 corms m-2) were allocated to main and sub-plots, respectively. Based on the results, crocin and picrocrocin content increased with decreasing irrigation levels. The highest WUES (WUE based on dry stigma yield) was obtained when 50% of saffron water requirement was supplied. However, the lowest WUEC (WUE based on daughter corms yield) and NUEC (NUE based on daughter corms yield) were obtained when 50% of saffron water requirement was applied. Irrespective of irrigation levels, WUES, WUEC and NUEC increased with increasing the planting density. The results demonstrated that although relatively severe water stress increases WUES and secondary metabolites in saffron stigmas, it could decrease WUEC and NUEC through affecting daughter corm growth.

scholarly journals Nutrient support via fertigation with domestic effluent and growth of cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonçalo Filho ◽  
Miguel Ferreira Neto ◽  
Cleyton dos Santos Fernandes ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Nildo da Silva Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Domestic Effluent ◽  
Semi Arid

Because of climatic problems in the Brazilian semi-arid region, it is of fundamental importance to seek a culture that considers water scarcity and available natural resources. Thus, a randomized block design, with subdivided plots and six replications, was carried out in the experimental area of the treatment and wastewater reuse station of the Milagres Settlement, Apodi, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating cultivation of herbaceous cotton (Gossipyum hirsutum) fertigated with domestic sewage treated in a semi-arid environment. Two cultivation cycles were carried out, and the cotton plants were fed with three different solutions containing treated domestic sewage (TDE) plus supply water (PSW), to supply the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (100% PSW – control, 50% PSW + 50% TDE and 100% TDE), with and without phosphate fertilization in pre-planting. The contribution of nutrients to the soil and plant growth were analyzed. The results indicated that the wastewater presents potential fertilizer, reaching to the soil amounts of some nutrients exceeding the cotton’s needs, when 100% of the ETc was supplied via fertigation with domestic effluent, resulting in an increase in the growth rates of the plants. There was no interaction between the percentages of wastewater and phosphate fertilization in pre-planting. Phosphorus alone promoted significant variation only in the first cycle, indicating that there is a residual fertigation effect with domestic effluent on the nutrient supply.

In situ degradability of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre of thorn scrubland forage consumed by goats in the semi-arid region of north Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. S. Juárez ◽  
E. R. Montoya ◽  
C. G. Nevarez ◽  
S. M. A. Cerrillo ◽  
F. L. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractThree goats provided with oesophageal and ruminal cannulae were used to determine variations in dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of the forage consumed when grazing thorn scrubland in the semi-arid region of north Mexico, during two consecutive dry and wet periods. Ingesta samples were incubated intraruminally, the data were fitted to the exponential equation P = a + b (l - e-ct) and statistically analysed using a randomized-block design. Organic matter and crude protein (CP) contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Values of NDF were similar in dry and wet season of both years whereas higher numerical values of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and cellulose were registered in the dry seasons. DM and NDF degradabilities after 24 and 48 h of ruminal incubation were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Higher values (P < 0.05) in DM and NDF bag losses at zero time (A fraction) were registered in the two wet seasons. The insoluble but fermentable DM and NDF (B fractions) were higher (P < 0.05) in the 1999 wet season and variable in the rest of the studied period. Numerically higher values of DM and NDF c fraction were found in wet periods, whereas DM and NDF potential degradabilities were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet season in 1999 and similar across seasons in 2000. Lowest (P < 0.05) contents of CP in grazed forage, DM and NDF degradabilities after 48 h of ruminal incubation, and A, and B, and c fractions were observed in the dry seasons. Thus, these results may be related to both the lower feeding value of forage consumed by the animals and lower performance of livestock during this period. Then, the DM and NDF degradability after 48 h, together with the insoluble but fermentable matter and the c fraction permit the nutritive value of the forage consumed by grazing goats to be accurately described.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA FOTOQUÍMICA EM CLADÓDIOS DE PALMA FORRAGEIRA ‘GIGANTE’ CULTIVADA SOB DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS E ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Alessandro De Magalhães Arantes ◽  
João Abel Da Silva ◽  
Paulo Emílio Rodrigues Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

A associação de fatores no sistema solo-água-planta-atmosfera, como adubação, espaçamento entre plantas e disponibilidade hídrica, pode influenciar a atividade fisiológica em palma forrageira nas condições adversas do semiárido. Assim, objetivou-se determinar a eficiência fotoquímica em cladódios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ cultivada sob diferentes espaçamentos e adubação mineral em região semiárida, no período seco e chuvoso. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 7, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído de quatro adubações (000-000-000; 000-150-000; 200-150-000 e 200-150-100 kg ha-1 de N-P2O5-K2O), o segundo, por três espaçamentos (1,0 x 0,5; 2,0 x 0,25 e 3,0 x 1,0 x 0,25 m) e o terceiro por sete horários de leitura (6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16 e 18 h). Foram realizadas leituras de fluorescência da clorofila “a” em cladódios de palma forrageira nas épocas seca e chuvosa com auxílio de um fluorômetro de luz modulada. Verificou-se ajustes cúbicos para as variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila “a” ao longo dia com magnitude de respostas diferenciadas nos períodos seco e chuvoso. Os cladódios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sofrem alterações no fotossistema II na época seca nas condições fisiográficas do semiárido baiano e na época de chuvas o rendimento fotossintético em cladódios de palma forrageira é considerado ideal com variações ao longo do dia. Palavras-chave: arranjo de plantas; Opuntia; plantas CAM.   Photochemical efficiency in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacing and mineral fertilization   ABSTRACT: The association of factors in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system, such as fertilization, spacing between plants and water availability, can influence the physiological activity in cactus pear in the adverse conditions of the semiarid. Thus, the objective was to determine the photochemical efficiency in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacing and mineral fertilization in the semi-arid region, in the dry and rainy season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 7 factorial scheme with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four fertilizations (000-000-000, 000-150-000, 200-150-000 and 200-150-100 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O), the second one, by three fertilizations (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and the third by seven reading times (6 a.m., 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 12 p.m., 2 p.m., 4 p.m. and 6 p.m). Fluorite readings of “a” chlorophyll were carried out in forage palm cladodes in the dry and rainy seasons with the help of a light modulated fluorometer. Cubic adjustments wereobserved for the fluorescence variables of “a” chlorophyll along day with magnitude of differentiated responses in dry and rainy periods. The cladodes of ‘Giant’ cactus pear alterations suffer in photosystem II in the dry season in the physiographic conditions of the Bahia semi-arid and in the rainy season the photosynthetic yield in cladodes of forage palm is considered ideal with variations along the day. Keywords: arrangement of plants; Opuntia; CAM plants.

scholarly journals Phenology and production of guava tree cv. “Paluma” pruned at different seasons in Mossoro – RN, Brazil.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383
Author(s):  
Wagner César Farias ◽  
Francisco Mickael Medeiros Câmara ◽  
Eduardo Castro Pereira ◽  
José Maria Costa ◽  
Gustavo Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Agronomical Traits ◽  
Semi Arid

The pruning allows fruit harvest in different periods, according to the grower decision, being economically viable. The harvest can be scheduled according to the agronomical traits and due to the market price. The experiment was conducted in the didactic orchard of the Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), from April 2013 to December 2014, in the municipality of Mossoro-RN. It was carried out in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a split-plot, which were composed by pruning periods, conducted in April (2013), November (2013) and July (2014). The subplots consisted of pruning intensities (short, medium and long); with four repetitions, where the experimental unit consisted of two plants that was pruned with 8 marked branches. From pruning to harvest, the the following botanical characteristics were evaluated in the marked branches: number of emitted sprouts by branches pruned at the day 15th (NBE); number of established branches by branches pruned at the day 50th (NRE); number of productive branches (NRP); vegetative number (VRN) and the total number of fruits (NFT). The evaluated characteristics presented a significant effect. The long pruning resulted in a higher number of fruits for all evaluated seasons. The best months for pruning was November and July. The guava tree ‘Paluma’ cycle, from pruning to harvest can vary according to the period of pruning, with 132 days in July and 150 days in April. durando entre 132 em julho a 150 dias em abril.  

scholarly journals Irrigation with saline water on pineapple grown in the semi-arid of bahia state

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽  
Varley Andrade Fonseca ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro de Magalhães Arantes ◽  
Sergio Luiz Rodriguez Donato
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

We aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths with saline water on growth, yield, water-use efficiency, and fruit quality of ‘Pérola’ pineapple plant grown in the semi-arid of Bahia state. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments which represented the irrigation depths: 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with irrigation water of 0.75 dS m-1 in electrical conductivity (ECiw); and 50, 75,100, and 125% of ETc with water of 3.6 dS m-1 in ECiw. Pineapples were grown under field conditions watered by drip irrigation in which pressure compensating emitters had 8 L h-1 flow rate. We observed that the irrigation depth 100% of ETc with water of 0.75 and 3.6 dS m-1 in ECiw provides higher pineapple yields under the semi-arid conditions of this study, and the chemical quality of the fruits are up to commercial standards, except when applying 125% of ETc with water of 3.6 dS m-1 in ECiw.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants under water deficit and high plant density

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Barreto Magalhães ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽  
Varley Andrade Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract Yield-improving and water-saving techniques assume great importance in the cultivation of banana plants under semiarid regions, prone to greater climate variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) response of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants to combinations of plant densities and irrigation levels: three irrigation levels, 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and four plant densities, 1,666 (3.0 x 2.0 m), 2,083 (3.0 x 1.6 m), 2,666 (3.0 x 1.25 m) and 3,333 (3.0 x 1.0) plants ha-1, evaluated in two production cycles. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates. Increasing plant density up to 3,333 plants ha-1 induced reductions in number of leaves at harvest and some yield components; also, longer cycles, and increased yields were observed while maintaining fruit marketable size, regardless of the irrigation level used. Using an irrigation level at 50%ETc and a plant density of 3,333 plants ha-1 led to an increase in WUE of 313.92% in the first cycle and 295.27% in the second cycle compared with 1,666 plants ha-1 irrigated at 100% ETc. Higher yields and WUE can be achieved by using a plant population density of 3,333 plants ha-1 and irrigation levels below 100%ETc.

scholarly journals Edaphoclimatic Conditions of the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region Affect the Productivity and Composition of Sunflower Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Gisele Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Josemir Moura Maia ◽  
Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha Meneses ◽  
Marília Hortência Batista Silva Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

It has been suggested that fatty acid balance in standard sunflower oil may be influenced by the genotype of the plant or by variation in environmental growth conditions. Therefore, this study analysed aspects of sunflower productivity and oil quality obtained from achenes of plants cultivated in a semi-arid environment, resulting from seed obtained from other regions with different edaphoclimatic characteristics. The experiment was conducted between February and May, in a Brazilian semi-arid area. At 90 days after sowing (DAS), the physiological maturation period, tissue was harvested, and the yield of plant green matter, oil and oil per hectare was evaluated. A comparative analysis of the oil content of achenes before and after planting (parental v progeny) was performed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design of 4 treatments (genotypes), Embrapa122, BRSG01, Helio253 and Helio250, and 4 replications, for a total of 16 experimental plots, with each plot constituting 8 plants. In this study, sunflowers were produced in the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region with biomasses, achenes and oil contents that were different from other crop productions in the country, providing the possibility of obtaining oil with a distinct chemical composition.

scholarly journals Industrial characteristics of sugarcane varieties under semi-arid conditions and different irrigation depths

2019 ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Polliana Basilia Santana, Ignacio Aspiazu ◽  
D.T. Pinheiro, M.F.F. Xeira, H.C. dos Santos Junior ◽  
Édio Luiz da Costa ◽  
Marcos Koiti Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Sugarcane quality for industry directly depends on irrigation, especially in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the technological performance for industry of six sugarcane varieties at five irrigation depths. Sugar-cane Brix and Pol%, juice Brix and Pol%, fiber, purity, reducing sugars and total sugars were evaluated 11 months after planting. The experiment was conducted in Brazil, in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais state. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a subdivided parcel scheme (6 x 5) and four repetitions. Different irrigation depths did not affected Brix. The cultivar RB83-5486 presented the highest value for juice Pol%, among the evaluated varieties. Juice Pol% and sugar-cane Pol% presented similar behavior, and displayed the highest values at the 1081 mm irrigation depth. In general, the analyzed varieties presented low fiber content. All the analyzed varieties surpassed 80% purity. The highest irrigation depths enhanced purity. The highest value was obtained at the 1081 mm depth. Decreased reducing sugars and increased total reducing sugars were observed at the highest depths and the highest accumulation was found at the 1081 mm depth. As conclusion for industrial characteristics, the irrigation presented potential to enhance the technological performance of sugarcane in semi-arid conditions. Considering the technological performance for industry, the cultivar RB83-5486 has good potential to be used under the studied conditions. When higher levels of fiber and reduced sugars are desired, lower irrigation depths are recommended.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of jatropha under cattle manure and natural phosphate in rainfed conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034
Author(s):  
Rosiane L. S. de Lima ◽  
Carlos A. V. de Azevedo ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Genelicio S. Carvalho Júnior ◽  
Jairo O. Cazetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACTThere is little information on the technical recommendation of fertilization for jatropha in the semi-arid region. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of jatropha plants fertilized with cattle manure and natural phosphate under rainfed conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, with three replicates, arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to 4 doses of cattle manure (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1) and 4 doses of natural phosphate (0, 250, 500 and 750 kg ha-1). The application of 8 t ha-1 of cattle manure, in isolation or associated with 500 kg ha-1 of natural phosphate, promotes adequate conditions to obtain jatropha plants with sufficient levels (g kg-1) of N (29.8), P (5.1), K (33.8), Ca (17.1), Mg (14.0) and S (2.6) and micronutrients (Cu = 8.0 and Mn = 94.4 mg kg-1) in its leaf tissue.

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