scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SAPLINGS OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) MART. IN DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Paula Lora Zimmermann ◽  
Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Physiological Plasticity ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This work was carried out to verify the plasticity of saplings of Cabralea canjerana plants and their capacity to adapt to different light environments by means of morphological and physiological characteristics. For this, 12 plants of a secondary Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragment were selected, six growing under canopy and six in full sun. Trees were classified according to their sociological position as emergent and dominated. The leaves were classified as apical, intermediate and basal according to their position in the canopy. The variables measured were: total number of leaves, width, length, thickness, leaf area and dry mass of leaflets; content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. Emergent leaflets of the upper position of the canopy in full sun, which are considered the most exposed to luminosity, presented xeromorphic characteristics such as leaflet size reduction, greater limbus thickness, smaller leaf area and lower content of chlorophyll b. The similarity in the dry mass and pigment content demonstrates that the photosynthetic activity of the C. canjerana plants analyzed is not being affected by the different conditions of the environment, which demonstrates the plasticity of the species and its capacity of development in several light conditions.

scholarly journals PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR RADISH GROWN IN A LATOSOL WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF THESE NUTRIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO ◽  
ALEXSON FILGUEIRAS DUTRA ◽  
GILSON SILVERIO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The intensive cultivation of vegetables with frequent chemical fertilization may cause accumulation of nutrients in the soil. This, in turn, may reduce crop yields and damage the environment due to contamination of ground water and rivers. Thus, to increase the effects of P (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha -1 of P2O5) and K (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) doses on the growth and productivity of radish cultivars (Sakata 19 and Sakata 25) in a soil with high levels of these nutrients, two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks with the factors cultivars and doses arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design with three replications. Number of leaves per plant, leaf area, shoot and root dry mass, total and commercial productivity, percentage of cracked roots and P and K contents in the plant and in the soil were evaluated. The Sakata 19 cultivar performed better than the Sakata 25 in both experiments. The fertilization with P or K did not influence the growth and the productivity of both radish cultivars. Therefore, both cultivars of radish evaluated do not need to be fertilized with P and K when planted in a Latosol with high levels of these nutrients.

scholarly journals Variations of Chlorophyll Content at Abies alba and Nepeta pannonica Species According to Phenophase and Harvesting Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
S. Buhăianu ◽  
Doina Carmen Jităreanu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Abstract Chlorophylls from plants are photosynthetic pigments. Their quantity offers valuable informations about photosynthetic activity, growing and developing of plants. Photosynthetic pigments decrease quantitatively during senescence process or in stress conditions. The present study has been realized in laboratory conditions with material harvested from spontaneous flora. The purpose of this research was the investigation of variations of chlorophyll content from samples of biological material collected from Nepeta pannonica L. and Abies alba Mill. plants, from Câmpulung Moldovenesc and Cacica areas, Suceava county, Romania. The targeted phenophases were growth and flowering. There were realized acetonic extracts from samples for spectrophotometric determinations. Obtained data were processed to estabilish chlorophyll a and b content. There were observed that at Abies alba species, from both locations, the chlorophyll a content grew during flowering phenophase, while the chlorophyll b content had little variations. At Nepeta pannonica species, the chlorophyll a and b content decreased visibly during the flowering, due to stress. Leaves of plants from this species presented a intense green color in the growing phenophase, while during flowering phenophase they had a purple or yellow coloration. Obtained results revealed a different dynamics of chlorophyll content at studied species.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Part ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators in heliconia ‘Red Opal’

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Fernando José Hawerroth ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Tiago Freitas Silva ◽  
Nazaré Suziane Soares
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth regulators with purpose of reducing the size of heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments (trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol at rates of 37.5 and 75.0 mg of active ingredient per pot and control without growth regulator) and five replicates. The treatments were applied 40 days after planting the rhizomes in pots filled with soil. Thirty and 150 days after the growth regulator application, plant height, number of leaves and shoots, petioles length and leaf area were evaluated. One year after planting the rhizomes in pots the number of inflorescence and leaves (leaves, sheathing leaf bases and inflorescences) and rhizomes (rhizomes and roots) dry mass were determined. Trinexapac-ethyl had no differences compared to the control in any of the variables evaluated. Paclobutrazol proved effective in reducing plant height, leaf area and petiole length and increase in number of leaves and shoots but the effect was temporary. Also, it did not affect the inflorescences production and leaves and rhizomes dry mass. Paclobutrazol is efficient to promote height reduction and to increase the number of shoots in heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants without affect the inflorescence formation but its effects is temporary.

scholarly journals Influence of Weeds on Yacon Initial Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. CABRAL ◽  
F.L. OLIVEIRA ◽  
L.P. DALVI ◽  
A.G. TEIXEIRA ◽  
L.J.F.N. ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems

ABSTRACT: The consumption of yacon has been increasing around the world due to the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of this plant. The growing commercial interest in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) generates a demand for crop management research studies, including the effect of weed competition on yacon, which was not yet studied. Thus, this study was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of weed competition on yacon development and growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and seven replicates. Treatments were yacon with the interference of four weed species: Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort), Amaranthus viridis L. (slender amaranth) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using 10 dm3 pots. Plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, fresh and dry mass weight (total and partial), and chlorophyll A, B and total were evaluated. The weed competition resulted in a decrease in the yacon development (height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area), photosynthetic rate (decreased chlorophyll content A, B and total) and yield, as also decreased the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of tuberous roots. C. benghalensis L. and A. viridis L. were the weeds most affecting the development and growth of yacon.

scholarly journals The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Paulyene Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Maranha Peche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional  treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used. 

scholarly journals Growth and Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in Physalis angulata L. at Two Different Periods in the Bahia Reconcavo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Claudia Brito De Abreu ◽  
Manuela Oliveira De Souza ◽  
Fabrício Mendes Miranda ◽  
Torben Grael Dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Fabio De Souza Dias
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Physalis Angulata

Physalis angulata L. has aroused the interest of the researchers, since its properties come from the great therapeutic potential attributed to the commonly called substances of physalins. However, its cultivation in the study region lacks important information on the species adaptation to local soil and climate characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and concentration of phenolic compounds in P. angulata L. at two different periods in the Bahia Reconcavo. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with 10 replicates. We evaluated the stem height and diameter, number of leaves and fruits, dry mass of leaves, stems and roots, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf mass ratio and total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in the different organs of the plant. The growth was favorable from April to June. However, the concentration of phenolic compounds was higher in the period from December to February. The cultivation period influenced the growth and concentration of phenolic compounds in P. angulata L. in the Bahia Reconcavo.

scholarly journals LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES IN THE GROWTH OF BASIL PLANTS

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Falcão de Oliveira ◽  
Girlene Santos de Souza ◽  
Anacleto Ranulfo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Color Shading ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

AMBIENTES DE LUZ E DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO CRESCIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE MANJERICÃO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento das plantas de manjericão cultivadas em ambientes de luz modificada com o uso de malhas fotoconversoras sob diferentes dosagens de adubação fosfata. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo os tratamentos: 0;50; 100 e 200 kg ha-1 de P2O5, e três ambientes de luz utilizando malhas fotoconversoras nas cores : azul e vermelho com 50% de sombreamento e a pleno sol, com cinco repetições. Após 120 dias de cultivo foram realizadas análises de crescimento das plantas de manjericão, além do teor de fósforo nas raízes. Observou-se interação significativa entre as doses de fósforo e os ambientes de luz para as variáveis número de folhas, área foliar, área foliar especifica, razão de área foliar e razão de peso foliar. Plantas de manjericão cultivadas a pleno sol na dosagem máxima de fósforo (200 kg ha-1 P2O5) apresentaram resultados significativamente superiores em relação àquelas cultivadas sob sombreamento. Porém vale ressaltar que o ambiente sombreado proporcionou maior altura e produção de massa seca, além de maiores teores de fósforo nas raízes. Conclui-se que a interação das malhas fotoconversoras com a adubação fosfatada apresentou resultados positivos em relação ao desenvolvimento das plantas de manjericão.Palavras-chave: luminosidade, planta medicinal, sombreamento, ocimum basilicum L. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of basil plants cultivated in modified light environments with the use of color shading nets under different dosages of phosphate fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized block factorial design 4 x 3, with the treatments: 0, 50; 100 and 200 kg ha-1 P2O5 using shading nets in colors: blue and red, with 50% shading and full sun, and five replications. After 120 days of cultivation, analyzes of the growth of basil plants were carried out, in addition to the phosphorus content in the roots. There was a significant interaction between phosphorus doses and light environments for the number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio. Basil plants grown in full sun at the maximum phosphorus dosage (200 kg ha-1 P2O5) showed significantly higher results than those grown under shade. However, it is worth noting that the shaded environment provided higher height and dry mass production, in addition to higher phosphorus levels in the roots. It was concluded that the interaction of color shading nets with the phosphate fertilization presented positive results in relation to the development of the basil plants.Keywords: luminosity, medicinal plant, shading, Ocimum basilicum L.

scholarly journals Desempenho da rúcula sob condições de sombreamento e níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Rilbson Henrique Silva dos Santos ◽  
Mirandy dos Santos Dias ◽  
Francisco de Assis da Silva ◽  
João Paulo de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Saniel Carlos dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The City

Arugula is a crop of fast vegetative growth and short cycle, widely accepted worldwide. In Brazil, its production generates jobs and income for family farming. However, the use of saline water in the cultivation of this plant is one of the main factors that limit production. Given this situation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Apreciatta arugula cultivated under conditions of shading and salinity levels of irrigation water. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas, in the city of Rio Largo, AL. The treatments were obtained from the combination of two shading conditions (with shading and without shading) and five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.5; 2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme. Combined, the factors resulted in 10 treatments with four replications and one plant per plot, totaling 40 experimental units. Arugula plants were evaluated for leaf number, plant height, leaf area and dry matter of the aerial part. Increasing levels of salinity in the irrigation water, lead to a reduction in the number of leaves, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part of arugula plants cultivar Apreciatta. However, the use of shading together with the salinity of irrigation water up to 1.4 dS m-1does not affect the leaf area of arugula plants, being possible to cultivate without considerable losses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of leaf and root absorptions of glyphosate in the growth of coffee plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimilson Alves Barbosa ◽  
Isabel Moreira da Silva ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Christiano da Conceição de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

ABSTRACT Intoxication by dispersion of glyphosate droplets in coffee seedlings is common and, in addition to the problem of drift, there are reports of contamination of this herbicide to a nontarget plant via the rhizosphere. Hydroponics allows the comparison of the translocation of the glyphosate absorbed by the foliage or the roots and avoids the interaction with the soil, which could hamper the achievement of more accurate conclusions when it is absorbed by the root. Thus, the toxicity of glyphosate sublethal dosages in the initial growth of coffee plants in hydroponics was evaluated by applying four sublethal dosages in two different locations (solution and leaf). Fifty days after the application of the herbicide, the intoxication percentage and the growth of the coffee seedlings were evaluated. From the reduced dose of 115.2 g·ha-1 of glyphosate, height reductions, root length; number of leaves, dry mass of leaf, roots and total, leaf area, and leaf mass ratio were observed. The first two parameters were observed only in leaf application and the others via leaf and solution. The aerial part–root ratio system had an increase in herbicide sublethal dosages when applied to leaves and the ratio of leaf area and specific leaf area increased in both applications. Sublethal dosages of glyphosate applied to young coffee plants under hydroponic conditions impair their growth, and it is more accentuated with increasing doses and when the leaves, instead of the roots, absorb the herbicide.

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