scholarly journals Potential of Micro Hydroelectric Generator Embedded at 30,000 PE Effluent Discharge of Sewerage Treatment Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02037 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Che Munaaim ◽  
N. Razali ◽  
A. Ayob ◽  
N. Hamidin ◽  
M.A. Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Hydroelectric Generator ◽  
Effluent Discharge

A micro hydroelectric generator is an energy conversion approach to generate electricity from potential (motion) energy to an electrical energy. In this research, it is desired to be implemented by using a micro hydroelectric generator which is desired to be embedded at the continuous flow of effluent discharge point of domestic sewerage treatment plant (STP). This research evaluates the potential of electricity generation from micro hydroelectric generator attached to 30,000 PE sewerage treatment plant. The power output obtained from calculation of electrical power conversion is used to identify the possibility of this system and its ability to provide electrical energy, which can minimize the cost of electric bill especially for the pumping system. The overview of this system on the practical application with the consideration of payback period is summarized. The ultimate aim of the whole application is to have a self-ecosystem electrical power generated for the internal use of STP by using its own flowing water in supporting the sustainable engineering towards renewable energy and energy efficient approach. The results shows that the output power obtained is lower than expected output power (12 kW) and fall beyond of the range of a micro hydro power (5kW - 100kW) since it is only generating 1.58 kW energy by calculation. It is also observed that the estimated payback period is longer which i.e 7 years to recoup the return of investment. A range of head from 4.5 m and above for the case where the flow shall at least have maintained at 0.05 m3/s in the selected plant in order to achieved a feasible power output. In conclusion, wastewater treatment process involves the flowing water (potential energy) especially at the effluent discharge point of STP is possibly harvested for electricity generation by embedding the micro hydroelectric generator. However, the selection of STP needs to have minimum 4.5 meter head with 0.05 m3/s of continuously flowing water to make it feasible to harvest.

REVIEW ON THE POTENTIAL OF MICRO HYDRO ELECTRIC GENERATOR EMBEDDED AT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE OF SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arkam C. Munaaim ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Afizah Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Hydroelectric Generator ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Potential Motion ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Control Water

A micro hydroelectric generator is an energy conversion approach to generate electricity from potential (motion) energy to an electrical energy. It is desired to be implemented by using a micro-hydro electric generator which is embedded at the continuous flow of effluent discharge point of sewerage treatment plant (STP). Any conventional STP is appropriate with domestic wastewater and an effective and approved technology to control water discharged according to local requirements which at the same time suitable to drive a turbine rotation head of a dynamo. This paper evaluate the potential of electricity generation using micro-hydro generator turbine attached to a selective sizing of an electrical dynamo and system regulator to produce electrical energy which meets the minimum power quality for domestic use. The overview of micro hydro electric generator on the actual application and suggestion made by previous researchers is summarized.

scholarly journals Gasification of yeast industry treatment plant sludge using downdraft Gasifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azize Ayol ◽  
Ozgun Tezer ◽  
Alim Gurgen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Glassy Material ◽  
Gasification Process

Abstract Sludges produced in biological wastewater treatment plants have rich organic materials in their characteristics. Recent research studies have focused on the energy recovery from sludge due to its high organic content. The gasification process is a thermal conversion technology transforming the chemical energy contained in a solid fuel into thermal energy and electricity. The produced syngas as a mixture of CO, CH4, H2 and other gases can be used to generate electrical energy. The gasification of yeast industry sludge has been experimentally evaluated in a pilot scale downdraft-type gasifier as a route towards the energy recovery. The gasifier has 20 kg biomass/h fuel capacity. During gasification, the temperature achieved was more than 1,000°C in the gasifier, and then the syngas was transferred to the gas engine to yield the electricity. A load was connected to the grid box and approximately 1 kWh electrical power generation for 1 kg dry sludge was determined. The characteristics of residuals – ash, glassy material – were also analyzed. It was found that most of the heavy metals were fixed in the glassy material. Experimental results showed that the yeast industry sludge was an appropriate material for gasification studies and remarkable energy recovery was obtained in terms of power production by using syngas.

scholarly journals Wind Power Generator Embodied Energy Payback Analysis for Rural Area in Paraná-Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Amauri Ghellere Garcia Miranda ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Natalia Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Wind Power Generator

Over the last decades, wind energy has been named as a clean method to generate electrical power. But, to claim this argument many aspects must be evaluated. On one hand, wind power, as an electrical energy source, generates minimum environmental impact when in operation. On the other side, the material extraction for the manufacturing process does create environmental impact and require electrical energy usage. Therefore, when claiming the sustainability of wind power, as a method of electrical power generation, many aspects must be evaluated, such as the Life Cycle Analysis of the turbine. This study has been taken to evaluate the energy cost and its payback period off the wind power turbine S-600, manufactured by Greatwatt, has being evaluated. This evaluation has covered the embodied energy in the gross material present on the final product and its energetic payback period, for the specific case of working in a rural area in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The ISO 14040 methodology, for life cycle analyses, has being applied to estimate the embodied energy in the gross material present on the generator. The annual average energetic production estimation has considered 4 cases, varying the voltage output and hub height, and the nominal capacity, claimed by the manufacturing company. To assess the embodied energy payback period, the theoretical generation capacity has been estimated. Thus, by this analysis, this article has concluded that the embodied energy in the gross material is 803.39MJ. The energetic payback period for this product, at 10 meters hub height, is 11.6 months, if operating on 12 V, and 12.6 months, if operation on 24 V. Furthermore, in the situation of installed at 30 meters from the ground, the energy payback period drops down to 5.3 and 5.5 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively. In the situation of nominal generation, the energetic payback period would dropdown to 4.6 and 3.1 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively.

Assessing the viability of microhydropower generation from the stormwater flow of the detention outlet in an urban area

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norashikin Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Heekyung Park ◽  
Sangmin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Quality Of Water

Small-scale hydropower is the generation of electrical power of 10 MW or less from the transformation of kinetic energy in flowing water to mechanical energy in a rotating turbine to electrical energy in a generator. The technology is especially useful when installed with a stormwater infrastructure in countries teeming with abundant rainfall. It is upon this concept that this study is being pursued to assess the implementation of microhydropower within a stormwater infrastructure. In order to achieve sustainability of development, small-scale hydropower should be beneficial in the implementation of stormwater infrastructure, especially in countries that have abundant rainfall. The aim of this study is to provide an assessment method for microhydropower implementation within a stormwater infrastructure. PCSWMM software was used to simulate the flowing water at a detention outlet. Modification of the current detention pond was made to optimise the quantity and quality of water supplied to the turbine. Two important parameters in the modification design are quantity and quality of storm water, which optimise the energy generated. The total power that can be harnessed from the design is theoretically from 500 W to 0.5 MW. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that the implementation of microhydropower within a stormwater infrastructure is technologically feasible.

scholarly journals Enhancing Output Power of a Cantilever-Based Flapping Airflow Energy Harvester Using External Mechanical Interventions

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuqing Wang ◽  
Dibin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Increase Flow Velocity ◽  
Electrical Damping

This paper presents a flapping airflow energy harvester based on oscillations of a horizontal cantilever beam facing the direction of airflow. A wing is attached to the free end of a cantilever beam and a bluff body is placed in front of the wing from where vortex falls off, producing vortices under the wing and driving it to oscillate. An electromagnetic transducer is integrated to convert the flow induced vibration into electrical energy. This flapping energy harvester, however, may stop oscillating or vibrate in the second mode under high electrical damping, and thus may be unable to achieve its optimum performance. Simple yet effective mechanical interventions can be applied to the harvester to enhance its power output, i.e., to increase flow velocity and to apply external magnetic interaction. The effect of airflow velocities on output power was investigated experimentally and the results show that the energy harvester scavenges more power in airflow at higher Reynolds numbers (higher flow velocity at R e < 24,000). The external magnetic excitation is achieved though placing one magnet to the wing and another one above the wing to induce a repelling force, aiding the beam to oscillate in high electrical damping. Experimental results show that the power output can be enhanced by 30% when the magnet interaction is properly integrated.

scholarly journals Thermo-Economic Analysis on Integrated CO2, Organic Rankine Cycles, and NaClO Plant Using Liquefied Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2849
Author(s):  
Tri Tjahjono ◽  
Mehdi Ali Ehyaei ◽  
Abolfazl Ahmadi ◽  
Siamak Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Saim Memon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas

The thermal energy conversion of natural gas (NG) using appropriate configuration cycles represents one of the best nonrenewable energy resources because of its high heating value and low environmental effects. The natural gas can be converted to liquefied natural gas (LNG), via the liquefaction process, which is used as a heat source and sink in various multigeneration cycles. In this paper, a new configuration cycle is proposed using LNG as a heat source and heat sink. This new proposed cycle includes the CO2 cycle, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), a heater, a cooler, an NaClO plant, and reverse osmosis. This cycle generates electrical power, heating and cooling energy, potable water (PW), hydrogen, and salt all at the same time. For this purpose, one computer program is provided in an engineering equation solver for energy, exergy, and thermo-economic analyses. The results for each subsystem are validated by previous researches in this field. This system produces 10.53 GWh electrical energy, 276.4 GWh cooling energy, 1783 GWh heating energy, 17,280 m3 potable water, 739.56 tons of hydrogen, and 383.78 tons of salt in a year. The proposed system energy efficiency is 54.3%, while the exergy efficiency is equal to 13.1%. The economic evaluation showed that the payback period, the simple payback period, the net present value, and internal rate of return are equal to 7.9 years, 6.9 years, 908.9 million USD, and 0.138, respectively.

Optimal Design of Vibration Power Generator for Low Frequency

2009 ◽  
Vol 147-149 ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenek Hadas ◽  
Vladislav Singule ◽  
Cestmir Ondrusek
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

This paper deals with an optimal design of an electromagnetic energy harvesting generator for supplying wireless sensors with energy. The developed device is complex mechatronic system which generates an electrical power from an ambient low frequency mechanical vibration by use of a suitable electromagnetic generator. This device is excited by ambient mechanical vibration and electrical energy is harvested due to Faraday’s law. The design of this vibration power generator results from development cycles and the final generator can provide sufficient electrical energy for wireless sensors. The vibration power generator is tuned up to frequency of vibration 17 Hz and harvested output power depends non-linearly on level of vibration. The vibration power generator operates in level of vibration 0.1 – 1 G peak and output power is in range 2 – 25 mW.

scholarly journals Using Water Energy for Electrical Energy Conservation by Building of Micro hydroelectric Generators on The Water Pipelines That Depend on The Difference in Elevation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gatte ◽  
Rasim Kadhim ◽  
Farhan Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydroelectric Generator ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
The Difference

In this research we study the elevations of cities and the water resources specially at the dams reservoirs and the distance between them(dams & cities), we use the Google Earth program to determine these elevations and calculate the difference between the average level (elevation) of water at the dam and the average level of cities, which we want to supply it by water, in order to save electrical power by using the energy of supplied water through pipe line from dams to the cities, the pressure of supplied water must be calculated from the difference in elevations(head). The saving of energy can be achieved by two ways. The first is the energy saving by reduce the consumed power in the pumping water from river, which is used for different purposes. The second is the hydroelectric power generated by establishing a micro hydroelectric generator on the pipe line of the water supplied.

Caffeine supplementation for 4-day, followed by acute ingestion, did not impact triathlete output power after submaximal intensity exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anderson Pontes Morales ◽  
Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Alessandra Alegre De Matos ◽  
Luiz Felipe Da Cruz Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Acute Ingestion

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg-1 body mass) for 4-days, followed by acute intake, would impact five male triathletes output power after performed submaximal intensity exercise. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, placebo (4-day) - placebo (acute) PP, placebo (4-days) -caffeine (acute) PC, and caffeine (4-day) - caffeine (acute) CC. Participants abstained from dietary caffeine sources for 4 days and ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg.kg-1 body mass day in one absorption). The acute trials the capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg.kg-1 body mass day in one absorption) were ingested 60min before completing exercise in a treadmill for 40min (80% VO2max) and to perform the Wingate test. Results: Blood lactate was determined before, 60min after ingestion, and immediately after the exercise on the treadmill, the Wingate test, and after the recovery (10-min). CC and PC trials did not change the cardiopulmonary variables (P>0.05) and the anaerobic power variables (peak/mean power output and fatigue index) (P>0.05). The PC trial compared with PP promoted improvements in the curve power output in 2 sec by 31.19% (large effect-size d = 1.08; P<0.05) and 3 sec by 20% (large effect-size d = 1.19; P<0.05). A 10min recovery was not sufficient to reduce blood lactate concentration in the PC trial compared with PP (PC, 13.73±2.66 vs. PP, 10.26±1.60 mmol.L-1; P<0.05, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, these results indicate that caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg-1 body mass) for 4 days, followed by acute ingestion, did not impact the triathletes output power after performed submaximal intensity exercise. Nutritional interventions may help researchers and athletes to adapt strategies for manipulating caffeine use.Key-words: caffeine metabolism, Wingate test, blood lactate, performance.

scholarly journals Analytical Modeling of a Doubly Clamped Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Axial Excitation and Its Experimental Characterization

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Qiong Fan ◽  
Lijie Li ◽  
Dingfang Chen ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Axial Excitation

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, novel power solutions are required to adapt to flexible surfaces for widespread applications, thus flexible energy harvesters have been extensively studied for their flexibility and stretchability. However, poor power output and insufficient sensitivity to environmental changes limit its widespread application in engineering practice. A doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) with axial excitation is therefore proposed for higher power output in a low-frequency vibration environment. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the D’Alembert principle, the differential dynamic equation of the doubly clamped energy harvester is derived, in which the excitation mode of axial load with pre-deformation is considered. A numerical solution of voltage amplitude and average power is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Output power of 22.5 μW at 27.1 Hz, with the optimal load resistance being 1 MΩ, is determined by the frequency sweeping analysis. In order to power electronic devices, the converted alternating electric energy should be rectified into direct current energy. By connecting to the MDA2500 standard rectified electric bridge, a rectified DC output voltage across the 1 MΩ load resistor is characterized to be 2.39 V. For further validation of the mechanical-electrical dynamical model of the doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, its output performances, including both its frequency response and resistance load matching performances, are experimentally characterized. From the experimental results, the maximum output power is 1.38 μW, with a load resistance of 5.7 MΩ at 27 Hz, and the rectified DC output voltage reaches 1.84 V, which shows coincidence with simulation results and is proved to be sufficient for powering LED electronics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document