scholarly journals Yield and Composition of Buckwheat Biomass Relative to Forage Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj ◽  
Anwar A. Hamama
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
State University ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Alternate Food ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), a pseudo-cereal, has potential as a forage crop, cover crop, grain crop for animal feed and human food, honey bee crop, and a smother crop for weed suppression. Even though, buckwheat has a long history in Virginia, currently this crop is almost non-existent in this area. The New Crops Program of Virginia State University started researching buckwheat in 2015 as an alternate food crop and as a plant to support honey bees. These studies led into evaluation of buckwheat as a forage crop. Approximately 30-day old buckwheat tissue of two cultivars (Koto and Mancan), planted on June 22 or July 20 during 2015, yielded 4784 pounds fresh weight and 1000 pounds dry matter per acre. Buckwheat biomass contained approximately 21 percent protein and approximately 6 percent oil. Quality of buckwheat forage compared well with literature values for alfalfa hay, perennial peanut, soybean, white lupin, and Tepary bean forage.

scholarly journals In vitro degradability of coffee husks treated with doses of fibrolytic enzymes for use in ruminant nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Yasmin Haluan Porto Moura ◽  
Carmen Lucia De Souza Rech ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
José Luiz Rech ◽  
Yann Dos Santos Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
State University ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The agricultural activity has generated a progressive amount of waste, which needs a proper treatment to avoid negative environmental impacts. At the same time, values can be added to such waste, as its use in animal feed. This research was conducted at the laboratory of Animal Nutrition, State University of Southwestern Bahia, campuses of Vitória da Conquista and Itapetinga. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coffee husks on ruminant feeds by increasing doses of fibrolytic enzymes, evaluating their effects on in vitro ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (FDA) of the coffee husk (CH). The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial scheme. It compounded the following treatments: Coffee husk (CH1): 1.5% enzymes (E) and 24 h enzymatic action (EA); CH2: 3.0% (E) and 24h (EA); CH3: 4.5% (E) and 24 h (EA); CH4: 6% (E) and 24 h (EA); CH5: 1.5% (E) 48 h (EA); CH6: 3% (E) and 48h (EA); CH7: 4.5% (E) and 48h (EA); and CH8: 6% (E) and 48 h (EA), all based on dry matter. An improvement in the degradability of the nutritional parameters MS, NDF, and FDA occurred with the addition of enzymes, with 3% enzyme addition being the best level, and 24 hours, as the best action time. In addition to that, as the EA on coffee husk increased, the degradation rate decreased. Therefore, the use of enzymes can improve the digestibility of the fibrous fraction, enabling the use of the coffee husk and possibly other agroindustrial residues, thus minimizing their adverse effects on nature.

scholarly journals Sweet white lupin: A potential crop for Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brebaum ◽  
G. J. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus) is an emerging crop in Ontario and, in 1993, up to 600 ha acres of lupin were planted. This crop is adapted to cool and moderately warm climates, is frost-resistant to −2 °C, requires sandy to loamy soils, requires inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. to achieve high yields, and improves soil structure and nutrients when included in a crop rotation. The crop requires 119–135 d to mature and is thermosensitive; both traits can reduce yield in seasons with unfavourable environments. The crop is not particularly competitive with weeds and effective weed control is a critical factor in crop production. Lupin is attacked by several pathogens and insects but knowledge on appropriate pest management practices needs to be improved. The harvested seed of sweet white lupin is primarily used as an on-farm source of protein. Seeds do not require heat treatment prior to being used as animal feed and can be included as a part of the protein component in the diets of ruminants, swine and poultry. High protein digestibility and high fibre content of lupin seeds can limit incorporation into the diets of ruminants and swine, respectively. Lupin can be beneficial in human diets because milk from lupin-fed animals contains more unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids than milk from animals fed soybean meal. Sweet white lupin has several advantages and disadvantages as an emerging crop in Ontario, but additional research and development are needed. Key words: Lupin (sweet white), Lupinus albus

scholarly journals Rapeseed-Mustard Breeding in India: Scenario, Achievements and Research Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Om Prakash Patidar ◽  
Rajat Chaudhary ◽  
Ranjit Saroj ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hybrid Development ◽  
Potential Use

Brassica spp., commonly known as rapeseed-mustard, plays a significant role in the Indian economy by providing edible oils, vegetables, condiments and animal feed. Globally, India holds second and third position in rapeseed-mustard area under cultivation and production, respectively. However, anthropogenically accelerated climate change thwarts yield potential of rapeseed-mustard by employing abiotic (drought, flood, temperature variation and salinity) and biotic (disease and insects) stresses. Various approaches such as molecular breeding, pre-breeding, −omics and biotechnological interventions have been used to develop varieties for improved yield and oil quality, climate resilient and resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this context, this chapter highlighted the different cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) sources and their potential use for hybrid development. At the end, this chapter also enlisted salient achievement by the government and non-government institutes and briefly described the future perspective for improvement of rapeseed-mustard in India.

Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica in Spain

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
A. Trapero-Casas ◽  
A. Rodríguez-Tello ◽  
W. J. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
New Host ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain. The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Posted 9 June 2000.

scholarly journals Cultivar and Growing Location Effects on Fatty Acids and Minerals in White Lupin Sprouts

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj ◽  
Anwar A. Hamama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Percent Protein

Composition of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) sprouts was significantly affected by growing location whereas cultivar effects were not significant. In general, sprouts made from seed produced at Petersburg, a location with cooler climate and heavier soils, were superior to those produced from seed produced at Suffolk, a location with warmer climate and sandier soils. White lupin sprouts, on average, contained 41 percent protein and 8 percent oil. Contents of fatty acids, expressed as percentage of oil, were 10, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 43, 20, 10, 5, 2, 18, 82, 51, and 31, respectively, for C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, and C22:1, total saturated, total unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ratio between linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids in white lupin sprouts was 0.5. White lupin sprouts, on average, contained 0.4, 0.8, 0.3, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.04 percent P, K, S, Ca, Mg, and Na, respectively. White lupin sprouts, on average, contained 51, 15, 139, 10, 51, and 14 mg·kg−1 Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that white lupin sprouts are a potential human food.

scholarly journals Spring vetch Mega mixed crops productivity at different seeding rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
K A Matveenko ◽  
A V Goncharov ◽  
A V Mednov ◽  
A A Volpe ◽  
E S Kruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Mixed Crops

Abstract Spring vetch is the most well-known annual legume forage crop. With the cultivation and application of various methods and terms of harvesting crops, not only for green fodder and hay, but also for haylage, silage, grain-growing, the requirements for the quality of the mown mass were reduced, but the need to create non-growing crops suitable for machine harvesting increased. In the gene pool of spring vetch, there are no forms with a strong, resistant to lodging stem, so the only way to solve the problem is to support the supporting culture. According to the results of research for two years, for the cultivation of vetch for green mass, the best option is vetch mixed with oats with a seeding rate of 1.2 million vetch, oats of 3 million germinating seeds per hectare. For grain cultivation, the best option is a mixture of vetch and oats with a seeding rate of 1.8 million and 3 million germinating seeds, respectively. For obtaining a grain crop for seed-growing purposes, the best option for two years of research is vetch mixed with spring wheat with a seeding rate of 1.8 and 3 million germinating seeds per hectare.

Metribuzin Effects on Seed Constituents of Soybean Varieties

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
C. T. Young
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Percent Protein

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] (0, 0.56, 1.12, 1.68 kg/ha) applied the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars ‘Bragg,’ ‘Hampton,’ ‘Bienville,’ ‘Coker 318,’ ‘Coker 102,’ and ‘Hardee’ induced significant changes in total fatty acid concentration of soybean oil. Minor changes in soybean oil quality were induced by metribuzin but percent protein was not influenced.

scholarly journals Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Trapero-Casas ◽  
A. Rodríguez-Tello ◽  
W. J. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica

Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain (2). The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Accessions of three indigenous species, L. albus, L. angustifolius L., and L. luteus L., and an introduced species from South America, L. mutabilis Sweet, were planted during October in replicated yield trials in acidic soils (pH 6.5) in the Sierra Morena Mountains (elevation 350 m) north of Córdoba. Root and crown rot disease was widespread and very serious on the indigenous lupins, particularly in several patches of white lupin cultivars. Infected plants were devoid of feeder rootlets, and the tap roots, crowns, and lower stems were necrotic and turned dark brown to black. Rotted roots were colonized heavily by fungal oospores. Many affected plants wilted and died before flowering. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from the necrotic roots and crowns of symptomatic white lupins. The same fungus also was isolated from the necrotic root tissues of the other indigenous lupin species. Isolates of the fungus from diseased white lupins were homothallic and produced oospores rapidly and abundantly on corn meal and V8 agars. Antheridia were amphigynous, and aplerotic oospores ranged from 22 to 32 μm (average 27 μm). Nonpapillate, ovoidobpyriform sporangia were produced only in water on simple sympodial sporangiophores. Cultures on V8 agar grew at 5 to 30°C (optimum ≈25°C). The species was identified as Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr. based on morphology of oospores, sporangia, and other cultural characteristics (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by planting seeds of white lupin cv. Multulupa in sterile potting soil infested with a blended culture on V8 agar from a white lupin isolate of P. erythroseptica and reisolating the fungus after 28 days from lesions that developed on the roots and crowns of inoculated plants incubated in a greenhouse at 16 to 26°C. The fungus was not isolated from white lupins seeded in potting soil inoculated with sterile V8 agar. In pathogenicity tests, two isolates of P. erythroseptica from white lupins caused severe symptoms on the roots and crowns of inoculated white lupin cv. Multulupa similar to those observed on white lupins naturally infected in field trials. These isolates also caused root and crown rots on inoculated L. luteus and L. angustifolius. The fungus did not infect the roots or crowns of tarwi (L. mutabilis cv. SCG 20), alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Moapa), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Contender), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Blanco Lechoso), faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Arboleda), lentil (Lens culinaris cv. local), pea (Pisum sativum cv. Lancet), soybean (Glycine max cv. Akashi), or subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Seaton-park). The tests were repeated, and the results were similar. This is the first report of P. erythroseptica infecting Lupinus spp. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) B. Valdés et al. 1987. Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental. Ketres, Barcelona, Spain.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOLID STATE FERMENTATION ON NUTRITIONAL CONTENT AND EVALUATION OF DEGRADABILITY IN CACTUS PEAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRES CARVALHO DO SANTOS ◽  
GLEIZA ALVES DINIZ ◽  
AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽  
AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽  
MARCELO FRANCO
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
State University ◽  
Protein Enrichment ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Cactus Pear

ABSTRACT: The process of protein enrichment of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck by solid state fermentation with the use of Aspergillus niger and Rhyzopus sp. was studied for improving the nutritional value of this cactus species for use as animal feed. The experiments were conducted in the Agro-industrial Waste Laboratory of State University of Southwest Bahia (Brazil). To this end, we have evaluated the effects of biotransformation on the levels of protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as the potential degradability. Bioconversion was carried out using cactus pear as the only substrate, without supplementation with nitrogen, mineral and vitamin sources. The fermentation with Aspergillus niger promoted a 78% increase in/of protein content and reductions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of 40%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. Degradability, in turn, was observed to have increased by 66 % after 240 h. On the other hand, the fermentation with Rhyzopus sp. was less efficient, with a 69% increase in protein content, and reductions in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of 30%, 28%, and 18%. In turn, degradability was seen to have increased by 51%. The fermentation of cactus pear by Aspergillus niger and Rhyzopus sp. exhibited the protein enrichment and increased protein degradability of this Cactaceae. Moreover, this is the most ever efficient micro-organism used in bioconversion. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative to ruminant feeding in arid or semi-arid land.

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