scholarly journals Rapeseed-Mustard Breeding in India: Scenario, Achievements and Research Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Om Prakash Patidar ◽  
Rajat Chaudhary ◽  
Ranjit Saroj ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hybrid Development ◽  
Potential Use

Brassica spp., commonly known as rapeseed-mustard, plays a significant role in the Indian economy by providing edible oils, vegetables, condiments and animal feed. Globally, India holds second and third position in rapeseed-mustard area under cultivation and production, respectively. However, anthropogenically accelerated climate change thwarts yield potential of rapeseed-mustard by employing abiotic (drought, flood, temperature variation and salinity) and biotic (disease and insects) stresses. Various approaches such as molecular breeding, pre-breeding, −omics and biotechnological interventions have been used to develop varieties for improved yield and oil quality, climate resilient and resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this context, this chapter highlighted the different cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) sources and their potential use for hybrid development. At the end, this chapter also enlisted salient achievement by the government and non-government institutes and briefly described the future perspective for improvement of rapeseed-mustard in India.

Research and industrialisation of Hermetia illucens L. in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
J.B. Zhang ◽  
J.K. Tomberlin ◽  
M.M. Cai ◽  
X.P. Xiao ◽  
L.Y. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Work

The larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens L., are commonly associated with decaying organic wastes. Over the past 15 years, investigators in China have conducted extensive research exploring the use of BSF larvae to recycle organic materials as a means to protect the environment, while producing products of value, such as protein and bioenergy. Initial efforts were based on a BSF strain from the USA. However, since then, H. illucens strains from specimens collected in Hubei and Guangdong Provinces have been established and used as models to explore the use of this species in sustainable agriculture. China has played an instrumental role in developing an in-door breeding method using a quartz-iodine lamp rather than depend on natural sunlight. This discovery has allowed the establishment of in-door BSF colonies in regions throughout the world where abiotic conditions (i.e. cold temperatures) are preventative. Researchers in China paved the way for using microbes as a means to enhance BSF production including, enhancing BSF egg-laying as well as waste reduction. Furthermore, bacteria from BSF gut or waste can be cultured and used to promote BSF growth, shorten conversion time, and enhanced conversion efficacy. Recent efforts have demonstrated BSF larvae can degrade antibiotics as well as suppress noxious odours in livestock manure. Due to the efforts of research on BSF in China, numerous companies that recycle organic waste at a large scale (>20 tonnes waste digested/day), have been established. Resulting products include insect powder, and live BSFL that can be used as animal feed ingredients for livestock (e.g. eels and frogs), while protecting the environment. Future work will decipher the mechanisms regulating BSF larval conversion of organic waste so that the system can be optimised. However, efforts are still needed at the government level to establish quality assurance standards if this process is truly to become established as an industry in China.

scholarly journals Screening of genetically modified Corn Zea mays in Iraqi market

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Ghaith Lotfi Aarif ◽  
Bilal Kamil Sulaiman ◽  
Zahra M. Alkhafaji
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Nos Terminator ◽  
The Government

Detection of the genetically modified crops could be done by screening certain markers usually used in modification. In this study polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was used to investigate the presence of the promoter P35s and nos terminator in the genetically modified corn Zea mays. 72 samples of the maize crop collected from inside Iraqi market from various sources, including imported crops and other local strains used for agriculture or for the production of animal feed. DNA extracted from the corn seeds by two methods, the efficiency of extraction was compared between the two procedures, the purity of DNA samples extracted ranged between 1.4- 1.8 of the samples studied, while the ranged values for concentrations ranged from (500-2400) ng /µl, specificity of the DNA extracted was confirmed using Zea mays specific gene responsible for production of Zein protein, a storage protein. Results shows that all the samples were positive for this gene, results of the investigation of sequence responsible for regulating gene expression for promoter P35s and T-nos terminator, should that 10 samples 13.9% of the total 72 samples studied are genetically modified and gave positive results for the amplification of PCR using primers specialized for each of the P35s and T-nos. The results indicated that (9 out of 47) represent 19.14% of the samples studied imported for the government institutions were genetically modified. Multiplex PCR technique used for the detection of two types of the targets at the same reaction to reduce the time and efforts. Multiplex PCR successfully applied for two combinations of either zein and P35s or zein and nos.

scholarly journals Yield and Composition of Buckwheat Biomass Relative to Forage Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj ◽  
Anwar A. Hamama
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
State University ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Alternate Food ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), a pseudo-cereal, has potential as a forage crop, cover crop, grain crop for animal feed and human food, honey bee crop, and a smother crop for weed suppression. Even though, buckwheat has a long history in Virginia, currently this crop is almost non-existent in this area. The New Crops Program of Virginia State University started researching buckwheat in 2015 as an alternate food crop and as a plant to support honey bees. These studies led into evaluation of buckwheat as a forage crop. Approximately 30-day old buckwheat tissue of two cultivars (Koto and Mancan), planted on June 22 or July 20 during 2015, yielded 4784 pounds fresh weight and 1000 pounds dry matter per acre. Buckwheat biomass contained approximately 21 percent protein and approximately 6 percent oil. Quality of buckwheat forage compared well with literature values for alfalfa hay, perennial peanut, soybean, white lupin, and Tepary bean forage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mortar properties obtained through partial substitution of Portland cement by ashes of oil palm empty fruit bunch

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (375) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
V. A. Coelho ◽  
C. C. Guimarães ◽  
G. G. Doutto ◽  
P. P. Pedra
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Proportional Reduction

Abstract Currently, palm oil is a leader in production and consumption among commercial edible oils, with a growing world production that exceeds 66 million tons per year. It is estimated that the generation of residues from the burning of palm oil empty fruit bunches as fuel in the boilers corresponds to 5% in mass of the total of oil extracted. This work evaluated the mechanical properties resulting from the use of the empty fruit bunch ashes as a partial substitute of Portland cement in mortars in different contents in 1:3 and 1:6 mixes. Mortars obtained with the use of ash presented greater deformability, implying greater workability. The results obtained pointed to potential use of the ash as filler in mortars without loss on compressive strength for contents up to 10% in the 1:3 mix and 5% in the 1:6 mix. It was observed an increase in the void index and the water absorption capacity, with a proportional reduction of the flexural strength.

Mycoremediation of Lignocelluloses

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1086-1108
Author(s):  
Saritha Vara
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Potential Use

The most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth Lignin is extremely recalcitrant to degradation. It creates a barrier to solutions or enzymes by linking to both hemicellulose and cellulose preventing the penetration of lignocellulolytic enzymes into the interior lignocellulosic structure. Global attention has been gained by fungi owing to the potential use of their versatile enzymes for agriculture, medicines, industries and bioremediation. The combination of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes, mediators, organic acids and accessory enzymes make some of the basidiomycete white-rot fungi to be able to degrade lignin efficiently. This review describes remediation of lignocelluloses by fungi, properties of fungi, their spatial distribution and the mechanisms of action which render them attractive candidates in biotechnological applications like biopulping, animal feed, genetic engineering and space exploration.

scholarly journals Measurement System for Lossy Capacitive Sensors: Application to Edible Oils Quality Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fendri ◽  
Ahmed Yahia Kallel ◽  
Hanen Nouri ◽  
Hamadi Ghariani ◽  
Olfa Kanoun
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Parameters

This paper aimed to develop a portable, low-cost, and easy-to-use measurement system for oil quality degradation assessment. The main two chemical parameters affected by frying are the total polar compounds (TPC) and free fatty acids. The system should characterize the change of chemical parameters by measuring the changes in its dielectric parameters. The dielectric parameters, relative permittivity, and conductivity are measured by measuring the capacitance and resistance of a capacitive sensor dipped in oil. The main challenges are that the corresponding changes of the capacitance and resistance are very small and the presence of stray effects. For this reason, the measurement system should be able to detect changes in capacitance and resistance with high resolution and with good immunity to stray effects. The proposed measurement system is based on the conversion of impedance to voltage and time and combining, therefore, having two measurement methods in one circuit. In this way, it is possible to measure the dielectric and resistive parameters and not only the relative permittivity as was done in previous works. The results showed a strong correlation between the chemical and electrical parameters with a coefficient of determination in the range of 0.9.

scholarly journals O5B.6 Occupational contact dermatitis and how the community responses in developing country

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A45.1-A45
Author(s):  
Shambhu Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
The Government

BackgroundDermatologic disorders generally have a major impact on patients daily activities, psychological and emotional state and social relationships in a resource poor setting. Country with different climate zones and environment as well as traditional use of herbal and increasing use of pesticides contact dermatitis is one of the important occupational hazards in construction workers, nearby people and it often leads to poor quality of life of the workers with substantial financial loss.MethodsThis study was conducted in three different geographic population. Free health camp was organized with total 310 cases of dermatologic problems were registered in Skin OPD last two years. Patients includes children to geriatric population both male and female groups.ResultsOut of the total 42% were male and 58% were female patients. Contact dermatitis were found among 28% of the patients, age and sex had no significant role on prevalence of Contactdermatitis. Urban area patients have tendency due to hair dye, industrial cement and detergents, however rural area patients have causation due to herbal plants (Parthenium dermatitis) and traditional occupational works. Both have nickel, atopic and unknown cause. Foot was the most commonly involved site (25.7% of patients). Atopy was present in 18 patients (25.7%). A total of 22 irritant reactions were noted in 13 patients. Most of the patients neglect the contact dermatitis due to lack of health information and use of irrational medication also seen.ConclusionMost of the contact dermatitis is preventative and manageable in time. Due to Climate, geographical areas, literacy difference community preventive health program plays important role, it. Prick-Patch testing, Teledermatology and Geographical information system is another future perspective for dermatology disease mapping in Nepal so that the government can make essential policy, programs for communities so that we can prevent and treat the contact-dermatitis on time.

scholarly journals Transgenic Winter Wheat Expressing the Sucrose Transporter HvSUT1 from Barley does not Affect Aphid Performance

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Kloos ◽  
Mora-Ramírez ◽  
Romeis ◽  
Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Sucrose Transporter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Parental Cultivar

Winter wheat expressing the sucrose transporter HvSUT1 from barley (HOSUT) has an increased yield potential. Genetic engineering should improve cultivars without increasing susceptibility to biotic stresses or causing negative impacts on ecosystem services. We studied the effects of HOSUT wheat on cereal aphids that feed on the sugar-rich phloem sap. Three HOSUT winter wheat lines, their conventional parental cultivar Certo, and three conventional cultivars were used. Clip cage experiments in the greenhouse showed no differences in life-table parameters of Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on transgenic lines compared to Certo, except higher fecundity of S. avenae on one HOSUT line. Population development of both aphid species over three weeks on caged flowering tillers did not reveal differences between the HOSUT lines and Certo. When aphids were monitored in a Swiss field study over two years, no differences between HOSUT lines and Certo were observed. We conclude that HOSUT wheat did not have consistent effects on aphids compared to the parental cultivar and measured parameters were generally in the range observed for the conventional winter wheat cultivars. Thus, HOSUT wheat is unlikely to suffer from increased aphid damage.

scholarly journals Legume biology: the basis for crop improvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. v ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Varshney ◽  
Himabindu Kudapa
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Precise Understanding

Legumes represent the most valued food sources in agriculture after cereals. Despite the advances made in breeding food legumes, there is a need to develop and further improve legume productivity to meet increasing food demand worldwide. Several biotic and abiotic stresses affect legume crop productivity throughout the world. The study of legume genetics, genomics and biology are all important in order to understand the limitations of yield of legume crops and to support our legume breeding programs. With the advent of huge genomic resources and modern technologies, legume research can be directed towards precise understanding of the target genes responsible for controlling important traits for yield potential, and for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Programmed and systematic research will lead to developing high yielding, stress tolerant and early maturing varieties. This issue of Functional Plant Biology is dedicated to ‘Legume Biology’ research covering part of the work presented at VI International Conference on Legume Genetics and Genomics held at Hyderabad, India, in 2012. The 13 contributions cover recent advances in legume research in the context of plant architecture and trait mapping, functional genomics, biotic stress and abiotic stress.

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