scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Correlation among Seedling and Mature Plant Traits of Soybean Evaluated in Acid Sand Culture and on Acid/Neutral Soil Fields of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
G. O. S. Ojo ◽  
S. A. Ayuba
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Heritability Estimates

<p>Experiments in acid sand culture, acid and neutral soil fields were carried out in 2003 with the objective of studying genetic variability and correlation among seedling and mature plant traits with a view of guiding breeders on appropriate selection options in breeding for aluminium/acid stress tolerant soybean in Nigeria. Genotypic variance was high for all the sand culture traits (root dry weight, shoot dry weight and relative root surface area), leading to the high heritability estimates of 77.85% to 83.72%. Genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GA) was very high (85.51%-155.84%) for the sand culture traits. As expected, a better performance in terms of grain yield and yield components was observed for the neutral soil field compared to the acid soil field. However, higher heritability estimates were observed for the field traits measured on the acid soil field compared to the neutral soil field. Heritability estimates for the days to flowering and plant height were high (66.44%-79.63%) compared to the moderate heritability (47.42%-58.89%) observed for the number of pods/plant and grain yield on both soils. Conversely, the GA for days to flowering and plant height was lower (12.08%-26.49%) compared to the values (27.27%-41.56%) observed for number of pods/plant and grain yield on both fields. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) were observed for the sand culture traits compared to the field traits. On the acid and neutral soil fields GCV and PCV values were lower for the days to flowering and plant height compared to the values observed for the number of pods/plant and grain yield, with highly significant correlation between/within the sand culture traits and the field traits. These results indicate that selection of soybean genotypes with high seedling root dry weight and relative root surface area in acid sand culture at 450 μM Al<sup>3+</sup> will enhance progress in the selection of high yielding acid tolerant tropically adapted genotypes of soybean on acid soils of Nigeria.</p>

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPRING VIGOR AND GRAIN YIELD IN CORN

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. GLENN ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD ◽  
J. T. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

In an experiment designed to study the relationship between seedling vigor and grain yield in corn (Zea mays L.), 25 single-cross hybrids, of a range in spring vigor (6 involved crosses between inbred parents of high seedling vigor, 6 were crosses between parents of low seedling vigor, and 13 were crosses between inbreds of high and low vigor) were grown in test for 2 yr near Woodstock, Ontario. In the 1st yr, hybrids were evaluated for differences in: rate of emergence; visual vigor rating; plant height, dry weight, and leaf number at several dates during early vegetative development; leaf area index (measured after pollination); and final grain yield. In the 2nd yr, hybrids were evaluated for differences in seed size (weight/kernel), visual vigor rating, and grain yield. No differences were detected among hybrids in rate of emergence. In the 1st yr, the visual vigor score was positively related to early plant height, but not to any of the other measures of seedling vigor. A positive relationship between seed weight and visual vigor rating was observed in the 2nd yr. The mean grain yield of the three groups of hybrids corresponded directly with their initial vigor rating in the 1st yr (i.e., crosses among high vigor inbreds outyielded high × low crosses; high × low crosses outyielded low × low), but not in the 2nd yr. Among individual genotypes, no relationship was evident between any measure of spring vigor and grain yield, in either year.

Influence of variety, row type and time of sowing on the morphology, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of barley straw

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Capper ◽  
G. Sage ◽  
P. R. Hanson ◽  
A. H. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Straw Quality

SUMMARYLeaf proportions (LP) were determined in spring barley straws harvested at Cambridge in 1984 and 1985. Linear regression equations showed that a greater number of days to flowering increased LP whilst greater plant height decreased LP in spring barley straws. Plant height accounted for more than 70% of the variance in LP. By contrast, grain yield and stem diameter accounted for only a small percentage of the variance in LP. Straws from two-rowed winter barleys had slightly higher LP than six-rowed winter barleys but LP in winter and spring barleys were similar.Leaf blade and leaf sheath fractions of the straws had lower acid detergent fibre and lignin contents and were more digestible than the stem fractions. Linear regression equations of straw digestibility in spring barleys on LP, grain yields, days to flowering and plant heights showed that LP accounted for a higher percentage of the variance in digestibility in 1984 than the other characteristics. In 1985, when harvesting conditions were unusually wet, grain yield accounted for the highest percentage of the variance in straw digestibility.There were no differences in chemical composition and straw digestibility between two-rowed and six-rowed barleys, but winter barleys had higher straw digestibility than spring barleys. Date of sowing did not influence straw quality in two-rowed winter barleys.The ranking of two-rowed spring barleys for LP, chemical composition and digestibility suggested that varieties with consistently better straw quality could be identified.

scholarly journals Evaluation of exotic oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties for forage and grain yield in response to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12112
Author(s):  
Hamida Bibi ◽  
Suleman Hameed ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal ◽  
Amal Al-Barty ◽  
Hadeer Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University ◽  
P Fertilizers

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season 2017–2018 (October–March) at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar research farm to examine the influence of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels on two different oat varieties: Australian and Ukrainian. The treatments included control and three levels of nitrogen and phosphorus at 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The findings showed that the oat varieties were significantly different from one another in yield and yield parameters. The Australian variety recorded higher emergence (49 plants m−2), days to emergence (15 days), days to flowering (122 days), days to maturity (145 days), plant height (142.7 cm), number of leaves (6.03 leaves plant−1), number of tillers (92.2 tillers m−1), biological yield (8,179.2 kg ha−1), and grain yield (3,725.6 kg ha−1) than the Ukrainian variety. Similarly, different N and P levels, the maximum days to emergence, days to flowering, and days to maturity were recorded in a control plot. The application of 105 kg N + 90 kg P ha−1 was statistically similar to the application of 105 kg N + 60 kg P ha−1. Maximum emergence (60 plants m−2), number of leaves (7.0 leaves plant−1), plant height (118.6 cm), number of tillers m−1 (102.6), biological yield (9,687.5 kg ha−1), and grain yield (4,416.7 kg ha−1) were determined in Australian variety. Based on the findings of this study, the Australian variety performed better in terms of yield and yield components and the application of N and P fertilizers at the rate of 105 kg N + 60 kg P ha−1 produced the best results in both oat varieties.

Tropical Bacillus Strains Inoculation Enhances Maize Root Surface Area, Dry Weight, Nutrient Uptake and Grain Yield

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Morais de Sousa ◽  
Christiane Abreu de Oliveira ◽  
Daniele Luiz Andrade ◽  
Chainheny Gomes de Carvalho ◽  
Vitória Palhares Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Bacillus Strains

Effect of pH on Metribuzin Activity in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Ladlie ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] applied preemergence resulted in increased phytotoxicity with increasing soil pH. In the field, fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) control, number of dead corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] plants, and crop injury ratings increased, and plant height and grain yield decreased as the soil pH increased. In the greenhouse, corn and soybean grown in soil showed decreased dry weights due to metribuzin as pH increased. By contrast, the pH response to metribuzin was not evident in nutrient-sand culture, indicating that, in soil, pH affected the availability of metribuzin for plant absorption.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation among yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Naba Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation

This study was conducted during summer 2015 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Dipayal, Doti, Nepal to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation on grain yield and yield associated traits using 26 advance genotypes of lowland irrigated rice. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant difference for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for days to flowering (0.88), maturity (0.79), thousand grain weight (0.48) and plant height (0.43) suggesting these traits are under high genetic control. High phenotypic variation was observed for grain yield (24.87%), number of grains/panicle (22.45%), number of panicles/m2 (20.95%) and straw yield (20.75%) while grain yield had medium (12.02%) and remaining traits showed low genotypic coefficient of variation (<10%). High phenotypic coefficient of variation estimated as compared to genotypic coefficient of variation showed environmental influence on the expression of traits. Grain yield (11.98) and days to flowering (10.32) showed medium and remaining traits sowed low genotypic advance as percent of mean. High to low heritability with moderate to low genotypic advance as percent of mean suggested these traits were governed by non additive gene thus direct selection is not beneficial. Further improvements on yield potentiality and yield traits on these genotypes are suggested by creating variation and selection. Panicle length (r = 0.230), days to flowering (r = 0.247), effective tillers (r = 0.488) and straw yield (r = 0.846) manifested significant positive association with grain yield indicating that yield can be increased if selection applied in favor of those yield components.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plant characteristics related to grain yield of FAO410 and FAO340 hybrids using regression models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi ◽  
János Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract In breeding programs, estimation of increase in yield based on changes in effective plant traits is of great importance, which can be identified using regression modeling. The regression model refers to the prediction of the value of a dependent variable from the values of one or more independent variables. This study evaluated morphological traits of maize (FAO410) on six treatments of fertilizer in 2 years in Debrecen University by the regression model. This experiment was RCBD with four replications in the Látókép zone. Treatments were included in different levels of fertilizer: nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium. The regression model was significant at one percent that showed morphological traits have a straight effect on the yield of maize in FAO410 and FAO340. Grain yield had a positive correlation with plant height, outer ear diameter, the weight of ear, weight of cob, number of leaves, weight of all seeds in each ear, the weight of one thousand seeds on FAO410, and grain yield had a positive correlation with plant height, stem diameter, outer ear diameter, the weight of ear, weight of cob, number of seeds in each column, weight of all seeds in each ear, weight of the fresh plant in a hectare, the weight of one thousand seeds on FAO340 too. Cluster analysis showed the traits classification on two groups on hybrids. Reach maximum grain yield require the evaluation of yield components and their effect.

scholarly journals Study on Genotypic Response and Correlation Analysis of the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Deepak Vitrakoti ◽  
Sheetal Aryal ◽  
Santosh Rasaily ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 529-536

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield and Yield Components of Different Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Western Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Y. P. Singh ◽  
◽  
Satybhan Singh ◽  
V. K. Dhangrah ◽  
Tripuresh Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Days To Maturity

An experiment was conducted during Rabi season (November-December) of 2018–19 to study the effect of three dates of sowing (26th November, 11th December and 25th December) on growth, yield attributes and yield of fivewheat varieties (HD-2967, HD-3086, WH-1105, PBW-343 and PBW-226) at Agricultural Research Farm of IFTM University, Moradabad (UP) India. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Design with two replications. Sowing was done at spacing of 22.5 cm in sandy loam soil. The observations were recorded on growth, flowering, maturity, yield and yield components. Analysis of variance showed the significant variations were observed for the characters viz. plant height, days to flowering, spikes per plant, days to maturity, grain yield, test weight, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index due to changing dates of sowing. However, varietal variations were recorded for plant height, days to flowering, spikes per plant, days to maturity and test weight. Wheat sown on 26th November recorded significant increase in plant height, tillers plant-1, spikes-1 plant, grain yield and straw yield over late sowing on 11th December and 25th December. There was no significant variation among varieties for yield and yield contributing traits such as grains spike-1, grain and straw yield. Significant interaction effects between dates of sowing and varieties were found for days to flowering which showed that the variety HD-2967 is as best wheat variety for early sown and PBW-226 for late sown conditions in order to obtain better returns.

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