scholarly journals Optimization of a Low Magnesium, Cholesterol-Containing Diet for the Development of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon W. Smith ◽  
Jennifer L. King ◽  
Rita J. Miller ◽  
James P. Blue Jr. ◽  
Sandhya Sarwate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Accelerate Atherosclerosis ◽  
Atherosclerosis Research

<p>The cholesterol-fed rabbit is useful for atherosclerosis research. We describe development of a low-magnesium (Mg) cholesterol-containing diet to accelerate atherosclerosis in this model. Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed either chow or one of four atherogenic diets: 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg, 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.40% Mg, 2% cholesterol 20% fat 0.11% Mg, or 2% cholesterol 20% fat 0.40% Mg. While feed intake decreased in cholesterol-fed rabbits, they were able to maintain their body weights. Rabbits consuming cholesterol experienced profound hypercholesterolemia and tissue lipid accumulation, with plasma cholesterol levels above 1500 mg/dl for all groups at the completion of the study. Liver and spleen lipid content and liver cholesterol content also increased. Aortic arch atheroma thickness was greatest in 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg animals. Tissue Mg levels decreased in cholesterol-fed animals compared to chow-fed controls, despite equal or greater serum Mg levels. Our results indicate that the 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg diet was optimal at promoting hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis while minimizing health complications for the animals. The low Mg cholesterol diet will be useful to other biomedical researchers interested in utilizing the rabbit for cardiovascular disease research.</p>

Fat Metabolism in Experimental Obesities

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Zomzely ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normal Controls

In vivo incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into fatty acids and cholesterol by carcass and liver was determined 30 minutes after injection of the labeled acetate in mice grafted with adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors. Serum cholesterol levels were also determined. Lipogenesis is elevated under fed and fasted conditions in mice bearing adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors as compared with normal controls or tumor-bearing adrenalectomized mice. Cholesterologenesis was not significantly different in fed tumor-bearing and control mice. When fasted, however, the tumor-bearing mice exhibited greater incorporation of C14 than that of their controls. Fasting did not decrease cholesterologenesis in the former group. Serum cholesterol levels of the adrenocorticotropic mice were found to be twice as high as those of controls. In addition, the amounts of carcass and liver fatty acids were three times as great for the ACTH mice as compared with controls, although their body weights did not differ significantly. Carcass and liver cholesterol content of adrenocorticotropic mice was also elevated. The results of this experiment indicate that mice bearing adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors exhibit a ‘metabolic’ type of obesity.

EFFECTS OF AMPHENONE B AND OF DIET ON CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
High Doses

Amphenone B was added in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% to a number of synthetic diets and to a fox chow diet. These were then fed to young male rats to determine the effects on adrenal weight and on the cholesterol content of the adrenals, liver, and plasma. The rats fed amphenone mixed with synthetic diets showed a greater increase in adrenal size and adrenal cholesterol than those fed amphenone mixed with the chow diet. The liver and plasma cholesterol values of rats fed amphenone on synthetic diets were also increased appreciably while those of rats fed amphenone in the chow diet were near normal. Synthetic diets containing erucic acid and amphenone appeared to have the greatest effect on adrenal size and cholesterol content but other synthetic diets in some cases caused a greater increase in liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations. An attempt to examine the effect of injected amphenone on cholesterol levels in rats fed different diets was limited by the fact that high doses of amphenone cause prolonged anesthesia.

scholarly journals Effects of whey protein, casein, soya-bean and sunflower proteins on the serum, tissue and faecal steroids in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sautier ◽  
K. Dieng ◽  
C. Flament ◽  
C. Doucet ◽  
J. P. Suquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Sunflower Proteins

1. Four groups of rats were fed for 49 d on one of four semi-purified diets, without added cholesterol and containing 230 g/kg of the following isolated proteins: casein, whey, soya-bean or sunflower.2. Whey, soya-bean and sunflower proteins, when compared with casein, decreased the level of serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. These low cholesterol levels were accompanied by an increase in the daily faecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids in the case of soya-bean protein, and by a decrease in the liver cholesterol content, when rats were fed on whey protein.3. Considering the amino acid composition of the four purified proteins, we observed that serum total and HDL-cholesterol levels had a significant positive correlation with tyrosine and glutamic acid, and a negative correlation with cystine and alanine.4. The present study showed that the hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary proteins was not related to their animal or vegetable origin.

EFFECTS OF AMPHENONE B AND OF DIET ON CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
High Doses

Amphenone B was added in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% to a number of synthetic diets and to a fox chow diet. These were then fed to young male rats to determine the effects on adrenal weight and on the cholesterol content of the adrenals, liver, and plasma. The rats fed amphenone mixed with synthetic diets showed a greater increase in adrenal size and adrenal cholesterol than those fed amphenone mixed with the chow diet. The liver and plasma cholesterol values of rats fed amphenone on synthetic diets were also increased appreciably while those of rats fed amphenone in the chow diet were near normal. Synthetic diets containing erucic acid and amphenone appeared to have the greatest effect on adrenal size and cholesterol content but other synthetic diets in some cases caused a greater increase in liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations. An attempt to examine the effect of injected amphenone on cholesterol levels in rats fed different diets was limited by the fact that high doses of amphenone cause prolonged anesthesia.

EFFECTS OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY AND DIETARY CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE CHICK ON PLASMA PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE, GLUTAMIC–OXALACETIC TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY, AND 14C-ACETATE INCORPORATION INTO CHOLESTEROL

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Lupien
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The influence of B6 avitaminosis and the feeding of cholesterol on protein-bound iodine (PBI) of plasma and plasma glutamic–oxalacetic transaminase (PGOT) levels of chicks was studied, and the findings related to relative rates of 14C-acetate incorporation into plasma and liver cholesterol of chicks 3, 5, 11, and 15 days old.High plasma cholesterol levels were noted in the 11-day-old vitamin B6-deficient chicks. Liver cholesterol levels of this group were not significantly altered. Dietary cholesterol added at a level of 1% significantly increased liver and plasma cholesterol levels of the cholesterol-fed control and vitamin B6-deficient chicks; it also inhibited 14C-acetate incorporation into plasma and liver cholesterol to a much greater extent than did simple B6 avitaminosis or exogenous cholesterol per se. PBI parameters for control and vitamin B6-deficient chicks resembled those of plasma and liver cholesterol specific activity curves during the experimental period. Decreased PBI levels were noted 8 days after the beginning of the experiment in the vitamin B6-deficient birds. Dietary cholesterol significantly decreased PBI levels of 11-day-old control birds but increased it markedly 4 days later. PBI levels of the 11-day-old cholesterol-fed birds deficient in vitamin B6 were not changed, but were significantly increased 4 days later. PGOT levels were highest in 3-day-old control birds, and decreased rapidly thereafter. PGOT levels of the vitamin B6-deficient chicks were significantly decreased 3 to 4 days after the beginning of the experiment. The supplementary dietary cholesterol increased PGOT levels of 15-day-old cholesterol-fed control birds, but decreased PGOT levels of cholesterol-fed chicks deficient in vitamin B6. Although preliminary, these observations suggest an interrelationship between pyridoxine, thyroxine, and the mechanism responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.

scholarly journals Modulation of plasma and tissue cholesterol and fatty acid composition by feeding flax and canola seeds and oils to rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sim ◽  
E. Nwokolo ◽  
Z. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Tissue Lipids

Intact full-fat oil seeds might be more resistant to oxidation than extracted and refined oils and might therefore be used as sources of dietary fat. The present study was conducted to examine and compare the influence of feeding full-fat flax and canola seeds and oils on the plasma and tissue lipids of the rat. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats (n = 4) were housed individually in metabolic cages and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing full-fat flax (FFF), flax meal + flax oil (FO), full-fat canola (FFC), canola meal + canola oil (CO), and soybean meal + animal tallow (AT). After 6 wk of feeding, plasma cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in rats fed flax diets (FF and FO) but not in those fed canola diets (FFC and CO). Liver cholesterol levels were not affected by dietary treatment. The highest levels of α-linolenic acid (LNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were recorded in the plasma, liver, heart and epididymal fat of rats fed the flax-containing diets. Intermediate levels of LNA and EPA in plasma and tissues were found in rats fed canola-containing diets. Rats fed flax diets had less arachidonic acid (AA) in plasma, liver, and heart tissues than those fed control and canola diets, indicating inhibition of AA synthesis by high dietary LNA provided by full-fat flax seed and flax oil. These results demonstrated that full-fat flax and canola seeds could be used as sources of dietary LNA to modify plasma and tissue lipids. Key words: Flax seed, canola seed, cholesterol, fatty acid, rat

scholarly journals Effect of cholesterol re-supplementation and atorvastatin on plaque composition in the thoracic aorta of New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bonaterra ◽  
K. Bender ◽  
B. Wilhelm ◽  
H. Schwarzbach ◽  
S. Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Plaque Size ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background Effects of re-supplementation of a cholesterol-enriched diet (CEDrs) on size, cholesterol content and morphology of already existing plaques are not known to date. Methods A group of rabbits received standard chow (SC) for 6 weeks (“negative control”; for plasma lipid measurements only). Group I-IV received 2% CED (induction) for 6 weeks; thereafter, groups II-IV have been fed a SC (= cholesterol withdrawal) for 68 weeks. Afterwards, feeding of groups II-IV was continued as follows: Group II - 10 weeks SC, group III - 4 weeks 0.5% CED (~re-supplementation), afterwards 6 weeks SC (~withdrawal again); group IV - 4 weeks 0.5% CED (re-supplementation) + atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg body weight/day), afterwards 6 weeks SC (~withdrawal again) + atorvastatin. Plasma lipids, but also plaque size, morphology and cholesterol contents of thoracic aortas were quantified. Results After CEDrs, plasma cholesterol levels were increased. However, after withdrawal of CEDrs, plasma cholesterol levels decreased, whereas the cholesterol content of the thoracic aorta was increased in comparison with the group without CEDrs. Plaque size remained unaffected. Atorvastatin application did not change plasma cholesterol level, cholesterol content of the thoracic aorta and plaque size in comparison with the group without drug treatment. However, atorvastatin treatment increased the density of macrophages (MΦ) compared with the group without treatment, with a significant correlation between densities of MΦ (Mac-1+) and apoptotic (TUNEL+; TP53+), antigen-presenting (HLA-DR+) or oxidatively stressed (SOD2+) cells. Conclusions In rabbits with already existing plaques, CEDrs affects plaque morphology and cellular composition, but not plaque size. Despite missing effects on plasma cholesterol levels, cholesterol content of the thoracic aorta and size of already existing atherosclerotic plaques, atorvastatin treatment transforms the already existing lesions to a more active form, which may accelerate the remodelling to a more stable plaque.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PROPIONIC ACID ON THE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM OF PIGS FED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC DIETS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
M. O. SALOMONS ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Tissue Cholesterol

Sixty-four crossbred pigs averaging 24 kg liveweight were used to study the effects of dietary propionic acid (PA) on plasma and tissue cholesterol concentrations of pigs fed hypercholesterolemic diets for 10 wk. Four diets, based on barley, wheat and soybean meal, consisting of a control diet and a diet containing 10% tallow, both fed with and without the addition of 5% PA were used in this study. Addition of PA to the control diet decreased feed intake (ADF) by 16%, decreased average daily gain (ADG) by 8% and improved feed conversion efficiency (FCE) by 8%. Addition of tallow to the control diet resulted in a 15% reduction in ADF, a 3% improvement in ADG and an 18% improvement in FCE. When both tallow and PA were present, ADF was depressed 26%, ADG decreased 5% and FCE improved 23%. The addition of tallow significantly increased the levels of total plasma cholesterol while the addition of PA significantly decreased the plasma cholesterol levels in comparison with the control diet and prevented the increase noted in the tallow group. Addition of PA to the control diet significantly increased the cholesterol content of backfat and significantly reduced the cholesterol content of the kidneys. Addition of PA to the tallow diet significantly reduced the cholesterol content of kidneys, but did not significantly affect the cholesterol content of backfat. It is suggested that the increased cholesterol content of backfat in pigs fed diets containing PA reflects a reduced transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion in the bile.

scholarly journals Strain-specific response to hypercholesterolaemic diets in the rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bottger ◽  
M. den Bieman ◽  
Æ. Lankhorst ◽  
H.A. van Lith ◽  
L.F.M. van Zutphen
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The cholesterolaemic effect of 2 hypercholesterolaemic diets was tested in 12 rat inbred strains. Diet I is a commercial diet supplemented with 2.0% (w/w) cholesterol and 5.0% (w/w) olive oil, diet II is identical to diet I with addition of 0.5% (w/w) sodium cholate. Strains with the highest plasma cholesterol response after diet I (BN and LEW) also had the highest cholesterol response after diet II (hyperresponders, mean response>3.5 mmol/l). In the strains DA, SHR, BC, WAC, LOU, PVG and BUF the strain mean cholesterol response remained below 1.3mmol/l after both diets (hyporesponders). Strains F344 and OM had an intermediate cholesterol response after both diets (normoresponders, mean response between 1.3 and 3.5 mmol/l). Only in the strains LOU, PVG and SHR there appeared to be a significant higher cholesterol response after diet II when compared with the cholesterol response after diet I. In the strain WKY this difference was of a borderline significance ( P=0.052) and this strain turned from a normoresponder after diet I into a hyperresponder after diet II. Liver cholesterol levels as measured after feeding diet II for two weeks also appeared to be strain-specific. No correlation was found between the plasma cholesterol response after diet II and the liver cholesterol levels. Changes in plasma phospholipid and triglyceride levels have been measured for both diet I and diet II. For group means a correlation between the cholesterol response and the change in phospholipid levels was found (r=0.86 for diet I, P<0.001 and r=0.76 for diet II, P<0.01). No such correlation was found for triglyceride levels.

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