scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PROPIONIC ACID ON THE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM OF PIGS FED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC DIETS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
M. O. SALOMONS ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Tissue Cholesterol

Sixty-four crossbred pigs averaging 24 kg liveweight were used to study the effects of dietary propionic acid (PA) on plasma and tissue cholesterol concentrations of pigs fed hypercholesterolemic diets for 10 wk. Four diets, based on barley, wheat and soybean meal, consisting of a control diet and a diet containing 10% tallow, both fed with and without the addition of 5% PA were used in this study. Addition of PA to the control diet decreased feed intake (ADF) by 16%, decreased average daily gain (ADG) by 8% and improved feed conversion efficiency (FCE) by 8%. Addition of tallow to the control diet resulted in a 15% reduction in ADF, a 3% improvement in ADG and an 18% improvement in FCE. When both tallow and PA were present, ADF was depressed 26%, ADG decreased 5% and FCE improved 23%. The addition of tallow significantly increased the levels of total plasma cholesterol while the addition of PA significantly decreased the plasma cholesterol levels in comparison with the control diet and prevented the increase noted in the tallow group. Addition of PA to the control diet significantly increased the cholesterol content of backfat and significantly reduced the cholesterol content of the kidneys. Addition of PA to the tallow diet significantly reduced the cholesterol content of kidneys, but did not significantly affect the cholesterol content of backfat. It is suggested that the increased cholesterol content of backfat in pigs fed diets containing PA reflects a reduced transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion in the bile.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

Bile Acids: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Physiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Bile acids, amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism, are “good” in the infant because they enhance lipid absorption and thereby promote growth. Bile acids also induce bile flow and biliary lipid secretion. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is “bad” in the adult because it downregulates hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein receptor activity and thereby elevates plasma cholesterol levels. Defects in bile acid metabolism such as impaired biosynthesis or transport are “ugly” because they cause morbidity and death. New approaches for treating these defects are being developed.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

scholarly journals l-Isoleucine Administration Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbing Mao ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Qingxiang Wang ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enterocyte Apoptosis

Inflammatory bowel disease (namely, colitis) severely impairs human health. Isoleucine is reported to regulate immune function (such as the production of immunoreactive substances). The aim of this study was to investigate whether l-isoleucine administration might alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. In the in vitro trial, IEC-18 cells were treated by 4 mmol/L l-isoleucine for 12 h, which relieved the decrease of cell viability that was induced by TNF-α (10 ng/ml) challenge for 24 h (P &lt;0.05). Then, in the in vivo experiment, a total of 44 Wistar rats were allotted into 2 groups that were fed l-isoleucine-supplemented diet and control diet for 35 d. From 15 to 35 d, half of the rats in the 2 groups drank the 4% DSS-adding water. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion of rats were impaired by DSS challenge (P &lt;0.05). Drinking the DSS-supplementing water also increased disease activity index (DAI) and serum urea nitrogen level (P &lt;0.05), shortened colonic length (P &lt;0.05), impaired colonic enterocyte apoptosis, cell cycle, and the ZO-1 mRNA expression (P &lt;0.05), increased the ratio of CD11c-, CD64-, and CD169-positive cells in colon (P &lt;0.05), and induced extensive ulcer, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and collagenous fiber hyperplasia in colon. However, dietary l-isoleucine supplementation attenuated the negative effect of DSS challenge on growth performance (P &lt;0.05), DAI (P &lt;0.05), colonic length and enterocyte apoptosis (P &lt;0.05), and dysfunction of colonic histology, and downregulated the ratio of CD11c-, CD64-, and CD169-positive cells, pro-inflammation cytokines and the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon of rats (P &lt;0.05). These results suggest that supplementing l-isoleucine in diet improved the DSS-induced growth stunting and colonic damage in rats, which could be associated with the downregulation of inflammation via regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in colon.

Hypercholesterolemia of total starvation: its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Swaner ◽  
WE Connor
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell ◽  
Total Starvation ◽  
Linear Decay

After the establishment of a relatively linear decay curve for plasma [4-14C]cholesterol, rabbits were starved for 26-32 days. The plasma cholesterol concentration increased 400% during starvation. Concurrently, the plasma triglyceride level declined by 50%. While the plasma cholesterol was rising, the cholesterol specific radioactivity of the plasma remained unchanged in starved animals, but in control animals the plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity declined substantially. The cholesterol content of the liver and adipose tissue increased with starvation. The cholesterol specific radioactivities relative to plasma for adipose tissue were lower in the starved animals versus controls. These results support the hypothesis that cholesterol stored in the lipid droplet of the adipose tissue cell is released into plasma and is the chief source of the hypercholesterolemia observed during complete caloric starvation. Cholesterol metabolism in the starved animal can be depicted as a virtually closed system in both the input from biosynthesis and diet being low or zero and the output likewise being close to zero.

scholarly journals Optimization of a Low Magnesium, Cholesterol-Containing Diet for the Development of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon W. Smith ◽  
Jennifer L. King ◽  
Rita J. Miller ◽  
James P. Blue Jr. ◽  
Sandhya Sarwate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Accelerate Atherosclerosis ◽  
Atherosclerosis Research

<p>The cholesterol-fed rabbit is useful for atherosclerosis research. We describe development of a low-magnesium (Mg) cholesterol-containing diet to accelerate atherosclerosis in this model. Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed either chow or one of four atherogenic diets: 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg, 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.40% Mg, 2% cholesterol 20% fat 0.11% Mg, or 2% cholesterol 20% fat 0.40% Mg. While feed intake decreased in cholesterol-fed rabbits, they were able to maintain their body weights. Rabbits consuming cholesterol experienced profound hypercholesterolemia and tissue lipid accumulation, with plasma cholesterol levels above 1500 mg/dl for all groups at the completion of the study. Liver and spleen lipid content and liver cholesterol content also increased. Aortic arch atheroma thickness was greatest in 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg animals. Tissue Mg levels decreased in cholesterol-fed animals compared to chow-fed controls, despite equal or greater serum Mg levels. Our results indicate that the 1% cholesterol 10% fat 0.11% Mg diet was optimal at promoting hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis while minimizing health complications for the animals. The low Mg cholesterol diet will be useful to other biomedical researchers interested in utilizing the rabbit for cardiovascular disease research.</p>

scholarly journals Feeding Agroindustrial Byproducts to Light Lambs: Influence on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Plasma Metabolites

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad de Evan ◽  
Almudena Cabezas ◽  
Jesús de la Fuente ◽  
María Dolores Carro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Homogeneous Groups

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing cereals and protein concentrates in a high-cereal concentrate (control) for light lambs with corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 18%), dried citrus pulp (DCP; 18%), and exhausted olive cake (EOC; 8%) in a byproduct (BYP) concentrate on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolites. Two homogeneous groups of Lacaune lambs (13.8 kg ± 0.25 kg) were fed one of each concentrates and barley straw ad libitum until reaching about 26 kg body weight. There were no differences between groups on feed intake, average daily gain, or feed conversion ratio, but the control diet had greater (p < 0.001) dry matter digestibility. Diet had no effect on post-mortem ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and profile, but NH3-N concentrations were lower (p = 0.003) for the BYP-fed group compared with the control one. However, plasma concentrations of amino acids, total proteins, urea, and hepatic enzymes were not affected by the diet. In conclusion, 44% of feed ingredients in the concentrate for light lambs can be replaced with a mixture of corn DDGS, DCP, and EOC without negatively affecting growing performance and animal health.

EFFECTS OF AMPHENONE B AND OF DIET ON CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
High Doses

Amphenone B was added in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% to a number of synthetic diets and to a fox chow diet. These were then fed to young male rats to determine the effects on adrenal weight and on the cholesterol content of the adrenals, liver, and plasma. The rats fed amphenone mixed with synthetic diets showed a greater increase in adrenal size and adrenal cholesterol than those fed amphenone mixed with the chow diet. The liver and plasma cholesterol values of rats fed amphenone on synthetic diets were also increased appreciably while those of rats fed amphenone in the chow diet were near normal. Synthetic diets containing erucic acid and amphenone appeared to have the greatest effect on adrenal size and cholesterol content but other synthetic diets in some cases caused a greater increase in liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations. An attempt to examine the effect of injected amphenone on cholesterol levels in rats fed different diets was limited by the fact that high doses of amphenone cause prolonged anesthesia.

scholarly journals Effects of oat bran, processed to different molecular weights of β-glucan, on plasma lipids and caecal formation of SCFA in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Immerstrand ◽  
Kristina E. Andersson ◽  
Caroline Wange ◽  
Ana Rascon ◽  
Per Hellstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Difference

In the present study, we evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of different oat bran (OB) preparations, differing regarding their peak molecular weight (MWp) of β-glucans (2348, 1311, 241, 56, 21 or < 10 kDa), in C57BL/6NCrl mice. The diets were designed to be atherogenic (0·8 % cholesterol and 0·1 % cholic acid), and they reflected the Western diet pattern (41 % energy fat). All OB preparations that were investigated significantly reduced plasma cholesterol when compared with a cellulose-containing control diet, regardless of the molecular weight of β-glucan. Moreover, the difference in viscous properties between the processed OB (from 0·11 to 17·7 l/g) did not appear to play a major role in the cholesterol-lowering properties. In addition, there was no correlation between the molecular weight of β-glucan and the amount of propionic acid formed in caecum. Interestingly, however, there was a significant correlation between the ratio of (propionic acid+butyric acid)/acetic acid and the MWpof β-glucans: the ratio increased with increasing molecular weight. The results of the present study suggest that the molecular weights and viscous properties of β-glucan in oat products may not be crucial parameters for their cholesterol-lowering effects.

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN B12 ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF PIGS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PROPIONIC ACID OR CALCIUM PROPIONATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Calcium Propionate ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation of diets containing propionic acid (PA) or calcium propionate (CP) on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), backfat measurements and fatty acid (FA) composition, were studied utilizing 80 crossbred pigs averaging 22.5 kg. Diets based on barley-soybean meal, containing 0, 3.5 or 7% PA or CP were fed with and without the addition of 4.95 mg of vitamin B12 per kg of diet. The addition of PA depressed average daily feed(ADF) intake, while CP had no effect. ADG was reduced when either 7% PA or CP was fed, but ADG was slightly improved when 3.5% PA or CP was fed. FCE was improved when 3.5 or 7% PA or 3.5% CP was fed, but 7% CP depressed FCE. Vitamin B12 supplementation slightly improved the ADG and FCE of pigs fed CP, but had no effect on pigs fed PA. None of these differences was significant at the 5% level. Addition of CP significantly reduced the thickness of carcass backfat in treated pigs. Supplementation with vitamin B12 eliminated this reduction. A similar, though non-significant, trend was observed with PA. Pigs fed 7% PA or CP had significantly higher levels of odd-chain FA 17:0 and 17:1 in carcass back fat. Addition of vitamin B12 mollified this effect. In addition, vitamin B12 supplementation of PA-treated pigs significantly increased the levels of the unsaturated FA 18:2 and 18:3.

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