scholarly journals Why Only People and Apes are Ill with Common Cold? The Possible Role of Chromosomal Q-Heterochromatin Variability

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
A. I. Ibraimov
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Circulatory Disturbance ◽  
Sickness Rate ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Body Heat

<p class="1Body">Common cold (CC) is referred to the most widespread human illnesses and affects people all over the globe. Till now there is no standard theory explaining the development mechanism(s) of СС. The etiology of the CC is known - over 200 virus strains are implicated in the cause of the common cold; the rhinoviruses are the most common. As for pathogenesis, it is conventional, that cold plays the important role in development of СС. It is believed that cooling causes blood circulatory disturbance and permeability of vessels that consequently deteriorates the tissue nutrition and its resistance against infectious agents, and its resistibility in relation to infection. It is also known that the CC sickness rate is affected by the age (children get sick more often than adults) and gender (male individuals are more susceptible to CC than females, regardless of their age). Among the issues that have not received an answer is another question: why CC affects only upon humans and apes? It is hypothesized that the cause of these higher primates susceptibility to CC is the highest level of their body heat conductivity in the animal world. Just this circumstance contributes to the rapid and deep cooling of the bodies of people and apes when it is cold, with all the ensuing negative consequences for the organism.</p>

scholarly journals Perceptions of the Importance of Sleep in Common Cold—Two Online Questionnaire-Based Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-605
Author(s):  
Gill Phillipson ◽  
Sue Aspley ◽  
Ingo Fietze
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Common ◽  
Waking Up

Abstract Sleep deprivation affects the immune system and can render subjects more susceptible to symptoms associated with the common cold. The aim of this research was to investigate cold sufferers’ and doctors’ perceptions of the role of sleep in recovery from cold/flu. An online survey of 4000 adults who had suffered from cold/flu in the previous 12 months was conducted in eight countries and an online survey of 150 doctors was conducted in Germany. Responses were collected to questions regarding aspects of life affected by, and concerns while suffering from, cold/flu symptoms including nighttime awakening and actions taken to aid recovery. Responses were also collected to questions regarding advice given to cold/flu patients and the importance of sleep. Ability to sleep well was widely reported as negatively impacted by cold/flu (mean 46.1% of respondents across eight countries), especially in Western Europe, and inability to sleep well was a frequently reported concern associated with suffering from cold/flu (21.8%). To sleep more than usual was a frequently reported action taken to feel better (40.5%). Ninety-four percent of respondents reported waking up at night because of symptoms, cough being the most frequently reported symptom to awaken respondents. There was evidence of a possible relationship between sleep quality and medication taken at night for symptom relief. Countries with the highest proportions of respondents who reported sleep to be the aspect of life most negatively affected by a cold (France, Germany and Italy) were also those with the lowest proportions of respondents who reported that taking medications at night was the most effective way of getting back to sleep after waking due to cold symptoms. The majority of doctors believed sleep helped cold/flu patients to recover faster and that a good night’s sleep was important. Sleep is widely considered to be important in promoting recovery from cold/flu. Hence, the relief of symptoms that disrupt sleep is also likely to be important for a faster recovery.

Covid-19 And Sudden Death with Pulmonary Manifestations- A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Virus Strains

Covid 19 being a pandemic has uniformly and bizarrely affected the globe in a most unpredictable manner. So it becomes very important to unravel the transmission dynamics and the effect of the virus which has made it a deadly virus so far. Covid 19 is a member of coronavirus family, which also includes the SARS virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Symptoms) virus. The family of Coronavirus includes virus strains that the common cold and flu are caused [1].

scholarly journals Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Hemilä
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk

Although the role of vitamin C in common cold incidence had been studied extensively, the level of vitamin C intake has not been unequivocally shown to affect the incidence of colds. In the present study the six largest vitamin C supplementation (≥ 1 g/d) studies, including over 5000 episodes in all, have been analysed, and it is shown that common cold incidence is not reduced in the vitamin C-supplemented groups compared with the placebo groups (pooled rate ratio (RR) 0·99; 95% CI 0·93, 1·04). Consequently these six major studies give no evidence that high-dose vitamin C supplementation decreases common cold incidence in ordinary people. Nevertheless, the analysis was continued with the hypothesis that vitamin C intake may affect common cold susceptibility in specific groups of people. It was assumed that the potential effect of supplementation might be most conspicuous in subjects with low dietary vitamin C intake. The average vitamin C intake has been rather low in the UK and plasma vitamin C concentrations are in general lower in males than in females. In four studies with British females vitamin C supplementation had no marked effect on common cold incidence (pooled RR 0·95; 95% CI 0·86, 1·04). However, in four studies with British male schoolchildren and students a statistically highly significant reduction in common cold incidence was found in groups supplemented with vitamin C (pooled RR 0·70; 95% CI 0·60, 0·81). Thus, these studies with British males indicate that vitamin C intake has physiological effects on susceptibility to common cold infections, although the effect seems quantitatively meaningful only in limited groups of people and is not very large.

scholarly journals Experience of Postsocialist Transformation in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-189
Author(s):  
I. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Market Relation ◽  
The Common

In the article the experience of post-socialist transformation in the Slovak Republic after the Velvet Revolution and gaining of independence after the collapse of Czechoslovakia in 1993 was examined. The process of reforming of the society and state, the transition from the communist to the western model of economy, the role of public sector on the path to EU and NATO accession were investigated. It was defined that the reforming of authorities, society and the state, which had already begun in the common state of Czechs and Slovaks under the leadership of V. Havel in 1990-1992, had a great value for the formation of independent Slovakia, because, despite some differences, the European destination became a key point which determined the process of accelerated modernization and the transition from planned socialism to a free market relation. It was determined that the «peaceful divorce» with Czech Republic had become one of the most important steps on the way for successful European integration of Slovakia. The key role of civil society in the transforming of Slovak state and overcoming the negative consequences of the dominance of communist ideology on the path of European and Euro Atlantic integration was represented. The public sector has become a driving force that guided Slovak society towards accelerated modernization in 1998-2006. It was shown the process of struggle of the European choice supporters with pro-Russian policy of V. Meciar, whose period should be generally considered as a «Slovak kuchmism». The final victory of pro-European forces in the 1998 elections led to the acceleration of modernization processes in Slovakia, implementation of required changes in society and state managing necessary for EU and NATO accession.

The Role of Immunity in the common Cold and Related Viral Respiratory Infections

1963 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis B. Lefkowitz ◽  
George Gee Jackson ◽  
Harry F. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

scholarly journals Gender based Differences in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Somia Iqtadar ◽  
Sajid Abaidullah ◽  
Khalid Masood Gondal ◽  
Amber Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

Coronaviruses are a huge family of viruses that originate disease extending from the common cold tofurther fatal maladies. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the gender baseddifferences in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Study included total 150 participants visiting Departmentof Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected through self-structured questionnaireusing non-probability convenient sampling. Prior written informed consents were taken from theparticipants. Ethical approval was taken from The University of Lahore, Lahore. Data were analyzedthrough SPSS version 25.0. Results: Results showed that among the comorbidities hypertension wasmost common in COVID-19 patients followed by diabetes mellitus, especially in females. Whereas renaldisorders and asthma were most reported in males. Analysis revealed that there was a significantassociation (p=0.001) between disease severity and gender. Conclusion: Study concluded that therewas significant association between gender and disease severity.Key words: COVID-19, gender based differences, comorbidities

scholarly journals An investigation of university students’ homophobia levels regarding gender and gender rolesÜniversitesi öğrencilerinin homofobi düzeylerinin cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolleri açısından incelenmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
İsmail Sanberk ◽  
Metehan Çelik ◽  
Mehmet Gök
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

The aim is to examine the investigation whether gender, gender role and both of them is effective on the homophobia levels among the university students or not. The sample includes 202 girls (63%) and 118 men (37%), total rate 320 students from different departments of Çukurova Univercity. The data is collected through Personal Information Form, Bem Gender Role Invantory and Hudson Ricket Homophobia Scale. The findings reflect that university students’ homophobia levels differ significantly in terms of gender and gender roles. It means that, those men and masculine gender role they have received from homophobia scale scores were significantly higher. However, the gender and the role of gender have not been found to play a significant role on the common effects of homophobia. Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyet, cinsiyet rolleri ve her iki değişkenin homofobi düzeyi üzerinde, ortak etki gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Çukurova Üniversitesinin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 202’si kız (%63) ve 118’i erkek (%37) olmak üzere toplam 320 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Bem Cinsiyet Rolü ve Hudson ve Ricket Homofobi Ölçekleri aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular üniversite öğrencilerinin homofobi puanlarının cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolü açısından anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Buna göre erkekler ve cinsiyet rolü erkeksi olanların homofobi ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ancak cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolü ortak etkisinin homofobi üzerinde anlamlı rol oynamadığı tespit edilmiştir.

scholarly journals The importance of the traditional milpa in food security and nutritional self-sufficiency in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246281
Author(s):  
Ivan P. Novotny ◽  
Pablo Tittonell ◽  
Mariela H. Fuentes-Ponce ◽  
Santiago López-Ridaura ◽  
Walter A. H. Rossing
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Food

Around 30% of global food is produced by smallholder farmers, yet they constitute the most food-insecure group. In Mexico, food self-sufficiency is declining. Rural policies in the country have stimulated the production of cash crops to the detriment of the traditional intercropping system, the milpa. Such a decline may have negative consequences for the food security of subsistence farmers. This study aimed to assess changes in nutritional self-sufficiency over the last 30 years and the role of milpa systems in food security for two communities in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study used satellite images, censuses, and field data to estimate food production. Three cropping systems, monoculture of maize, monoculture of common bean, and the milpa were compared in terms of nutrients and vitamins produced. Furthermore, a household typology was developed for each community to contrast nutritional self-sufficiency levels between the different household types. Results showed that the milpa produced more volume of food per area compared to the other systems. The milpa also produced all the nutrients and vitamins (except for B12) required to feed at least 2 persons ha-1. Monocultures of maize lacked vitamins A, B9, B12, and C, and the common bean lacked vitamins A, B12, and C. While farmers recognized the importance of the milpa, they preferred monocultures due to the reduced labor demands of this system. Households that obtained most of their income from off-farm activities had the lowest nutritional self-sufficiency. Enhancing nutritional self-sufficiency through crop diversification has the potential to not only improve the nutrition of subsistence farmers, but also to enhance ecosystem service provision, promote biodiversity conservation and restoration, and improve resilience to climate change.

The Common Fears and Their Origins Among Turkish Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Begüm Serim-Yıldız ◽  
Özgür Erdur-Baker ◽  
Aslı Bugay
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Gender

The present study aimed to investigate the common fears and their origins among children and adolescents from different age, gender, and socioeconomic levels (SES). The sample was comprised of 642 females (48.8%) and 673 males (51.2%) with a total of 1,315 participants aged between 8 and 18 (M = 13.15; SD = 3.18). The Fear interview was utilised to examine the common fears and the role of conditioning, modelling and negative information in the development of children's fears. The result showed that the most common fear in Turkey was ‘God’, followed by ‘losing my friends’ and ‘going to Hell’. In addition, the findings revealed that Turkish students are more likely to learn fears by modelling rather than negative information transmission and conditioning. The results also indicated that negative information transmission had a more intensifying effect on the children and adolescents’ existing fear rather than modelling and conditioning. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the effects of age, gender and SES on the origins of fear. Results showed that age and gender were significant predictors of origins of fear.

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