scholarly journals The Purpose of "Correction" in the Russian Criminal and Criminal and Executive Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epikhin Alexander Yuryevich ◽  
Zaitsev Oleg Aleksandrovich ◽  
Tasakov Sergei Vladimirovich ◽  
Nechaeva Elena Vladimirovna ◽  
Mishin Andrey Viktorovich ◽  
...  

The process of carrying out (serving) a criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment according to the Russian criminal and penal law provides for isolation of the convicted person, limitations of rights and certain freedoms, as well as using corrective measures to change the criminal orientation of that person towards positive law-abiding behavior. According to penal law, the corrective process is being implemented by carrying out the main measures of corrective action, which the law lists as: regulated conditions, socially useful labor, educational work, general and professional education, and social influence. Currently the penal system sees a general trend of reducing the total number of imprisoned persons. According to the statistics by the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 880 thousand people were serving a prison sentence in 2010, 550 thousand people in 2016, as of 1 June 2018 that number was 520.5 thousand people, and as of 1 May 2019 it was 552,188 persons. In the recent years, the number of prisoners tends to stay on the same level. These numbers testify to the continued humanization of the criminal and penal policy of the Russian Federation, as well as to the results of applying corrective actions to those sentenced to imprisonment.

Author(s):  
Irina A. Trushina

The Annual Meeting of the Heads of Federal and Central Regional Libraries of Russia was held on November 11—12, 2020 in the online format. The event was organized by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Russian National Library and the Russian State Library. The main goal of the meeting is to ensure participation of the heads of federal and central regional libraries in the formation and implementation of the state library policy. The topic of the 2020 Meeting is “The Library Profession and Scientific and Educational Work of Libraries”. The scientific content of the meeting was basically determined by the “Strategy for the development of librarianship in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”, the draft development of which has been already completed as a whole, but requires the deployment of large-scale research work to form the unified system for monitoring the activities of libraries in the country.The meeting focused on the following issues: organization of scientific research work in libraries; training of professional staff; modernization of librarianship and the role of information technologies in the modern development of libraries and digitalization. The relevance of these topics was proved in the discourse on the development of higher and further professional education in the library sector, improvement of availability of information in the modern conditions. During the sessions, there were summed up the results of the 7th All-Russian competition “Library Analytics” among the central libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the 8th All-Russian competition “The Best Professional Book of the Year” and the 7th All-Russian library review competition for the best electronic publication on culture and art.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
L. A. Santashova ◽  
◽  
E. A. Khudyakova ◽  

The article analyzes the current problems of legal regulation and the application of incentives and penalties for convicts serving sentences of imprisonment. The scientific work contains a historical content analysis of the current systems of measures of incentives and penalties in different periods of the historical development of society and the penal system of the Russian Federation. Based on the conducted empirical research among 20 employees - detachment commanders from 13 regions of Russia, undergoing advanced training the program «Organization of educational work» in the Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, the authors of the article prepared a number of recommendations and suggestions for improving the current legislation and its application in this area. The article draws attention to the exclusion of ineffective incentives from the penal legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, the award of a gift and a cash prize. Proposals were made to expand the list of incentive measures to ensure the differentiation and individualization of the sentence of imprisonment. The authors made proposals to improve the penalties applied to those sentenced to imprisonment: to increase the size of the disciplinary penalty, taking into account inflation, not to include the convicted person in a punishment cell and a single chamber type in the general term of serving a sentence, to add the list of penalties. In addition, the article deals with the problems of recognizing a convict as a malicious violator of the established order of punishment. The results of the study can be used in the educational process in the study of legal disciplines, in the law enforcement practice of employees of the penal system of the Russian Federation, as well as for further research in this area.


Author(s):  
Александр Михайлович Смирнов

В статье актуализируется вопрос отсутствия в российском уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве главной обязанности осужденных - исправиться. Включение в Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс Российской Федерации данной обязанности обусловлено гуманным отношением государства к лицу, причинившему существенный вред человеку, обществу и государству, цивилизованными условиями отбывания наказания, соответствующими международным стандартам, теми огромными затратами, которые тратит государство на содержание осужденных и в целом на функционирование уголовно-исполнительной системы. Отсутствие у осужденных обязанности исправиться лишает весь процесс отбывания наказания какого-либо смысла, превращая исправительный процесс в юридическую фикцию. Нормативная регламентация обязанности осужденных исправиться имеет важное значение для эффективного достижения целей уголовного наказания и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, определяет фундаментальную основу развития уголовно-исполнительной политики. Только такая мера будет способствовать стимулированию осужденных к реальному исправлению и, как следствие, снижению повторной и рецидивной преступности в стране. В силу этого считаем необходимым включить обязанность исправиться в перечень обязанностей осужденных, предусмотренных ст. 11 Уголовно-исполнительного кодекса Российской Федерации, нормативно регламентировать перечень критериев исправления осужденных, а исправление осужденного предусмотреть в качестве основания для его освобождения не только в случае условно-досрочного освобождения. Срок наказания должен быть динамичной категорией. Если он может сокращаться в случае предоставления осужденному условно-досрочного освобождения, то исходя из здравого смысла он должен и продлеваться в силу того, что осужденный не исправился. Именно поэтому невыполнение осужденным рассматриваемой обязанности исправиться, то есть его не исправление, должно стать условием продления судом срока назначенного ему наказания, поскольку цель исправления еще не достигнута. The article actualizes the issue of the absence of the main duty of convicts in the Russian penal legislation to reform. The inclusion of this obligation in the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation is due to the humane attitude of the state towards the person who caused significant harm to a person, society and the state, civilized conditions for serving sentences, consistent with international standards, the enormous costs that the state spends on the maintenance of convicts and on the whole functioning penal system. The absence of the duty of the convicts to reform deprives the whole process of serving a sentence of any meaning, turning the correctional process into a legal fiction. The normative regulation of the duty of convicts to reform is important for the effective achievement of the goals of criminal punishment and penal legislation; it defines the fundamental basis for the development of penal policy. Only such a measure will help stimulate convicts to real correction and, as a result, reduce repeated and recidivism in the country. By virtue of this, we consider it necessary to include the obligation to improve in the list of duties of convicted persons provided for in 11 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, to regulate normatively the list of criteria for the correction of convicted persons, and to provide for the correction of the convicted person as a basis for his release, not only in the case of conditional release. The sentence should be a dynamic category. If it can be reduced if the convicted person is given parole, then on the basis of common sense, he should be extended because the convicted person has not recovered. That is why the failure of the convicted person to fulfill the duty to reform, i.e. its not correction, should become a condition for the extension of the term of punishment assigned to it by the court, since the purpose of correction has not yet been achieved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER V. PARSHKOV ◽  
◽  
SMBAT M. MADOYAN ◽  
SVETLANA N. CHUDAKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  

In March 2021, the Jubilee X International Week of Creativity of Cadets and Students of Educational Organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service «Vivat, cadets!» was held at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. This brightest event in the life of the university was represented by a multi-level complex of interesting and rich events of scientific, sports, creative and cultural nature, within the framework of which young talents were discovered, scientific and creative competencies of students were developed, and valuable experience was exchanged, including at the international level. Key words: week of creativity, educational organizations, the Federal Penitentiary Service, cadets, students, scientific events, educational work, creativity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
YURII E. SUSLOV

Introduction: the paper analyzes scientific data related to the definition of the phenomenon “lengthy prison term” and demonstrates a relative and conditional nature of this phenomenon. Available scientific research findings in this area suggest that the duration of serving a sentence is an exclusively subjective measure for various criminals. Goal: to identify the impact of the length of prison sentences on convicts in the context of their reformation. Methods: we use general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization). The work is based on the results derived from the analysis of relevant foreign and domestic studies. Results: by analyzing the influence of specific features inherent in correctional institutions, we reveal the following inconsistency: custodial sentences and lengthy prison terms contribute to the adaptation of convicts to prison conditions, development of negative changes in their personality, destructive conduct, etc. In addition, prolonged stay in a correctional institution reduces the impact of major means of reformation such as prison regime, educational work, and socially useful work. Conclusions: when determining the length of prison term, it is necessary to proceed not so much from the nature and degree of public danger of the act, but from individual features of the criminal’s personality, their social environment, and the motive for the crime committed. It is necessary to abandon the quantitative approach to determining the mea sure of punishment expressed in the length of the prison term. Key words: lengthy prison term; serving a sentence; correctional institutions; crime; convicts; reformation; punishment; penal system of the Russian Federation; isolation conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Yurii E. Suslov

Introduction: the paper analyzes scientific data related to the definition of the phenomenon “lengthy prison term” and demonstrates a relative and conditional nature of this phenomenon. Available scientific research findings in this area suggest that the duration of serving a sentence is an exclusively subjective measure for various criminals. Goal: to identify the impact of the length of prison sentences on convicts in the context of their reformation. Methods: we use general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization). The work is based on the results derived from the analysis of relevant foreign and domestic studies. Results: by analyzing the influence of specific features inherent in correctional institutions, we reveal the following inconsistency: custodial sentences and lengthy prison terms contribute to the adaptation of convicts to prison conditions, development of negative changes in their personality, destructive conduct, etc. In addition, prolonged stay in a correctional institution reduces the impact of major means of reformation such as prison regime, educational work, and socially useful work. Conclusions: when determining the length of prison term, it is necessary to proceed not so much from the nature and degree of public danger of the act, but from individual features of the criminal’s personality, their social environment, and the motive for the crime committed. It is necessary to abandon the quantitative approach to determining the measure of punishment expressed in the length of the prison term. Key words: lengthy prison term; serving a sentence; correctional institutions; crime; convicts; reformation; punishment; penal system of the Russian Federation; isolation conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Aleksei Rodionov

The article presents a review of a monograph on the problems of penal law “Suspended sentence (release) with mandatory involvement in labor”. The monograph was published in “UNITY-DANA: Law and Right” in 2018 ISBN 978-5-238-03062-3. The author is Yuriy Anatol’evich Kashuba, DSc (Law), Professor, professor of penal law department at the Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia. The monograph is recommended for publication by the Research Institute of Education and Science, as well as the International Educational and Methodological center “Professional textbook”. The monograph is devoted to Institutes of probation with mandatory involvement in labor and conditional release from places of liberty deprivation with mandatory involvement of the convict in labor. These institutions were founded since the decrees adoption of the Supreme Soviet Presidium of the USSR “About parole from places of imprisonment for convicts, who have embarked on a way of correction, for work on constructions of national economy enterprises” (adopted on 20.03.1964), “About probation with mandatory involvement of convicted persons in labor” (adopted on 12.06.1970). After liquidation of the USSR, they were canceled in 1993. Later, the legislator introduced new types of punishment – restriction of freedom, and later – forced labor that borrowed many elements from probation with mandatory involvement in labor (Article 24.2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR) and parole with mandatory involvement of convicted persons in labor (Article 53.2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). The monograph can be used in improving the norms of criminal, criminal procedural and penal legislation, in the activities of the Penal system, in the process of teaching criminal and penal law and other related disciplines.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
M B Kostrova

The paper critically perceives the traditional approach that only distinguishes two forms of the penal practice implementation, that is, law making and law enforcement. The author proves that there is a separate field for the Russian Federation Constitutional and Supreme courts, that is, a law explanatory one. This form of the state activity does not belong to law enforcement proper. It is in the governing influence on the latter. It is typical of the law explanatory practice of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court that it influences the penal law making in a governing way. A number of negative tendencies have been singled out. The author arrives at a conclusion that the Russian Federation Constitutional and Supreme courts’ law explanatory practice as an independent form of the Russian penal policy needs a governing impact. The paper offers the ways to overcome these negative tendencies.


Author(s):  
G. Variushina

Приводятся сведения о разработанных специалистами АО МосводоканалНИИпроект научных исследованиях и проектных решениях в области очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории Москвы, причинах загрязнения водоисточников неочищенными поверхностными стоками в 1970х годах. Представлены основные характеристики комплексов глубокой очистки поверхностных стоков, разработанных проектов очистных сооружений для промышленных предприятий с площадью водосбора 0,3 1 5 10 и 15 га. Показано, что эффективность очистки поверхностных сточных вод соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым к водоемам рыбохозяйственного значения. При этом для обезвоживания осадка, образующегося в накопительном резервуаре очистных сооружений, в технологической схеме предусмотрена песковая площадка, а для сбора плавающих нефтепродуктов нефтеразделитель. Новизна разработанной технологии обезвреживания поверхностного стока и обработки осадка была подтверждена пятью патентами РФ, одобрена Госстроем РФ, Центральным управлением по рыбохозяйственной экспертизе и нормативам по сохранению, воспроизводству водных биологических ресурсов и акклиматизации, Городской санитарной службой Москвы и области, службами Москомприроды и Мосгосэкспертизы. Показан вклад специалистов лаборатории обработки природных, промышленнодождевых сточных вод и осадка в решение проблем очистки поверхностного стока. Приведена информация об истории развития и перспективных направлениях научной деятельности лаборатории, ее планах в организационнометодической и воспитательной работе с молодыми специалистами.Information on the research and design solutions developed by the experts of MosvodokanalNIIproject JSC in the field of surface runoff treatment from the territory of Moscow, the causes of water sources pollution with raw surface runoff in the 1970s. The basic characteristics of the complexes for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff, the developed projects of wastewater treatment facilities for industrial enterprises with a catchment area of 0.3 1 5 10 and 15 ha. It is shown that the effectiveness of surface runoff treatment meets the requirements to water bodies of commercial fishing importance. At the same time, for dewatering of sludge generated in the retention basin of wastewater treatment facilities, a grit dewatering bay is included into the process flow scheme, and an oil separator is used to collect floating oil products. The novelty of the developed technology for neutralization of surface runoff and sludge treatment has been acknowledged by five patents of the Russian Federation, approved by Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, the Central Department of Fisheries Examination and Review and Protection and Renewal and Acclimatization Standards, the Moscow City and Moscow Region Sanitary Service, Moskompriroda and Mosgosekspertiza services. The contribution of the research workers of the laboratory for the treatment of natural, industrialstorm wastewater and sludge processing to the solution of problems of surface runoff treatment is demonstrated. The information about the history of development and promising areas of research activity of the laboratory, its plans in the organizational, methodological and educational work with young professionals is given.


Author(s):  
Вячеслав Александрович Шиханов ◽  
Валерий Александрович Казначеев

В статье подробно изучены и проанализированы нормативно-правовые акты Российской Федерации, охраняющие жизнь и здоровье каждого человека, так как данные нормативно-правовые акты в такой же мере распространяются и на лиц, находящихся в местах лишения свободы. Актуальность данной проблемы, на наш взгляд, обусловлена тем, что в своей практической деятельности администрация учреждения часто сталкивается с вопросом такого характера. Это в свою очередь порождает ряд проблем современной УИС: медицинское обеспечение УИС, сокращение численности штата, плохо организованное сотрудничество с государственными медицинскими учреждениями, что также было рассмотрено в данной работе. Авторы, проанализировав вышеупомянутые пробелы в УИС, предложили свои пути решения, которые, по их мнению, позволят решить как основную проблему - организацию безопасных условий во время охраны осужденных и заключенных под стражу лиц в медицинских учреждениях, так и сопутствующие проблемы. In this work, the author examined in detail the problematic issues of organizing safe conditions during the protection of convicted and detained persons in state and municipal medical institutions. For this, the author thoroughly studied and analyzed the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation protecting the life and health of each person, since the data of the legal acts apply to persons in prison to the same extent. In my opinion, the problem of this article in prisons is relevant today, since in its practical activities the administration of the institution often faces a question of this nature. I believe that the relevance of this article gives rise to many gaps that are inherent in penal correction systems, such as: medical support of Penal System, downsizing, poorly organized cooperation with state medical institutions, which was also considered in this paper. Having analyzed the above-mentioned gaps inherent in the Penal System, the author proposed his own solutions, which, in his opinion, will solve both the main problem, the organization of safe conditions during the protection of convicted and detained persons in medical institutions, and related gaps in general.


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