DUTY TO CORRECT - MAIN DUTY OF CONVICTS

Author(s):  
Александр Михайлович Смирнов

В статье актуализируется вопрос отсутствия в российском уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве главной обязанности осужденных - исправиться. Включение в Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс Российской Федерации данной обязанности обусловлено гуманным отношением государства к лицу, причинившему существенный вред человеку, обществу и государству, цивилизованными условиями отбывания наказания, соответствующими международным стандартам, теми огромными затратами, которые тратит государство на содержание осужденных и в целом на функционирование уголовно-исполнительной системы. Отсутствие у осужденных обязанности исправиться лишает весь процесс отбывания наказания какого-либо смысла, превращая исправительный процесс в юридическую фикцию. Нормативная регламентация обязанности осужденных исправиться имеет важное значение для эффективного достижения целей уголовного наказания и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, определяет фундаментальную основу развития уголовно-исполнительной политики. Только такая мера будет способствовать стимулированию осужденных к реальному исправлению и, как следствие, снижению повторной и рецидивной преступности в стране. В силу этого считаем необходимым включить обязанность исправиться в перечень обязанностей осужденных, предусмотренных ст. 11 Уголовно-исполнительного кодекса Российской Федерации, нормативно регламентировать перечень критериев исправления осужденных, а исправление осужденного предусмотреть в качестве основания для его освобождения не только в случае условно-досрочного освобождения. Срок наказания должен быть динамичной категорией. Если он может сокращаться в случае предоставления осужденному условно-досрочного освобождения, то исходя из здравого смысла он должен и продлеваться в силу того, что осужденный не исправился. Именно поэтому невыполнение осужденным рассматриваемой обязанности исправиться, то есть его не исправление, должно стать условием продления судом срока назначенного ему наказания, поскольку цель исправления еще не достигнута. The article actualizes the issue of the absence of the main duty of convicts in the Russian penal legislation to reform. The inclusion of this obligation in the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation is due to the humane attitude of the state towards the person who caused significant harm to a person, society and the state, civilized conditions for serving sentences, consistent with international standards, the enormous costs that the state spends on the maintenance of convicts and on the whole functioning penal system. The absence of the duty of the convicts to reform deprives the whole process of serving a sentence of any meaning, turning the correctional process into a legal fiction. The normative regulation of the duty of convicts to reform is important for the effective achievement of the goals of criminal punishment and penal legislation; it defines the fundamental basis for the development of penal policy. Only such a measure will help stimulate convicts to real correction and, as a result, reduce repeated and recidivism in the country. By virtue of this, we consider it necessary to include the obligation to improve in the list of duties of convicted persons provided for in 11 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, to regulate normatively the list of criteria for the correction of convicted persons, and to provide for the correction of the convicted person as a basis for his release, not only in the case of conditional release. The sentence should be a dynamic category. If it can be reduced if the convicted person is given parole, then on the basis of common sense, he should be extended because the convicted person has not recovered. That is why the failure of the convicted person to fulfill the duty to reform, i.e. its not correction, should become a condition for the extension of the term of punishment assigned to it by the court, since the purpose of correction has not yet been achieved.

Author(s):  
Олег Игоревич Денисенко ◽  
Оганнес Давитович Мкртчян

В связи с увеличением числа преступлений террористической направленности разрешения требуют вопросы, связанные с обеспечением объектов (территорий) УИС инструментами антитеррористической защищенности, к которым можно отнести такие, как проведение организационно-практических мероприятий антитеррористической защиты объектов УИС, наличие соответствующей документации и ответственного должностного лица, выполнение режимных требований на объектах УИС в соответствии с законодательством РФ, а также обеспечение контроля за количественными и качественными характеристиками эксплуатируемых инженерно-технических средств охраны и надзора. Актуальность проводимого исследования обусловлена необходимостью качественной реализации в правоприменительной практике совокупности требований обеспечения мероприятий по обеспечению антитеррористической защищенности объектов (территорий) УИС с целью защиты прав и интересов всех субъектов уголовно-исполнительной системы от террористического посягательства. Авторами выявляются проблемы правового и организационного уровня при оценке состояния антитеррористической защищенности объектов УИС: формализм при проведении обследований, недостаточный уровень оснащенности объектов УИС инженерно-техническими средствами охраны и надзора, а также финансирования для удовлетворения нужд объектов УИС в части обеспечения антитеррористической защищенности. Помимо прочего упоминаются такие проблемы, как отсутствие унифицированных принципов организации деятельности комплексных комиссионных обследований, разработанных с учетом современных правоприменительных норм и запросов практики, а также обосновывается необходимость повышения компетентности сотрудников ФСИН России при проведении комплексных комиссионных обследований. In connection with the increase in the number of terrorist crimes, the resolution requires issues related to the provision of facilities (territories) of the penal system with anti-terrorist security tools, which include such as the implementation of organizational and practical measures for the anti-terrorist protection of the penal system, the availability of appropriate documentation and a responsible official, the implementation of regime requirements at the facilities of the penal system in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring control over the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the operating engineering and technical means of protection and supervision. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in law enforcement practice, a high-quality implementation of the set of requirements for ensuring the anti-terrorist protection of objects (territories) of the penal system is required so that the rights and interests of all subjects of the penal system in terms of protection from terrorist encroachment are observed. The authors identify the problems of the legal and organizational level when assessing the state of anti-terrorist security of penal facilities: formalism in conducting surveys, insufficient equipment of penal facilities with engineering and technical means of protection and supervision, as well as the level of funding to meet the needs of penal facilities in terms of ensuring anti-terrorist protection. Among other things, such problems as the lack of unified principles for organizing the activities of complex commission surveys, developed taking into account modern law enforcement norms and practice requests, are mentioned, as well as the need to improve the competence of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia when conducting comprehensive commission surveys is substantiated.


Author(s):  
Ирина Николаевна Коробова

В настоящее время происходит процесс активного реформирования уголовно-исполнительной системы, кроме того, параллельно проводится работа по изменению уголовно-исполнительного законодательства. Количество осужденных, содержащихся в местах лишения свободы, неизменно снижается, причем прослеживается определенная тенденция, когда исправительные учреждения одного вида режима переполнены, другие заполнены не в полном объеме, в связи с чем их количество уменьшается, в частности, на всей территории Российской Федерации имеется только 22 колонии для несовершеннолетних. В уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве РФ содержится норма, предусматривающая отбывание наказания в исправительном учреждении, расположенном в пределах территории субъекта Российской Федерации, в котором осужденный проживал или был осужден. Однако в настоящее время соблюдение данного принципа достаточно проблематично, и выходом из сложившейся ситуации может быть создание комплексных (мультирежимных) исправительных учреждений. Данное положение не противоречит и положениям международных стандартов исполнения наказаний, подобные положения имеются и в Минимальных стандартных правилах в отношении обращения с заключенными 2015 г., и в Европейских пенитенциарных правилах. Все это обосновывает актуальность изучаемой темы. Currently, there is a process of active reform of the penal system, in addition, work is being carried out in parallel to change the penal legislation. The number of convicts held in places of deprivation of liberty is constantly decreasing, and there is a certain trend when correctional institutions of one type of regime are overcrowded, while others are not filled in full, which is why their number is decreasing, in particular, there are only 22 juvenile colonies throughout the Russian Federation. Among the principles of deprivation of liberty, the penal legislation of the Russian Federation singles out the principle of serving a sentence in a correctional institution located within the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation where the convicted person lived or was convicted. However, at present, compliance with this principle is quite problematic, so the solution to this situation may be the creation of complex (multi-mode) correctional institutions. This provision does not contradict the provisions of international standards for the execution of sentences, such provisions are found in the standard Minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners of 2015, and in the European prison rules. All this justifies the relevance of the topic under study.


2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Sergey Bespalov ◽  
Alexander Vorotnikov

The development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation and its industrial exploration, requires solving many complex problems, including the creation of new highly efficient technologies for resource extraction and processing, better organization of production activities, transport, logistics, ensuring international standards of environmental safety, conservation and support of indigenous peoples, and many more. The current stage of the Arctic development and exploration requires highly effective organizational systems, the activities of which are determined by the interaction of the state and business structures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
SERGEY I. GIRKO ◽  

Abstract. Based on the analysis of the situation with the state of the procedural powers of the penal system of the Russian Federation and its certain constituent entities, including correctional institutions, the author comes to the conclusion that along with the problems of legal inadequacy of procedural powers assigned to the system, solving of organizational issues is no less urgent. Without the decision of these issues the penitentiary system experiences a shortage of specialists in inquiry in penitentiary bodies and institutions, however, they are not trained in educational institutions of the FPS of Russia. The author's vision of the solution to this problem is proposed. Key words: procedural powers of the penal system, correctional institutions, training of specialists for inquiry in educational institutions of the penal system, specialization in the implementation of criminal procedural activities, initial training of specialists, retraining and advanced training in inquiry.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epikhin Alexander Yuryevich ◽  
Zaitsev Oleg Aleksandrovich ◽  
Tasakov Sergei Vladimirovich ◽  
Nechaeva Elena Vladimirovna ◽  
Mishin Andrey Viktorovich ◽  
...  

The process of carrying out (serving) a criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment according to the Russian criminal and penal law provides for isolation of the convicted person, limitations of rights and certain freedoms, as well as using corrective measures to change the criminal orientation of that person towards positive law-abiding behavior. According to penal law, the corrective process is being implemented by carrying out the main measures of corrective action, which the law lists as: regulated conditions, socially useful labor, educational work, general and professional education, and social influence. Currently the penal system sees a general trend of reducing the total number of imprisoned persons. According to the statistics by the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 880 thousand people were serving a prison sentence in 2010, 550 thousand people in 2016, as of 1 June 2018 that number was 520.5 thousand people, and as of 1 May 2019 it was 552,188 persons. In the recent years, the number of prisoners tends to stay on the same level. These numbers testify to the continued humanization of the criminal and penal policy of the Russian Federation, as well as to the results of applying corrective actions to those sentenced to imprisonment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Aleksei Rodionov

The article presents a review of a monograph on the problems of penal law “Suspended sentence (release) with mandatory involvement in labor”. The monograph was published in “UNITY-DANA: Law and Right” in 2018 ISBN 978-5-238-03062-3. The author is Yuriy Anatol’evich Kashuba, DSc (Law), Professor, professor of penal law department at the Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia. The monograph is recommended for publication by the Research Institute of Education and Science, as well as the International Educational and Methodological center “Professional textbook”. The monograph is devoted to Institutes of probation with mandatory involvement in labor and conditional release from places of liberty deprivation with mandatory involvement of the convict in labor. These institutions were founded since the decrees adoption of the Supreme Soviet Presidium of the USSR “About parole from places of imprisonment for convicts, who have embarked on a way of correction, for work on constructions of national economy enterprises” (adopted on 20.03.1964), “About probation with mandatory involvement of convicted persons in labor” (adopted on 12.06.1970). After liquidation of the USSR, they were canceled in 1993. Later, the legislator introduced new types of punishment – restriction of freedom, and later – forced labor that borrowed many elements from probation with mandatory involvement in labor (Article 24.2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR) and parole with mandatory involvement of convicted persons in labor (Article 53.2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). The monograph can be used in improving the norms of criminal, criminal procedural and penal legislation, in the activities of the Penal system, in the process of teaching criminal and penal law and other related disciplines.


Author(s):  
Angelina V. Lapaeva

We present the search for an optimal model of the Russian state through the prism of idealism. We doctrinally justify that the ideal form of the state is a construction that can be created theoretically and that can be approached, as it is gradually developed. In the modern sense, the ideal of state is already expressed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation – it is a democratic, legal, social state. We establish that the political and legal reform carried out in Russia has shown that the effectiveness of the country’s development depends on the importance of constitutional norms, the renewed role of the state, and the assertion and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. We propose arguments indicating that modern Russia can be con-sidered a mixed (parliamentary-presidential) republic, an asymmetric and constitutional federation with a national-territorial character and democratic political regime. We investigate two main approaches to the definition of the ideal form of the state in modern Russia: firstly, a limited monarchy, a fed-eration with democracy elements (based on the historical and cultural fea-tures of the development of the state), and secondly, the existing and pro-claimed form of the state in the Constitution of the Russian Federation is considered, with an amendment to the challenges of the time. We conclude that the modern development of Russia, taking into account international standards, should move in the direction of the ideals already proclaimed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation with a mandatory focus on cul-tural, traditional and historical features of development.


Author(s):  
Gatsolaeva Aleftina Hadzibekirovna ◽  
◽  
Gabaraev Alan Shotaevich ◽  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.


Author(s):  
Sergey Valerevich Belov ◽  
Irina Mikhalovna Kosmacheva ◽  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Sibikina

To solve the problem of information security management the method was proposed that allows determining the degree of importance of confidential documents of the organization. The urgency of the proposed algorithm was substantiated taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the sphere of information security. The stages prior to the formation of the list of confidential documents of the organization were described. A review of the main documents of the legal and regulatory framework was carried out including documents relating to the state regulation of relations in the sphere of information security. The classes of protected information for the accessing categories were considered. The criteria changes of the value of information in the process of time were represented. The algorithm of formation of the list of confidential documents of the organization based on the properties of information was offered. The algorithm is based on an expert method of pair comparison of alternatives. The result of the use of this method is a number of confidential documents, ranked in descending order of importance. For each document the weighting factor of importance can be calculated. The verification stage of the degree of expert consistency was included in the methodology to eliminate the use of erroneous expert data. The application of the methodology is illustrated by a calculated example.


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