scholarly journals Rapid Urbanization and Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: The Case of Dammam Metropolitan Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antar A. Aboukorin ◽  
Feaz Saad Al-shihri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Sustainability Policy

<p>Rapid urbanization is a characterizing feature of urban change in Saudi Arabia, especially in its large metropolitan areas such as Riyadh, Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA), Jeddah and Makkah. Such rapid urbanization has created many urban problems that contradict with the principles of sustainability.</p>The paper argues that "Urban Sustainability" is a necessary policy in the case of DMA, and tries to define the needed approaches and actions to implement such policy in the region. In doing so, the paper starts by highlighting the rapid rate of urbanization in the Saudi Arabia in general; and in DMA in particular. Then, the paper presents an analysis of the unsustainable urbanization practices and problems in DMA. The paper then presents a literature review about sustainable urbanization approaches and requirements, focusing on developing countries. Finally, the paper recommends the necessary approaches and actions to achieve the proposed "Urban Sustainability" policy in DMA.

Technology and the Urban Future in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 253-281
Author(s):  
Antar A. AbouKorin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Urbanization ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
Urban Problems

During the last century, population growth and rapid urbanization have been phenomenal in the developing world. Such rapid urbanization has created many urban problems on both local and regional levels. Technology has been a driving force for rapid urbanization in developed and developing countries. The main argument of this Chapter is that technology can be the answer to most of the urban problems associated with rapid urbanization in developing countries. In tackling this issue, a qualitative analysis of the literature review about technology and urban change, and a quantitative analysis of urban change patterns and challenges in Africa, as a group sample of the developing world, have been conducted. Then, the research recommends “Urban Decentralization” as a technology-enabled policy necessary for managing the urban future in developing countries. The research recommends “rural urbanization” and “small-size settlements' as necessary approaches for the efficient implementation of the proposed “Urban Decentralization” policy.

scholarly journals Facilitating Urban Sustainability through Transdisciplinary (TD) Research: Lessons from Ghana, South Africa and Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6205
Author(s):  
Gladman Thondhlana ◽  
Chipo Mubaya ◽  
Alice McClure ◽  
Akosua Amaka-Otchere ◽  
Sheunesu Ruwanza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Climate Hazards

The notion of sustainability has been integrated into many aspects of development to emphasise human needs now and in the future. Sustainable urbanization objectives are pertinent in the context of rapidly expanding African cities, in which urban inhabitants experience challenges associated with poor sanitation, climate hazards, and energy and food insecurity. There are increasing calls for embracing transdisciplinary (TD) research for mapping pathways towards sustainability in these ever-growing cities, particularly by integrating academic, practitioner, and societal knowledge to design effective and contextually relevant responses to existing and emerging challenges. Though transdisciplinary processes are growing in developing countries, dispersed literature on and a growing number of projects applying TD research in different contexts make it difficult to learn from and develop useful frameworks for implementation. To make lessons more accessible to a growing audience, this paper provides a reflective account of two urban sustainability TD projects that were designed and implemented in Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The contexts within which these TD research projects took place are described, as are ways in which relevant stakeholders were involved in and benefitted from the codesign and realisation of the respective projects. Based on experiences, the paper reflects on the challenges of and opportunities for TD research in Africa for urban sustainability, which provides insights for enhancing this practice in Africa. The paper ends with considerations for TD practice and theory.

scholarly journals Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4423
Author(s):  
Sk Mithun ◽  
Mehebub Sahana ◽  
Subrata Chattopadhyay ◽  
Brian Alan Johnson ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Khedher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization

The mass accumulation of population in the larger cities of India has led to accelerated and unprecedented peripheral urban expansion over the last few decades. This rapid peripheral growth is characterized by an uncontrolled, low density, fragmented and haphazard patchwork of development popularly known as urban sprawl. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) has been one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in India and is experiencing rampant suburbanization and peripheral expansion. Hence, understanding urban growth and its dynamics in these rapidly changing environments is critical for city planners and resource managers. Furthermore, understanding urban expansion and urban growth patterns are essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable urbanization as defined by the United Nations in the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., SDGs, 11.3). The present research attempts to quantify and model the urban growth dynamics of large and diverse metropolitan areas with a distinct methodology considering the case of KMA. In the study, land use and land cover (LULC) maps of KMA were prepared for three different years (i.e., for 1996, 2006, and 2016) through the classification of Landsat imagery using a support vector machine (SVM) classification approach. Then, change detection analysis, landscape metrics, a concentric zone approach, and Shannon’s entropy approach were applied for spatiotemporal assessment and quantification of urban growth in KMA. The achieved classification accuracies were found to be 89.75%, 92.00%, and 92.75%, with corresponding Kappa values of 0.879, 0.904, and 0.912 for 1996, 2006, and 2016, respectively. It is concluded that KMA has been experiencing typical urban sprawl. The peri-urban areas (i.e., KMA-rural) are growing rapidly, and are characterized by leapfrogging and fragmented built-up area development, compared to the central KMA (i.e., KMA-urban), which has become more compact in recent years.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Urbanization, Non-Agricultural Output and Air Pollution in the World’s Top 20 Polluting Countries

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Tonmoy Chatterjee ◽  
Enrico Ivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
Short Run

Rapid urbanization is being increasingly recognized as a significant factor of environmental pollution across the world. However, the significance of sustainable urbanization in controlling both pollution and population remains either limited in scope, in the case of developed countries, or less researched, in the case of developing nations. To fill this gap, the present study employed both theoretical and empirical tools to investigate the significant link between sustainable urbanization, pollution and non-agricultural output. In order to empirically examine the supposed link among the key variables mentioned above, the present study considered a panel of the world’s top 20 polluting countries for the 1991–2018 period, which significantly includes both developed and developing nations. Panel vector error correction model and panel co-integration techniques were employed to derive the possible correlation between the variables through sustainable urbanization. Empirical findings show an absence of equilibrium relations among the three variables in the panel of developed countries. However, the study clearly finds that all the three indicators maintain long-run associations for the panel of developing countries. Furthermore, in the short run, the results determine unambiguously that there are significant causal interplays between any two sets of variables and the remaining one variable for both the panel data of developed and developing countries. On the other hand, short-run interplays among the variables we considered exist for both developed and developing economies. From the perspective of policy formulation, the present study shows that policy makers from both the developed and developing nations should be cautious before encouraging urbanization, at least in the short term. However, the combined effects in the short and long term suggest policy makers should be more careful before encouraging urbanization in developing economies.

Technology and the Urban Future in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1617-1646
Author(s):  
Antar A. AbouKorin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Urbanization ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
Urban Problems

During the last century, population growth and rapid urbanization have been phenomenal in the developing world. Such rapid urbanization has created many urban problems on both local and regional levels. Technology has been a driving force for rapid urbanization in developed and developing countries. The main argument of this Chapter is that technology can be the answer to most of the urban problems associated with rapid urbanization in developing countries. In tackling this issue, a qualitative analysis of the literature review about technology and urban change, and a quantitative analysis of urban change patterns and challenges in Africa, as a group sample of the developing world, have been conducted. Then, the research recommends “Urban Decentralization” as a technology-enabled policy necessary for managing the urban future in developing countries. The research recommends “rural urbanization” and “small-size settlements' as necessary approaches for the efficient implementation of the proposed “Urban Decentralization” policy.

scholarly journals Attitudes of pharmacy students towards patient safety: a cross-sectional study from six developing countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039459
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y Naser ◽  
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽  
Ahmed Awaisu ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Oriana Awwad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo evaluate the attitudes of undergraduate pharmacy students towards patient safety in six developing countries.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were enrolled from the participating universities in six countries.ParticipantsUndergraduate pharmacy students from the participating universities in six developing countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, India and Indonesia) were invited to participate in the study between October 2018 and September 2019.Primary outcomeAttitudes towards patient safety was measured using 14-item questionnaire that contained five subscales: being quality-improvement focused, internalising errors regardless of harm, value of contextual learning, acceptability of questioning more senior healthcare professionals’ behaviour and attitude towards open disclosure. Multiple-linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of positive attitudes towards patient safety.ResultsA total of 2595 students participated in this study (1044 from Jordan, 514 from Saudi Arabia, 134 from Kuwait, 61 from Qatar, 416 from India and 429 from Indonesia). Overall, the pharmacy students reported a positive attitude towards patient safety with a mean score of 37.4 (SD=7.0) out of 56 (66.8%). The ‘being quality-improvement focused’ subscale had the highest score, 75.6%. The subscale with the lowest score was ‘internalising errors regardless of harm’, 49.2%. Female students had significantly better attitudes towards patient safety scores compared with male students (p=0.001). Being at a higher level of study and involvement in or witnessing harm to patients while practising were important predictors of negative attitudes towards patient safety (p<0.001).ConclusionPatient safety content should be covered comprehensively in pharmacy curricula and reinforced in each year of study. This should be more focused on students in their final year of study and who have started their training. This will ensure that the next generation of pharmacists are equipped with the requisite knowledge, core competencies and attitudes to ensure optimal patient safety when they practice.

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