scholarly journals Modification of Exhaust Using Low Precious Metals for Two Wheelers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
S. K. Vignesh ◽  
M. Arjunan ◽  
G. Deepan ◽  
T. Diwakar ◽  
P. Elumalai
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Toxic Gases

Toxic gases include NOX, CO, HC and Smoke which are harmful to the atmosphere as well as to the human beings. The main aim of this work is to fabricate system, where the level of intensity of toxic gases is controlled through chemical reaction to more agreeable level. This system acts itself as an exhaust system; hence there is no needs to fit separate the silencer. The whole assembly is fitted in the exhaust pipe from engine. In this work, catalytic converter with copper oxide as a catalyst, by replacing noble catalysts such as platinum, palladium and rhodium is fabricated and fitted in the engine exhaust. With and without catalytic converter, the experimentations are carried out at different loads such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of maximum rated load. From the experimental results it is found that the maximum reduction is 32%,61% and 21% for HC, Nox and CO respectively at 100% of maximum rated load when compared to that of without catalytic converter. This catalytic converter system is cash effective and more economical than the existing catalytic converter.

Emission Control in Multi-Cylinder Spark Ignition Engines using Metal-Oxide Coated Catalytic Converter

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Parthiban ◽  
K. Pazhanivel ◽  
S. Jenoris Muthiya
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Engine Exhaust

Internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during the combustion process. The NOX, HC, CO2 and CO emissions exhausted into the surroundings pollute the atmosphere that leads harming the human beings. The major causes of the emissions of pollutants are non-stoichiometric combustion, oxidation and reduction of nitrogen and impurities in the fuel and air. Thermal or catalytic converters and particulate traps are used for the post-treatment of exhaust gases [5]. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to control the engine exhaust emissions by using metal-oxide coated filters. The coating is performed by using vacuum coating unit over the surface of the mesh. The results obtained from the experiments using the filter coated with copper oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide and their combinations were analyzed. The emission control achieved by adopting this technique was found to be effective.

The Design and Analysis of Closed-Coupled Exhaust Manifold

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1241-1245
Author(s):  
Rang Shu Xu ◽  
Xiang Feng Yan ◽  
Ling Niu ◽  
Zhi Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Business Software ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
Volume Method

The layout of closed-couple catalyst converter in internal combustion engine exhaust system is one of important way to reduce vehicle emission. CFD method based on finite volume method is adopted to numerical simulate flow distribution in the entrance of closed-coupled catalytic converter and applying business software of FLUENT to clarity the flow uniformity of inlet to ensure catalytic converter work efficiently and meet regulations. The flow field uniformity of entrance were studied and analyzed. Research finds that the shape of manifold has effect on dispersion of velocity in entrance and dispersion of velocity has a relatively strong correlation with pulsation flow. The flow reverse in junction deflect the air flow that flow into the entrance of closed-couple catalyst converter. Calculation results indicate that the uneven rate coefficient is 0.266 and volatility is 0.515 in the entrance of closed-couple catalyst.

Paper 10: A Computer Program for Calculating the Performance of an Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust System

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Engine Exhaust

The paper describes the method of presenting data for a computet program, based on the method of characteristics, which calculates the pressure and temperature in the exhaust system and cylinders in two- or four-stroke engines with valves or ports. The program is arranged so that the performance of an exhaust pipe can be assessed for a number of pipe configurations. A brief description of the theoretical background and program format is given, followed by a suggested design calculation procedure. Examples are then given of the application of the program to both two- and four-stroke supercharged engines. The results of the calculation are compared with experimental measurements. A description of the subroutines and the organization of a calculation on the computer, together with the data order are given in two of the appendices.

A Comprehensive Model to Predict Three-Way Catalytic Converter Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shamim ◽  
H. Shen ◽  
S. Sengupta ◽  
S. Son ◽  
A. A. Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Heat Conservation ◽  
Emission System ◽  
Converter Design

This paper describes the development of a comprehensive mathematical and numerical model for simulating the performance of automotive three-way catalytic converters, which are employed to reduce engine exhaust emissions. The model simulates the emission system behavior by using an exhaust system heat conservation and catalyst chemical kinetic submodel. The resulting governing equations are solved numerically. Good agreements were found between the numerical predictions and experimental measurements under both steady-state and transient conditions. The developed model will be used to facilitate the converter design improvement efforts, which are necessary in order to meet the increasingly stricter emission requirements.

Exhaust Systems: CO2 Emission Reduction Using Zeolite Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohandas Menon ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Air pollution is a leading public health concern that needs to be tackled. About 30% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO, HC and NOx are due to automobiles. By 2030, the US Department of Transportation aims to reduce light duty vehicle emissions by 18%. This can be achieved by public policy approaches such as implementing emission control norms and performance improvements such as exhaust system design. In this work, the implementation of a pure Zeolite catalyst to reduce the exhaust CO2 emission of a SI engine is studied theoretically and experimentally. The complete exhaust system including the catalytic converter, muffler, and pipes is modeled in a 3D CAD modeling software, using the engine specifications. Current expensive precious metals in the catalytic converter are replaced with a binding agent along with Zeolite catalyst. The exhaust system is fabricated and the experimental tests are performed at the maximum engine RPM to obtain threshold emission reduction values. The results showed obtaining an emission reduction of CO2 at a lower cost. Furthermore, it is found that employing Zeolite sieves can further reduce the pollutant emission at a similar cost.

Flow Filed Simulation Analysis and Structural Optimization of Automotive Catalytic Converter

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 899-903
Author(s):  
Tian Zhong Sui ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Flow Uniformity ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Set Up

Catalytic converter is an important device of automobile engine exhaust system. Based on Hydromechanics, the relational mathematical models of catalytic converter simulation are established and the parameters are calculated. Making use of CFD numerical simulation method, a simulation is set up for the internal flow field of catalytic converter original model using fluent software. From the simulation, the internal flow characteristic is understood. On the basis of this, through the optimization idea adding a guiding device in inlet cone of catalytic converter, the uniformity of velocity of flow is improved. The simulation analysis show that the flow uniformity for internal flow field can be improved observably in the structural optimization, the increasing degree of pressure loss is with little range. A new idea and reference may be offered for improving flow uniformity of a catalytic converter.

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