The Impact of Felling Method, Bunch Size, Slope Degree and Skidding Area on Productivity and Costs of Skidding in a Eucalyptus Plantation

Grapple skidder is a machine designed for the extraction of tree bunches after felling. Several factors influence its technical performance and costs such as terrain slope, operator experience time, machine type, and the size of tree bunches for each operating cycle, among others. Thus, it becomes necessary to weigh the variables that most influence the productivity and costs of the grapple skidder. So, the main objective was evaluated according to the influence of bunch size using two feller bunchers with distinct technical characteristics, two slope classes and two skidding areas on the productivity and machine production cost in a Eucalyptus plantation. For the analysis of the productivity, the study of time and method was applied and the scheduled machine cost per hour was based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations methods. When analyzing the results, it was found that the operational elements moving without load (MWoL) and moving with load (MWL) were the ones that spend the most time in the operational cycle of the grapple skidder. Among the cost components, monetary expenditure on fuel and operator labor were the most influential in the scheduled machine cost per hour. In conclusion, the tree bunches and slope class influenced the productivity and, consequently, the cost of the skidding operation.

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Effect of Feller-Buncher Model, Slope Class and Cutting Area on the Productivity and Costs of Whole Tree Harvesting in Brazilian Eucalyptus Stands

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12081092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1092

Author(s):

Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima ◽

Paulo Torres Fenner ◽

Gislaine Cristina Batistela ◽

Danilo Simões

Keyword(s):

Food And Agriculture ◽

Eucalyptus Forest ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Individual Volume ◽

Machine Cost ◽

The Individual ◽

The Cost ◽

Whole Tree Harvesting ◽

Model Slope ◽

Slope Class

The operational productivity and costs of tree felling operations can be influenced by several factors, among which, the machine characteristics, slope class, the cutting area and the individual volume of the trees stand out. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the productivity and production cost for two feller-bunchers with different technical characteristics operating in a eucalyptus forest. The productivity was calculated from a time study and the factors analyzed were two feller-buncher models, two slope classes, and two cutting areas. The machine cost per scheduled hour was based on the methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Analysis of the results showed that the felling and turn operational elements occupied the most time in the operational cycle of feller-bunchers. The machine cost per scheduled hour was USD 69.69 h−1 for feller-buncher 1 and USD 102.03 h−1 for feller-buncher 2. In conclusion, the distinct technical characteristics of feller-bunchers were found to influence the productivity and, consequently, the cost, of the felling operation during the harvesting of whole eucalyptus trees.

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Impact of Ex-Closure in above and below Ground Carbon Stock Biomass

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12020130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Gedion Tsegay ◽

Xiang-Zhou Meng

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Scientific Journal ◽

Resource Assessment ◽

Forest Loss ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Below Ground ◽

The Impact

Globally, there is a serious issue in carbon stock due to high deforestation and the loss of land, limited carbon storage pools in aboveground and underground forests in different regions, and increased carbon emissions to the atmosphere. This review paper highlights the impact of exclosures on above and below ground carbon stocks in biomass as a solution to globally curb carbon emissions. The data has been analyzed dependent on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Resource Assessment report (FRA, 2020), and scientific journal publications mostly from the last decade, to show the research results of carbon stock and the impact of exclosures, particularly the challenges of deforestation and erosion of land and opportunities of area exclosures to provide a general outlook for policymakers. Overall, the world’s forest regions are declining, and although the forest loss rate has slowed, it has still not stopped sufficiently because the knowledge and practice of exclosures are limited. The global forest loss and carbon stock have decreased from 7.8 million ha/yr to 4.7 million ha/yr and from 668 gigatons to 662 gigatons respectively due to multiple factors that differ across the regions. However, a move toward natural rehabilitation and exclosures to reduce the emissions of Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) is needed. In the global production of carbon, the exclosure of forests plays an important role, in particular for permanent sinks of carbon.

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Profiles of Food Insecurity: Similarities and Differences across Selected CEE Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14165070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 5070

Author(s):

Hanna Dudek ◽

Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak ◽

Agnieszka Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Household Composition ◽

Eastern European ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Development Goals ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

The Impact

Food security (FS) is influenced by primarily financial but also sociodemographic factors. Identification of correlates of food insecurity (FI) is a crucial issue in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. The aims of the study were: (1) to recognize FI in the selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, (2) to examine common socioeconomic and demographic characteristics for FI. The analysis used the set of eight-item FI indicators adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization, applying the Gallup World Poll survey data from 2017 to 2019. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine FI at mild and moderate or severe levels compared with FS. Differences in the profiles of FI were observed in analyzed countries: Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia. Lithuanians experienced the lowest FS, and Slovaks the highest. The FI status was associated with education, gender, age, household composition and income. It was found that the impact of these factors was not the same in the examined countries. Differences in profiles of FI in CEE countries indicate the need to analyze the problem individually for each country. Identifying groups particularly vulnerable to FI may allow appropriate targeting of instruments counteracting FI and adapt them to people with different characteristics.

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Tree Cover Estimation in Global Drylands from Space Using Deep Learning

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12030343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emilio Guirado ◽

Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ◽

Javier Cabello ◽

Sergio Puertas-Ruíz ◽

Francisco Herrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Cover ◽

Global Scale ◽

Classification Model ◽

Tree Cover ◽

System Modelling ◽

Earth System ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

The Cost

Accurate tree cover mapping is of paramount importance in many fields, from biodiversity conservation to carbon stock estimation, ecohydrology, erosion control, or Earth system modelling. Despite this importance, there is still uncertainty about global forest cover, particularly in drylands. Recently, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) conducted a costly global assessment of dryland forest cover through the visual interpretation of orthoimages using the Collect Earth software, involving hundreds of operators from around the world. Our study proposes a new automatic method for estimating tree cover using artificial intelligence and free orthoimages. Our results show that our tree cover classification model, based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), is 23% more accurate than the manual visual interpretation used by FAO, reaching up to 79% overall accuracy. The smallest differences between the two methods occurred in the driest regions, but disagreement increased with the percentage of tree cover. The application of CNNs could be used to improve and reduce the cost of tree cover maps from the local to the global scale, with broad implications for research and management.

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Nutritional analysis and evaluation of the consumer acceptance of pork pâté enriched with cricket powder - preliminary study

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2019-0015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 159-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Krzysztof Smarzyński ◽

Paulina Sarbak ◽

Szymon Musiał ◽

Paweł Jeżowski ◽

Michał Piątek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Consumer Acceptance ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

High Quality Protein ◽

Nutritional Analysis ◽

Insects As Food ◽

The One ◽

Consumer Assessment ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe growing interest in insects as food ingredients on the one hand is controversial, on the other is in line with the recommendations of international organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Crickets, as well as cricket powder (CP), are a source of high quality protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. This paper analyzes the impact of CP additive (2%, 6% and 10%) on the nutritional value and consumer acceptance of enriched pâtés. It was shown that the CP additive significantly increases the content of protein, fat and minerals. It also changes the color of the product, which is darker (lower L* value), and the color balance is shifted towards the blue. Consumer assessment showed that the 2% CP additive allows to obtain a product of high attractiveness for consumers.

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International Whaling Commission

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300024498 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 701-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

International Association ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

The United States ◽

International Whaling Commission ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

The Cost

The eighth annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission took place in London July 16–20, 1956, under the chairmanship of Dr. G. J. Lienesch (Netherlands). All seventeen contracting governments, with the exception of Brazil, were represented, with observers from Italy, Portugal, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, and the International Association of Whaling Companies. During the deliberations the Commission 1) received from the Bureau of International Whaling Statistics data on the operations and the catch for the past season; 2) received various scientific papers concerning the stocks of whales, and almost unanimously favoring a substantial reduction in the catch in view of evidence that the stock was declining, recommended that the catch for future seasons should not exceed 15,000 blue whale units, and, with one dissentient, recommended that the limit should be reduced in the 1956–1957 season to 14,500 blue whales; 3) after examining the returns rendered in respect of infractions of the whaling regulations, noted that, in general, there had been a decrease over the previous year; 4) received further confirmation from the Commissioner of the Soviet Union of the use of fenders of porous rubber to replace the present use of whale carcases for this purpose; 5) allocated an equivalent of $1400 towards the cost of whale marking; and 6) requested the United States to prepare a protocol for the amendment of the convention requiring every factory ship to have on board two inspectors who were generally of the same nationality as the flag of the ship, to permit consideration of a scheme to appoint independent observers in addition to the national inspectors.

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Product Life Cycle: VAVE Impact in Manufacturing Cost Reduction

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.910 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 575 ◽

pp. 910-916

Author(s):

Samir Mekid

Keyword(s):

Product Life Cycle ◽

Value Engineering ◽

Manufacturing Cost ◽

Specific Product ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Technical Performance ◽

Value Estimation ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Manufacturing Time

This paper reports on the impact of Value Analysis Value Engineering (VAVE) applied to an industrial product where manufacturability and choice of manufacturing methods can be of great benefit in reducing cost and sometimes manufacturing time in a mass production line. The purpose of this requested task is to reduce the cost of a specific product using VAVE analysis through better value estimation related to suitable manufacturing process while maintaining similar or better technical performance. A couple of technical design solutions are proposed and discussed with study cases. The work is progressing towards the final stage.

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The provision of fishery information by ICES–WGFTFB to assessment working groups: use of information and lessons learned

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsr099 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 1809-1814

Author(s):

Dominic Rihan ◽

Norman Graham ◽

Dave G. Reid ◽

Colm Lordan

Keyword(s):

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Ecosystem Impacts ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Regulatory Frameworks ◽

Working Groups ◽

Impact Of Technology ◽

Fleet Dynamics ◽

The Impact

Abstract Rihan, D., Graham, N., Reid, D. G., and Lordan, C. 2011. The provision of fishery information by ICES–WGFTFB to assessment working groups: use of information and lessons learned. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1809–1814. ICES is now asked to provide advice that is more holistic in nature, including information on the influence and effects of human activities on the marine ecosystem. From a fishing-technology perspective, this includes information on how fishers respond and adapt to changes in regulatory frameworks, the impact of technology creep, ecosystem impacts, and changes in fleet dynamics. Recognizing the importance of this, in 2005, the ICES–Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Working Group on Fish Technology and Fish Behaviour (WGFTFB) began to collect data and information to support scientific advice on fisheries and ecosystem issues through a questionnaire circulated to its members. The information from the questionnaires was collated by the WGFTFB and submitted in the form of summary documents to various ICES assessment working groups. This paper describes the background to this initiative, the questionnaire structure, the type of information provided, and its utility.

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FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UZBEKISTAN

Kokand University Herald ◽

10.54613/001012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

I.I Khamidov

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Supply ◽

Economic Recession ◽

World Health ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Since January 2020, the world faced one of the largest outbreaks of human history that coronavirus (Covid-19) began spreading among countries across the globe. Plenty of research institutes developed insights and estimations regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on agriculture and food security system. The UN estimations indicate that more than 132 million people around the world may have hunger due to the economic recession as a result of the pandemic. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is pushing forward the strategies in order for increasing food supply in developing countries and providing assistance to food producers and suppliers. World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that the pandemic may not finish by the end of 2020 and countries should be prepared for longer effects within 2021. In this regard, ensuring food security as well as sufficient food supply would be one of the crucial aspects of policy functions in developing countries.

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Floods Risk Mapping and Assessing Vulnerability of Morang, Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-150717/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pawan Thapa ◽

Narayan Thapa

Keyword(s):

Drainage Density ◽

Google Earth ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Two Factors ◽

Flooding Risk ◽

Elevation Model ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of flooding rises due to unplanned settlements, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. This study tries to address these issues by mapping flood risk places and assessing their impact on population and household.Methods: This study used the dataset available in Google Earth Engine (GEE), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Central Bureau Statistics (CBS), Earth Data for preparing slope, drainage density, digital elevation model, rainfall, land use map, and soil map. These maps create using GEE and QGIS through overlay analysis that has two factors. The one is influence and other slopes, and it has provided high and low value according to its role on flooding.Results: The risk assessment shows around twenty-four percent population is at higher risk, whereas more than three thousand settlements are prone to flooding. It depicts a significant increasing trend of floods in the Morang district.Conclusion: This settlement risk map can help determine the flood safe and very high-risk areas in the Morang district. It will support residential places' planning by the local government, urban planners, and community people to reduce flooding risk.

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