ANALYSIS ON THE FOREIGN TRADE OF GRAIN IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES: TAKING EXPORT TO CHINA AS AN EXAMPLE

Agricultural cooperation is the common demand of Central Asian countries, and all countries have needs in food trade. This article analyzes the complementarity between China and Central Asian countries in grain production and demonstrates the possibility of further promoting grain trade. In order to improve the scale and quality of agricultural cooperation, it is advisable to incorporate food trade into the international food security cooperation system. Attempts to combine trade with poverty reduction, capacity building, agricultural investment, and the construction of a common food market, put forward an effective path for China and Central Asian countries to develop agricultural cooperation, and put forward relevant policy recommendations.

RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR ASOSIDA JAHON IQTISODIYOTI RIVOJLANISHINING ZAMONAVIY TENDENSIYALARI

Maqolada mamlakatimizda intellektual axborot tizimlarini rivojlantirishdagi ustuvor yo‘nalishlar tadqiq etilib, raqamli iqtisodiyot, uning elementlari, sun’iy intellekt, blokcheyn texnologiyalari kabi tushunchalar va ularning mohiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, kelgusida ushbu texnologiyalardan samarali foydalanish natijasida iqtisodiy samaradorlikka erishish yo‘llari tadqiq etilgan.

THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURE

The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening the investment process in agriculture in the context of economic reforms and production development. It is necessary to improve effective economic mechanisms for agricultural restructuring, based on the fact that investments are an important economic factor in forecasting agricultural structures. Scientific findings and scientific advice are developed based on research and analysis.

TREND ANALYSIS AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL STUDY OF COTTON CULTIVATION IN UZBEKISTAN

Significance of the cotton growing in a country like Uzbekistan forms the base in agriculture where the majority of economic active population is employed, and considerable part of GDP is produced. One can distinguish several aspects of cotton significance for the country. From political point of view, effective functioning of cotton complex provides the country with important international reputation and prestige. In social aspect, sustaining dominant position of cotton complex m economic structure provides employment and income generation to majority of rural population. The economic aspect explains essential contribution of cotton chain to national economy development and its sustainability, states’ role of the industry m earning foreign exchange reserves and supporting competitiveness of aggregate production.

FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UZBEKISTAN

Since January 2020, the world faced one of the largest outbreaks of human history that coronavirus (Covid-19) began spreading among countries across the globe. Plenty of research institutes developed insights and estimations regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on agriculture and food security system. The UN estimations indicate that more than 132 million people around the world may have hunger due to the economic recession as a result of the pandemic. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is pushing forward the strategies in order for increasing food supply in developing countries and providing assistance to food producers and suppliers. World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that the pandemic may not finish by the end of 2020 and countries should be prepared for longer effects within 2021. In this regard, ensuring food security as well as sufficient food supply would be one of the crucial aspects of policy functions in developing countries.

TENDENCIES OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN AND DIRECTIONS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FARMERS’ ACTIVITIES

The article analyzes the trends in the macro and micro economic development of agriculture in the country and its individual regions. The factors of growth and efficiency of production of food crops and raw materials in farms of a separate region and district in conditions of limited land-water and labor resources have been revealed. Proposals have been developed to improve the structure of production in farms, to develop strategic sectors of agriculture aimed at increasing the export of food products. Recommendations are given on the development of information systems of digital services for servicing farms in districts and regions.

THE IMPACT OF LOCAL GASTRONOMY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM

Local food products of each region play an important role in the development of ecotourism. The availability of facilities for the consumption of local food in places where ecotourism is located is not only to meet the basic needs of tourists, but also to improve the economic situation of the local population. Therefore, this article discusses the food-related characteristics of tourists and the benefits of local gastronomy for both the local community and ecotourism tourists around the world.

THE PROBLEM OF WATER AND LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN UZBEKISTAN

This article examines the current state of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. Since the agricultural sector in Uzbekistan occupies a significant share of the national and gross domestic product value, the quality of these resources is especially important for our republic. The main problem in obtaining the high- quality agricultural products in the region is the lack of water, salinization and soil erosion, as well as their secondary salinization, which is amplified due to climate change in this region. Studies show that this affects the productivity of an agricultural products. Taking this into account we understand the necessity of reduction of the harvesting of cotton and rice for less moisture consumed fruit and vegetable products. To achieve this expected results in the management of water and land resources, it is necessary to use the international experience of other countries, applying innovative water-saving technologies in the system of irrigation of land resources incorporating the problem of climate change.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY IN AGRICULTURE

Resource efficiency in the agri-food sector is a global urgent issue considering the urbanization phenomena, the increased nutritional needs, and the emergence of diversified dietary norms. Despite the ongoing progress in digital technologies that could enable resource-efficient operations in the sector, their effectiveness even in developed countries remains debatable mainly due to the limited understanding that further impedes their adoption by farmers. Among others, ease of access, training, and engagement with digital technologies appears to be challenging for most stakeholders, especially during the production (farming) stage. Specifically, in developing countries, that often encounter major natural resources challenges, the diverse socio-cultural background of the farmers hinders the adoption of digital technologies to perform highly auto-mated and efficient agricultural operations for ensuring sustainability output. In this regard, we explore publicly available data sources (i.e., institutional reports, databases) to identify key challenges in adopting digital technologies for efficient resource use from a systems-level perspective. Thereafter, we map the determinant factors using the System Dynamics methodology in order to identify areas of interventions to limit natural resources’ appropriation and support agri-food sustainability.

QUANTITY, PRICE AND RISK RATIONING IN RURAL CREDIT MARKETS – AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF KYRGYZ RURAL CREDIT DEMAND AND UPTAKE

Low access to rural credit is hampering agricultural and rural development in developing and transition economies. Credit rationing or quantity rationing, defined as insufficient credit volumes at adequate interest rates and collateral requirements, is commonly been hold responsible. This paper is researching into the contribution of demand-side factors like internal price rationing and risk rationing, in addition to supply-side factors along the case example of Kyrgyztan. Towards this aim, we explore the determinants of credit application and take-up along the nationally representative Life in Kyrgyzstan (LIK) dataset of 3000 rural households in Kyrgyzstan. The results of hierarchical analysis indicate that are restrained by demand-side factor that reflect farmers’ perceived risk of credit default and loss of collateral. Supply-side factors, such as real credit constraints and collateral requests, meanwhile have a stronger influence on credit applications and take-up rates. These findings support recent works that highlight the role of risk rationing for agricultural investment, suggesting a stronger focus of development policy on improving risk- sharing mechanisms for farmers.