DETERMINATION RESULT OF LEAD IN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Javzandolgor Ts ◽  
Buyantogtokh Ch ◽  
Bolorchuluun S ◽  
Bilguun B ◽  
Ganbold Ya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Livestock Animal ◽  
High Lead ◽  
Made In

Due to negligent use and disposal of lead containing sources including acid and alkali batteries with lead conductor, vehicle accumulators in last years, environment has been polluted greatly and it becomes the cause of animal poisoning. Heavy metals are dangerous because of their persistence and toxicity. Soil behaves as a sink of heavy metals by aerial deposition of particles emitted by human activities. The aims of this work were to identify the levels of lead in accumulator processing plant and city areas and animals. A total of 60 blood samples were collected in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar and measured lead concentrations using equipment LeadCare II. Detection limit of LeadCare II for blood lead concentration ranges between 3.3 and 65 μg/dl. Measurements were made in three replicates using the samples, which were diluted by 10 to 100 fold and about 180 units of analysis was carried out. According to our study lead concentration in blood from livestock populations in the vicinity of Khonkhor lake, Nalaikh district is greater up to 52.9 ppm and the concentration in the soil around the factories is 30 fold higher. High lead content were found in soil and livestock animal blood samples of accumulator processing plant, which have correlated positively between them. But lead concentration in the blood sample from animals, which in areas might be free from lead pollution, was higher than acceptable level. In further studies on contamination resources are required.

scholarly journals Contaminated Turmeric Is a Potential Source of Lead Exposure for Children in Rural Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Gleason ◽  
James P. Shine ◽  
Nadia Shobnam ◽  
Lisa B. Rokoff ◽  
Hafiza Sultana Suchanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
High Lead ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background.During the conduct of a cohort study intended to study the associations between mixed metal exposures and child health outcomes, we found that 78% of 309 children aged 20–40 months evaluated in the Munshiganj District of Bangladesh had blood lead concentrations ≥5 µg/dL and 27% had concentrations ≥10 µg/dL.Hypothesis.Environmental sources such as spices (e.g., turmeric, which has already faced recalls in Bangladesh due to high lead levels) may be a potential route of lead exposure.Methods.We conducted visits to the homes of 28 children randomly selected from among high and low blood lead concentration groups. During the visits, we administered a structured questionnaire and obtained soil, dust, rice, and spice samples. We obtained water samples from community water sources, as well as environmental samples from neighborhood businesses.Results.Lead concentrations in many turmeric samples were elevated, with lead concentrations as high as 483 ppm. Analyses showed high bioaccessibility of lead.Conclusions.Contamination of turmeric powder is a potentially important source of lead exposure in this population.

Reduction in Exposure to Lead from Drinking Water and its Effect on Blood Lead Concentrations

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sherlock ◽  
D. Ashby ◽  
H.T. Delves ◽  
G.I. Forbes ◽  
M.R. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lead Pipes

1 The water supply in Ayr (Scotland, UK) was plumbosolvent and many dwellings in Ayr contained lead pipes. In 1981 treatment of the water supply to reduce its plumbosolvency was initiated. Measurements of water and blood lead concentrations were made before and subsequent to the treatment. Most of the measurements made before and after water treatment began were made on water samples from the same dwellings and blood samples from the same women. 2 Water treatment produced a sharp fall in water lead concentrations and a decrease in the median blood lead concentration from 21 to 13 μg/100 ml. 3 Two women had higher than expected blood lead concentrations, both these women had been removing old paint. 4 Women who had lead pipes removed from their dwellings all showed substantial decreases in their blood lead concentrations. 5 The curvilinearity of the relation between blood lead and water lead concentrations is confirmed. Even relatively low (<40 μg/l) water lead concentrations may make a substantial contribution to blood lead concentrations.

Comparison of interlaboratory results for blood lead with results from a definitive method.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Boone ◽  
T Hearn ◽  
S Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Definitive Method ◽  
Group A

Abstract Results reported by 113 participants in the Blood Lead Proficiency Testing Program conducted by the Center for Disease Control were compared with those obtained by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) with a definitive methods (mass spectroscopy-isotopic dilution) for blood lead analyses. Data were compiled from the results obtained for 12 whole-blood samples containing 1.5 g of disodium EDTA per liter. Twelve separate blood samples were obtained from cattle which had been given lead nitrate orally. Lead concentrations in the samples ranged from 0.628 to 4.93 mumol/L (130-1020 micrograms/L) as determined by NBS. The methods used by laboratories were classified according to six basic groups: anodic stripping voltametry; and atomic absorption spectroscopy in which either extraction, carbon rod, graphite furnace, tantalum strip, or Delves cup was used. For results obtained in each group a linear regression analyses of laboratory values was made on the basis of NBS values. In comparison to the definitive method, most field methods for blood lead tended to overestimate the lead concentration when the actual lead concentration was less than 1.96 mumol/L (400 micrograms/L) and to underestimate the lead concentration when the actual lead concentration was greater than 2.45 mumol/L (500 micrograms/L).

scholarly journals Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on Flotation

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Żak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Maximal Flow ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Domestic Appliances ◽  
Equalization Tank ◽  
Made In ◽  
Pressure Flotation

Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on FlotationThe aim of the studies carried out at full technological scale was to indicate optimal systems of the two-stage precipitation and coagulation (PIX 113 - SAX 18, PAX XL1 - SAX 18, ALCAT 102 - lime milk and SAX 18 - PAX 16) in the process of eliminating heavy metals from wastewaters made in the processing plant producing sub-systems for domestic appliances. Precipitated pollutions were thickened by flocculation and separated by hydrogen peroxide enhanced pressure flotation. The experimental installation of maximal flow capacity: 10.0 m3/d consisted of: the storage-equalization tank, the processing pipe reactor, the pressure flotation station, and the reagent preparation and dosing station. Optimal doses of reagents and a flocculent as well as pressure and saturation time were defined for which maximal reductions in the load of heavy metals were achieved. The usefulness of hydrogen peroxide as a means of enhancing flotation was tested. The use of two-stage precipitation permitted the reduction in heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn, Zn), eg by applying ALCAT 102 - lime milk at the level exceeding 80%.

Should all patients with unexplained anaemia be screened for chronic lead poisoning?

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
I B Gawarammana ◽  
P I Dargan ◽  
S Woodcock ◽  
M Sculley ◽  
I M House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia

The global prevalence of lead poisoning is declining. However, the prevalence of lead poisoning in patients with either microcytic or normocytic anaemia is unknown. Blood samples from anaemic patients residing in south-east London without an obvious cause for anaemia had their blood lead concentration (BLC) analysed.A batch of 988 samples was analysed for BLC using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Median haemoglobin was 10.3 g/dL (range: 4.2–10.9) in females, 10.6 g/dL (range: 5.2–11.4) in males and 10.7 g/dL (range: 6.7–10.9) in children. Median BLC was 2.63 μg/dL (0.21–24.0 μg/dL; 95th centile 7.54 μg/dL). Fifteen samples (1.5%) had a BLC>10.0 μg/dL, five samples (1%)>15.0 μg/dL and one sample (0.1%)>20.0 μg/L. In the 106 children, median BLC was 2.34 μg/dL (0.5–14.5 μg/dL; 95th centile 6.12 μg/ dL). Only one child (14.5 μg/L) had a BLC>10.0 μg/dL. There was a poor correlation between haemoglobin and BLC (r2=0.08).Routine screening for lead poisoning cannot be justified in all patients with unexplained anaemia, unless there is a history or clinical features to suggest lead toxicity. Additionally, we have shown that in this former high-risk area for lead exposure, there is a low point prevalence of significant lead poisoning, even in an anaemic population.

scholarly journals Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Catalina Iticescu ◽  
Puiu-Lucian Georgescu ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Adrian Rosu ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture decreases the pressure on landfills. In Romania, massive investments have been made in wastewater treatment stations, which have resulted in the accumulation of important quantities of sewage sludge. The presence of these sewage sludges coincides with large areas of degraded agricultural land. The aim of the present article is to identify the best technological combinations meant to solve these problems simultaneously. Adapting the quality and parameters of the sludge to the specificity of the land solves the possible compatibility problems, thus reducing the impact on the environment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fermented sludge were monitored and optimal solutions for their treatment were suggested so as to allow that the sludge could be used in agriculture according to the characteristics of the soils. The content of heavy metals in the sewage sludge was closely monitored because the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer does not allow for any increases in the concentrations of these in soils. The article identifies those agricultural areas which are suitable for the use of sludge, as well as ways of correcting some parameters (e.g., pH), which allow the improvement of soil quality and obtained higher agricultural production.

scholarly journals Associations among Heavy Metals and Proteinuria and Chronic Kidney Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Hui-Ju Tsai ◽  
Chih-Hsing Hung ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Hung-Pin Tu ◽  
Chiu-Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing annually in Taiwan. In addition to traditional risk factors, heavy metals contribute to the development of CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate associations among heavy metals and proteinuria and CKD in the general population in Southern Taiwan. We also explored the interaction and synergetic effects among heavy metals on proteinuria. Methods: We conducted a health survey in the general population living in Southern Taiwan between June 2016 and September 2018. Seven heavy metals were measured: blood lead (Pb) and urine nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd). Proteinuria was measured using reagent strips. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: The mean age of the 2447 participants was 55.1 ± 13.2 years and included 977 males and 1470 females. Participants with high blood Pb and high urine Ni, Mn, Cu, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Interactions between blood Pb and urine Cr, and between urine Cd and Cu, had significant effects on proteinuria. The participants with high blood Pb and high urine Cu were significantly associated with an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion: High blood Pb and high urine Cu may be associated with proteinuria and an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. High urine Ni, Mn, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Co-exposure to Cd and Cu, and Pb and Cr, may have synergistic effects on proteinuria.

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