Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family

Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family The field experiment focused on three high-inulin vegetable crops: chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum Bisch), black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) and common salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.), and took into account two cultivation methods (flat soil and ridges) and a phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia L.) intercrop, the biomass of which was mixed with the soil during pre-winter ploughing. Cultivation without an intercrop served as the control. The studies aimed at evaluating the influence of ridge cultivation using a phacelia intercrop on the species composition and population of vegetable weeds as compared to traditional flat-soil cultivation with no intercrop. In total, 24 taxa in the primary and 31 taxa in the secondary weed populations (mostly characteristic for vegetable crops) were recorded in high-inulin species plantations. Monocarpic species such as Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule dominated in the spring, while Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Urtica urens were most numerous at the end of the vegetation period. Applying phacelia as the intercrop and ploughing its biomass before winter significantly reduced the primary weed population for all of the cultivated crop species as compared to the no-intercrop cultivations. Phacelia grown as the intercrop reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris, while favouring the development of Lamium amplexicaule. The cultivation system affected the primary weed infestation of vegetables, whereas it had no impact on the level of secondary weed infestation. At the beginning of the vegetation periods, fewer weeds grew in ridges than in the flat soil system. The crop species had no effect on the primary weed infestation, while it influenced weed numbers in the secondary. The lowest number of weeds was recorded in the secondary weed infestation of chicory, the well-developed leaf rosettes of which efficiently eliminated most of the weeds.

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The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk ◽

Iwona Sygutowska

Keyword(s):

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Individual Species ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Perennial Weeds

The weed composition and the dominance of individual species occurring in an orchard were assessed at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, during the first 10 years after orchard establishment. ‘Ligol’ apple trees were planted in the spring of 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). Foliar herbicides were applied in 1 m wide tree rows twice or three times per each vegetation period. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.Ten years of maintenance of herbicide fallow contributed to a change in the weed composition in the orchard. It changed as a result of different responses of the most important weed species to the foliar herbicides. Total suppression of Elymus repens was observed in the first year after planting the trees. Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, and other perennial weeds, completely disappeared in the succeeding periods. The maintenance of herbicide fallow did not affect the abundance of Taraxacum officinale. The percentage of the soil surface covered by Trifolium repens and Epilobium adenocaulon, perennial weeds with considerable tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, increased during the fruit-bearing period of the trees. The abundance of these weeds was significantly reduced only in the rows with the stronger growing trees on the semi-dwarf P 2 rootstock. Stellaria media was the dominant annual weed. Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Lamium spp. were also frequently observed. A significant increase in the abundance of annual and perennial weeds was found in the tree rows as a result of improved water availability after a period of high precipitation.

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Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m2. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: Avena fatua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., and Consolida regalis Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Papaver rhoeas L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Galium aparine L., and Chenopodium album L.

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Soil Fumigants to Replace Methyl Bromide for Weed Control in Ornamentals

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.17.1.111 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert E. Uhlig ◽

George Bird ◽

Robert J. Richardson ◽

Bernard H. Zandstra

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Size ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Crop Species ◽

Complete Control ◽

Plant Injury ◽

Soil Fumigants

A field study was conducted to evaluate fumigant alternatives for methyl bromide (MB). Iodomethane (IM), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), metham sodium (MS), and MB in various combinations were applied to a sandy soil field site in Sept. 2002. Some treatments were tarped. Plant injury, plant growth, fresh weight, and dry weight were evaluated for seven ornamental species: cushion spurge (Euphorbia polychroma), globe thistle (Echinops bannaticus ‘Blue Globe’), common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote Blue’), hosta (Hosta ‘Twilight PP14040’), silvermound artemisia (Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’), shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum ‘Snow Lady’), and thread leaf coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’). Weed control was evaluated in Apr. 2003, July 2003, and May 2004. All treatments gave almost complete control of all annual weeds, except for IM 50% + CP 50% (200 lb/acre, tarped) and MS (75 gal/acre, 1:4 water, not tarped), which did not give adequate control of common chickweed (Stellaria media), mouseear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), or common purslane (Portulaca oleracea). None of the treatments caused visual injury to any crop species. Treatments did not affect plant size in Nov. 2003. However, some treatments resulted in larger thread leaf coreopsis and silvermound artemisia plants in May 2004. There was no difference in dry weight at harvest between treatments for all species.

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The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213

Author(s):

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Edward Pałys

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Control Object ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Oat Cultivars ◽

The City ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora, Polygonum aviculare, and Stellaria media were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Apera spica-venti, and Elymus repens occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

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Effect of sowing date on the weed infestation of winter wheat a in long-term experiment

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.58.2010.suppl.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

P. Bónis ◽

F. Balázs ◽

J. Balázs ◽

T. Kismányoky

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Initial Development ◽

Long Term Experiment ◽

Weed Infestation

Detailed coenological studies were made at four developmental stages during the vegetation period in three sowing date variants in a long-term multifactorial experiment carried out in the Crop Production Institute of Pannon University. Both experimental years had poor rainfall supplies. The Balázs-Ujvárosi scoring method was used to register the extent of weed infestation and how it changed over the vegetation period. Both the wheat grain yield and the level of weed infestation were greatly influenced by the sowing date. Averaged over the two years, the largest volume of weeds was recorded in March. After the wheat started shooting, the weeds were suppressed. The three sowing dates had the greatest effect on weed growth from the stage of initial development to shooting. After late sowing, the smallest number of weeds was observed during this period in both years. By the time the crop matured the level of weed infestation had changed, with the largest number of weeds in the late-sown variant, where the wheat did not form a closed canopy. Averaged over all samplings in both years, the following five species had the highest abundance: Stellaria media (4.86%), Veronica hederifolia (3.38%), Papaver rhoeas (1.97%), Capsella bursa pastoris (1.41%), Matricaria maritima (0.96%).

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Present and potential weed infestation of spring cereals in different cropping system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2001.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

Andrzej Wesołowski ◽

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Cropping System ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Weed Infestation

This paper presents the results of investigations on the weed infestation and vertical distribution of weed seed bank in rendzina under spring cereals cultivation in crop rotations and monoculture. Used herbicides (MCPA and fenoxaprop-P-etylu) decreased the number of weeds and species composition in comparison with harrowing. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in the monoculture there was found about 22,9% weed seeds more than in crop rotation. In the canopy of spring cereals the following weeds dominated: in crop rotation - Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Veronica persica; and in monoculture - Stellaria media, Galium aparine and Chenopodium album. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in crop rotation and monoculture the following weed seeds dominated : Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Stellaria media.

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The influence of intercrop plants and the date of their ploughing-in on weed infestation of root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.016 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 137-146

Author(s):

Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽

Mirosław Konopiński

Keyword(s):

Avena Sativa ◽

Podzolic Soil ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cichorium Intybus ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

The Status ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Galinsoga Ciliata

The field experiment was carried out in 2006-2008 in the Felin Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin) on podzolic soil developed from dusty medium loam. Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch. cv. Polanowicka was involved in the experiment. The experimental factors were 3 species of intercrop plants: common vetch (Vicia sativa), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), oat (Avena sativa) and 2 dates of ploughing-in: pre-winter and spring. In total, 26 taxons characteristic for vegetable plantations were identified in chicory weed infestation. Monocarpic species dominated, among which Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Lamium amplexicaule, Galinsoga ciliata, and Capsella bursa-pastoris were predominant. The date of ploughing-in did not significantly affect the status and size of weed infestation of chicory plots. Short-lived species occurred after pre-winter ploughing-in, while perennial - after spring ploughing-in. The application of intercrops significantly reduced chicory weed infestation as compared to the cultivation with no intercrop. The ploughing-in of Avena sativa biomass appeared to be the most efficient. The intercrop plants reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris and Capsella bursa-pastoris which were the most numerous in the treatment without intercrops. Biomass of Vicia sativa favored the growth of Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule. The secondary weed infestation did not depend on agrotechnical factors applied during the experiment.

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Efficacy of imazamox in imidazolinone-resistant spring oilseed rape in Finland

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960605775897650 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A-L. HAUKKAPÄÄ ◽

S. JUNNILA ◽

C. ERIKSSON

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Grass Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Crop Species ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Effect On Yield

Imidazolinonies (IMIs) are a group of herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. They control the growth of many broadleaved weeds and annual grass species. Herbicide resistance against imidazolinonies has been transferred in some crop species, for example in Brassica napus. IMI-resistant oilseed rape cultivars have been developed by a mutation in ALS. They have been on the market for a few years, especially in North America. To determine if imazamox, an imidazolinone herbicide, and IMI-resistant oilseed rape cultivars are suitable for cultivation in Finland, we conducted four herbicide trials in three locations. We found, that imazamox had no negative effect on yield or oil quality characters of IMI-resistant oilseed rape. Some transient chlorosis was observed immediately after the treatment, but it was not apparent after a few days. The effects of imazamox against the most troublesome weeds in oilseed field in Finland, Chenopodium album and Galium spurium, were very good. Imazamox had good or moderate effects on Stellaria media, whereas its effects on Viola arvensis, Lapsana communis and Fallopia convolvulus were insufficient. If the total weed number was high or the emergence of oilseed rape was slow, the application of imazamox increased the yield of oilseed rape compared to untreated control. Our results suggest that imazamox is a good alternative in controlling weeds for Finnish oilseed fields. Therefore, it would be beneficial to transfer the IMI-resistance into Finnish oilseed and turnip rape lines.;

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Trap cropping: Principles and possibilities of application in root vegetable production

Biljni lekar ◽

10.5937/biljlek2006619i ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 619-635

Author(s):

Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina ◽

Aleksandar Ivezić

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Trap Crops ◽

Trap Cropping ◽

Safe Food ◽

Root Vegetables

Vegetable production is one of the most intensive parts of agricultural production in Serbia. There are several different classifications of vegetable species, but the most common is based on the edible part of the plant. This classification emphasizes root vegetables as a special and very important category. During the entire vegetation period, root vegetables are exposed to numerous pests, which reduce the value and quality of the final product. In addition to insects, which represent the most numerous group of animals, vegetables are also damaged by mites, nematodes, snails, rodents and some species of birds. One of the ecologically acceptable methods in the protection of vegetables is trap cropping, whereby certain plant species, the so-called trap plants are used to attract pests, in order to reduce the damage of the main crop. In modern agricultural production, trap crops are used as a common tool in Integrated Pest Management. Rising interest of agricultural producers for trap cropping is primarily attributed to the public concern about the potential negative effects of pesticides to human and environmental health, as well as to the increasing problem of pest resistance to insecticides. Since root vegetables intended for the market are primarily in fresh condition, an important segment of production is the effective protection of vegetable crops, which implies production of healthy and safe food. In that sense, the consideration of trap crops application in protection of root vegetables is more than justified, because trap cropping represents an environmentally friendly method and an effective alternative to conventional protection of vegetables from economically important pests.

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The effect of soil mulching with organic mulches, on weed infestation in broccoli and tomato cultivated under polypropylene fibre, and without a cover

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2014-0029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 188-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edyta Kosterna

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Polypropylene Fibre ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Different Types ◽

Rye Straw ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Germination And Growth

Abstract An investigation was done on the effect of different types of organic mulches that were applied in form of straw to the soil mulching process, on the weed infestation, number, and fresh mass of weeds in broccoli cv. Milady F1 (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) and tomato cv. Polfast F1 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown under polypropylene fibre as a covering, or grown without a covering. The different types of organic straw mulches were: rye (Secale cereale L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rape (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). All the organic mulches were applied at a dose of 10 t/ha. The effect of the mulches was compared to a control plot which had no mulch. The type of organic mulch applied to the soil mulching process influenced species composition, number, and fresh mass of weeds. This effect could be the result of the properties of the mulch (colour, structure, etc.) or the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of individual weeds species. Irrespective of the investigated factors, 24 and 25 weeds species, respectively, were observed immediately after cover removal and before broccoli and tomato harvest. In the first date of estimation Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., and Viola tricolor L. dominated, however, before the vegetables were harvested Ch. album, V. tricolor, Veronica arvensis L., and E. crus-galli dominated. An application of polypropylene fibre contributed to an increase in the number and fresh mass of weeds in both vegetables in the first date of estimation (after cover removal). During this period, vegetables cannot compete with weeds. It is important to note, though, that before the vegetables were harvested, a decrease was found in the number and fresh mass of weeds in the covered plots. The most efficient weed limiter, both after cover removal and also before the broccoli and tomatoes were harvested, was buckwheat and rye straw, respectively.

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