scholarly journals The effect of water shortage on pea (Pisum sativum L.) productivity in relation to the pod position on the stem

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Barbara Skowera ◽  
Norbert Styrc
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The literature contains few studies on the effect of temporary soil drought on the development and productivity of pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) pods in relation to their position in the fruiting part of the stem. The aim of this study was to evaluate pod productivity of various pea cultivars in relation to varied weather conditions. Differences in precipitation during two growing seasons resulted in a decrease in yield of 0.62 t ha<sup>−1</sup> in a dry year in comparison to a year with better water availability. <em>Pisum sativum</em> ‘Tarchalska’ proved to be the most stable in terms of the number of pods produced, whilst ‘Prophet’ was the least. Weather conditions and cultivars were the determinants of pod production. Pea pods were distinguished by their position on the productive node. Larger and more productive pods were found on the lowest four productive nodes (which had a longer period of nutrient accumulation) resulting in higher seed mass. Productivity increased in the year with favorable weather conditions, as more of the upper nodes were reproductive. The first four nodes produced 45–91% of the yield. The number of seeds in the first three nodes was significantly cultivar-dependent, whereas the number of seeds in pods at all nodes was determined by weather conditions. Significantly more seeds were formed from each node in the wetter year. <em>Pisum sativum</em> ‘Audit’ was not sensitive to weather conditions, producing the same yield in the both years of the study.

scholarly journals Effect of water availability on changes in root amino acids and associated rhizosphere on root exudation of amino acids in Pisum sativum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Bobille ◽  
Joëlle Fustec ◽  
Richard J. Robins ◽  
Caroline Cukier ◽  
Anis M. Limami
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the GABA Shunt Pathway in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seedlings Under Drought Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nisreen A. AL-Quraan ◽  
Zakaria I. Al-Ajlouni ◽  
Nima F. Qawasma
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gaba Shunt ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

The physiological and biochemical role of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway in green pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) was studied in response to soil water holding capacity levels: 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10% grown under continuous light at 25 °C for 7 days and 14 days, separately. Characterization of seeds germination pattern, seedlings growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll contents), GABA shunt metabolite (GABA, glutamate, and alanine) levels, total protein and carbohydrate levels, and oxidative damage (MDA level) were examined. Data showed a significant effect of drought stress on seed germination, plant growth, GABA shunt metabolites level, total protein and carbohydrate contents, and MDA level. A significant decline in seed germination percentage was recorded at a 20% drought level, which indicated that 20% of soil water holding capacity is the threshold value of water availability for normal germination after 14 days. Seedling fresh weight, dry weight, and plant height were significantly reduced with a positive correlation as water availability was decreased. There was a significant decrease with a positive correlation in Chl a and Chl b contents in response to 7 days and 14 days of drought. GABA shunt metabolites were significantly increased with a negative correlation as water availability decreased. Pea seedlings showed a significant increase in protein content as drought stress was increased. Total carbohydrate levels increased significantly when the amount of water availability decreased. MDA content increased slightly but significantly after 7 days and sharply after 14 days under all water stress levels. The maximum increase in MDA content was observed at 20% and 10% water levels. Overall, the significant increases in GABA, protein and carbohydrate contents were to cope with the physiological impact of drought stress on Pisum sativum L. seedlings by maintaining cellular osmotic adjustment, protecting plants from oxidative stress, balancing carbon and nitrogen (C:N) metabolism, and maintaining cell metabolic homeostasis and cell turgor. The results presented in this study indicated that severe (less than 40% water content of the holding capacity) and long-term drought stress should be avoided during the germination stage to ensure proper seedling growth and metabolism in Pisum sativum L.

scholarly journals Agronomic Responses of Soybean Genotypes to Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
Snežana Đorđević ◽  
Zorica Bijelić ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Vlada Pantelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Favorable Weather

The main nitrogen (N) sources in soybean production originate from soil fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium spp. and from mineralization of soil organic N. These sources of N are often not sufficient to cover the N needs of the soybean. The present two-year field study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean genotypes (Valjevka and Galina) and rates of starter fertilizer N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1) on quantitative and qualitative parameters and on rain use efficiency (RUE) under contrasting weather conditions in the Pannonian region of Serbia. A field study conducted during two different growing seasons: first year with unfavorable weather conditions and second year with favorable weather conditions. As expected, the quantitative parameters, oil content, and RUE were higher in the year with favorable growing season, the second one. According to measured parameters, the genotype Valjevka performed higher yield potential as compared to the genotype Galina. The highest values of quantitative parameters and RUE were recorded at 60 kg N ha−1, protein content at 90 kg N ha−1 and oil content 0 kg N ha−1 (control). This study suggests that proper genotype selection and application of 60 kg N ha−1 as a starter dose with rhizobial inoculation could contribute to the high yield, while protein could be altered by N amount, independently on genotype.

Screening the pea collection for breeding feed varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Е.В. Кожухова ◽  
Л.П. Байкалова
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Green Mass Yield

Исследования проводились в лесостепи Восточной Сибири в 2018–2019 годах. Для создания сортов гороха (Pisum sativum L.) с высокой кормовой продуктивностью необходимо включать в селекционный процесс листочковые формы вместо более технологичных усатых сортов. Цель исследования — анализ коллекции гороха листочкового морфотипа для селекции на кормовые цели. Материалом для исследования послужили 20 образцов гороха листочкового морфотипа. Образцы оценивали по укосной и зерновой продуктивности. Погодные условия в годы проведения исследований отличались от среднемноголетних значений: 2018 год был очень засушливым (ГТК — 0,60), 2019 год — засушливым (ГТК — 0,89). Урожайность зависела от биологических особенностей сорта и погодных условий годов исследований. Следует отметить высокую продуктивность сорта гороха полевого Интенсивный 92: в оба года он попал в верхнюю часть ранжированного списка, превысив стандарт. В среднем по урожайности зелёной массы сорт Интенсивный 92 превосходил стандарт Радомир на 3,40 т/га, по урожайности семян — сорт Орпела на 0,10 т/га. Рентабельность производства зелёной массы сорта Интенсивный 92 оказалась на 53,7% выше стандарта. По рентабельности производства зерна сорт Орпела превысил стандарт на 8,8%. Выделены источники важных хозяйственных признаков: для селекции на увеличение урожайности семян — горох полевой Орпела; урожайности зелёной массы — сорта Апостол и Интенсивный 92; в качестве источника семенной продуктивности растений — сорта Тюменский кормовой, Шал, Орпела; устойчивости к полеганию — Альбенс и Орпела; устойчивости к аскохитозу и тле — Clause и Id 29200910. The investigation took place in the forest-steppe of the Eastern Siberia in 2018–2019. To create pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties with high feed productivity, it is necessary to include leafy forms in a breeding process instead of leafless varieties suitable for machine harvesting. The research aimed at screening a collection of leafy peas for breeding feed varieties. 20 leafy varieties were analyzed according to their green mass and grain productivity. Weather conditions differed from the long-term average values: 2018 was very dry (hydrothermal index = 0.60), 2019 — dry (hydrothermal index = 0.89). Productivity depended on plant biology and meteorological conditions. Pea variety “Intensivny 92” showed high productivity ; it hit the top of the ranked list, exceeding the standard in both years. “Intensivny 92” exceeded the standard “Radomir” in green mass yield by 3.40 t ha-1 and“Orpela” — in grain productivity by 0.10 t ha-1. The profitability of green mass production of “Intensivny 92” was 53.7% higher than the standard. The profitability of “Orpela” grain production exceeded the standard by 8.8%. The sources of economically important traits were found: field pea “Orpela” — to increase grain yield; “Apostol” and “Intensivny 92” — for high green mass yield; “Tyumenskiy kormovoy”, “Shal”, “Orpela” — high seed productivity; “Albens” and “Orpela” — lodging resistance; Clause and Id 29200910 — resistance to Ascochyta leaf spot and aphids.

scholarly journals Influence of phosphorus nutrition on seed yield and quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars across different seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Josef Hakl ◽  
Jiri Skladanka ◽  
Joanna Dłużniewska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Due to the rapid shrinking of supply of mineral nutrients as well as observed weather fluctuations in throughout Europe in recent ten years, sustainable phosphorus fertilisation has become an important aspect of legume cultivation. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on the pea seed yield and quality in water poor conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the seed yield and seed chemical composition of selected pea cultivars in response to the level of P fertilisation and weather conditions across three consecutive years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to assess the proportion of variability of tested variables (seed quality traits) that could be explained by explanatory variables (year, cultivar, fertilisation). Temporary soil drought during flowering stage resulted in a significant increase in yield only after high level of phosphorus application (140 kg ha–1). This indicates that phosphorus significantly mitigated the effect of water shortage. In a dry year, pea had high concentration of fat and fibre in seeds, while in very humid year the opposite response was observed. RDA analysis proved that year effect explained over 50% variability, whereas cultivar and P fertilisation explained only 14.2% of variability. The effect of P fertilisation was only marginal (1.6%) in comparison with cultivar selection (12.6%). Interaction of pea cultivars with fertilisation shows a consistent tendency towards increase of crude protein under higher phosphorus doses for cultivars ‘Tarchalska’ and ‘Protecta’ whereas opposite tendency was observed for ‘Batuta’ and ‘Tinker’. It can be concluded that suitable cultivar selection gives a much greater opportunity to affect pea chemical composition than P fertilisation.

scholarly journals Changes in Pisum sativum L. Plants and in Soil as a Result of Application of Selected Foliar Fertilizers and Biostimulators

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Hanna Sulewska ◽  
Alicja Niewiadomska ◽  
Karolina Ratajczak ◽  
Anna Budka ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Pea Seed

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of selected biostimulators and foliar fertilizers on plant development, plant yield, soil fertility and soil biochemical activity (dehydrogenases, phosphatases, catalases) during the cultivation of pea (Pisum sativum L.). A field experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2018 at the Gorzyń Experimental and Educational Station, Poznań University of Life Sciences in Poland. The following treatments were tested: (1) control; (2) Titanit; (3) Optysil; (4) Metalosate potassium; (5) Rooter; (6) Bolero Mo; (7) Adob Zn IDHA; (8) Adob B and (9) Adob 2.0 Mo. Adob Zn IDHA stimulated yields, especially under average moisture conditions and less so in drought conditions, and the differences compared to control amounted 8.36 and 4.3%, respectively. The results showed a close relationship between the effects of the biostimulators and foliar fertilizers and weather conditions during the study. It was not possible to determine whether any of the biostimulators or foliar fertilizers had a positive effect on pea seed yield in any year. Similarly, it was difficult to clearly determine the effect of the biostimulators and fertilizers on biochemical activity in the soil, although soil enzyme activity was influenced most by application of the Bolero Mo fertilizer. In all study years, biological nitrogen fixation was always greater after the application of a biostimulator/fertilizer treatment.

scholarly journals Interaction of cultivar and irrigation on mixtures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12488
Author(s):  
Chrysanthi PANKOU ◽  
Anastasios LITHOURGIDIS ◽  
Christos DORDAS
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Different Response

Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops species in the same space for a considerable proportion of the growth period. Intercropping has several advantages and is used in both traditional and sustainable agriculture. The objective of the present study was to study the interactions among different pea and wheat cultivars and the effect of water availability on wheat-pea mixtures and the competition between the two species. The experiment was conducted for two successive growing seasons using two different irrigation regimes and two cultivars from each species. The different treatments were evaluated using morphological and agronomic characteristics. Intercropping treatment, cultivars, and irrigation level affected most of the characteristics that were studied and the competition between the two species. Biomass was higher by 47% and leaf area index by 34% under irrigation compared to the rainfed conditions. The different cultivars showed different response under the two water regimes. Based on the intercropping indices, the mixture ‘Yecora E’ - ‘Isard’ is favoured under irrigation while the combination ‘Elissavet’ - ‘Isard’ under low water availability. There was interaction between cultivars and irrigation and using different cultivars in intercropping can have higher yield advantage than monocropping by exploiting the environmental resources more efficiently. Therefore, the use of appropriate cultivars in mixtures can affect the growth, biomass yield and competition between the two species leading to higher yield and greater economic return.

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