scholarly journals The use of composition of carbendazim and captafol in control of diseases of apple tree

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Z. Borecki ◽  
D. Borecka ◽  
K. Bystydzieńska ◽  
W. Karolczak
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Tree Diseases ◽  
Bitter Rot ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Nectria Galligena ◽  
Apple Fruits

The composition of two fungicides: carbendazim 40% and captafol 40% gave very good to fair control of apple tree diseases. This formulation was used in field experiments against apple scab, bark canker fungi and bitter rot of apple fruits. The 0,06 per cent concentration was very effective against strains of <em>Venturia inaequnlis</em> tolerant and resistant to benzimidazole fungicides. The 0,1 per cent concentration gave very good control of <em>Nectria galligena</em> and <em>Pezicula malicorticis</em> and fair control of <em>Stereum purpureum</em> and <em>Phvtophthora cactorum</em>.

THE MEASUREMENT OF LOSSES CAUSED BY APPLE-TREE DISEASES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APPLE SCAB

1953 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Croxall ◽  
D. C. Gwynne ◽  
J. E. E. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Tree Diseases

scholarly journals Near infrared hyperspectral dataset of healthy and infected apple tree leaves images for the early detection of apple scab disease

Data in Brief ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 967-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Nouri ◽  
Nathalie Gorretta ◽  
Pierre Vaysse ◽  
Michel Giraud ◽  
Christian Germain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Tree Leaves

scholarly journals Efficacy of Sterol-Inhibiting Fungicides on the Control of Scab Disease (Venturia Inaequalis) in Apple Tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Edlira Shahinasi ◽  
Ferdi Brahushi
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Golden Delicious

Apple scab, caused by Venturia Inaequalis is one of the most problematic diseases of apples in Korça region. The control of this disease requires different applications of fungicides. The aim of the study was the estimation of efficacy of sterol-inhibiting fungicides such as myclobutanil and penconazole on the control of scab disease. The effectiveness of fungicides was evaluated for two cultivars Golden Delicious and Starking and the minimum and the maximum recommended doses were applied. The obtained results showed that scab prevalence in leave ranges from 79.2% to 85.6% respectively in untreated trees of Golden Delicious and Starking cultivars. The scab prevalence of leaves in apples treated with pesticides ranges from 18.1% in Golden Delicious cultivar to 22.2% in Starking cultivar, meanwhile the scab prevalence in fruit varies from 4.2% in Starking cultivar to 6.1% in Golden Delicious cultivar.  The disease index of leave in untreated control varies from 38.4% to 40.1% respectively for Golden Delicious cultivar and Starking cultivar, while the severity of fruit in untreated trees varies from 45.6% in Starking cultivar to 49.0% in Golden cultivar. Therefore, the data showed that the uses of sterol-inhibiting fungicides were effective in the control of scab disease.

EFFECTS OF CERTAIN NEMATICIDES ON SOIL NITROGEN, SOIL NITRIFIERS, AND POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. ELLIOT ◽  
C. F. MARKS ◽  
C. M. TU
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Untreated Soil

Field experiments were conducted in 1973 and 1974 on Fox loamy sand to study the effects of Telone (1,3-dichloropropene and related C3 hydrocarbons), Telone C (1,3-dichloropropene and related C3 hydrocarbons 85%, and chloropicrin 15%), Vorlex (1,3-dichloropropene and related C3 hydrocarbons 80%, and methyl isothiocyanate 20%), and the non-fumigant nematicide oxamyl (methyl N′,N′-dimethyl-N-[(methyl-carbamoyl)oxy]-1-thiooxamimidate) on soil nitrifying bacteria, soil nitrogen, and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filip, and Stek. 1941 in flue-cured tobacco. Chloropicrin and triazophos (1-phenyl-3-(0-0-diethylthionophosphoryl)-1, 2, 4-triazole), a non-fumigant, were also included in 1974. Soil treated with fumigant nematicides was higher in NH4+-N than untreated soil or soil treated with non-fumigant nematicides. Lower levels of NO3−-N were found in the soil 37 days after fumigation with Telone or Telone C and 28 days with Vorlex. Fumigant nematicides increased total mineralization, (NH4+ + NO3−)-N, of organic nitrogen in the soil; the effect lasted longer with Telone C and chloropicrin. Nitrosomonas spp. were higher in Telone- or Telone C-treated plots at 4 wk after fumigation and higher in all nematicide plots at 8 wk. Nitrobacter spp. were higher with Vorlex and oxamyl than in the check plots at 4, 6, and 8 wk after fumigation. Nematicides reduced the population of P. penetrans in the soil throughout the season in 1973 but control was less consistent in 1974. Oxamyl and triazophos gave good control of nematodes in roots of flue-cured tobacco. All nematicides tested gave an increase in yield of tobacco in 1973 but no significant increases were obtained in 1974.

DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES FOR GRASSY WEED CONTROL IN RAPESEED

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Five substituted dinitroaniline herbicides applied as preplanting soil incorporation treatments were evaluated in six field experiments in 1971, 1973, and 1974 for controlling green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.), and for tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). In these experiments, A-820 (N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroapiline) had the least activity, while dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) had the greatest activity, and in some tests injured germinating rapeseed, resulting in thinned stands and reduced yield. The activity of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoro-methyl) aniline] and profluralin [N(cyclopropyl-methyl)-α,α,α-trifluro-2, 6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] was slightly weaker than that of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). All these herbicides gave good control of green foxtail and wild oats. In 1971, due to low populations of green foxtail, good weed control did not give rapeseed yield increases. In 1973, under normal climatic conditions, rapeseed yields were increased significantly when the application of dinitramine, fluchloralin, profluralin, and trifluralin controlled green foxtail and wild oats successfully. In 1974, under drought conditions, good weed control from four dinitroanilines and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] was not reflected in significant yield increases although profluralin gave a significant yield increase in one test. Disc soil incorporation (7.5–10 cm deep) of dinitramine and trifluralin gave slightly better weed control and higher, though not significant, yield increases than harrow soil incorporation (2.5–5 cm deep).

scholarly journals Experimental approach in apple tree nutrition

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kállay ◽  
E. Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Authors present synthesis of experimental work, performed in the last decades, for better understanding nutritional behaviour of apple trees and related problems in fruit quality. There were evidences supporting possible deteriorating role of potassium in feeble physiological status of apples, if applied in excess. More intensive studies proved that higher potassium uptake into leaves and fruits might be also the result of increased sink power of individual fruits. Nevertheless early senescence of apples during storage and also sensibility to bitter pit were successfully related to the increased sink power of fruits, casual relations in excessive NPK fertilization, although increase in sink power need further investigations. Impaired weather conditions during early development of fruits, hostile orchard practices in pruning, thinning, irrigation and also unskilled application of growth regulators may also contribute in the enhancement of sink power and in weakened physiological status of apple fruits.

Herbicidal Persistence in Soil and its Effect on Purple Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Waters ◽  
D. S. Burgis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Excellent Control

Two field experiments were conducted to determine the soil persistence, crop toxicity, and effectiveness of four herbicides in controlling purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Excellent control of purple nutsedge was obtained with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) and good control was obtained with N-hydroxy-methyl-2,6-dichlorothiobenzamide. Both 3-iert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (terbacil) and 5-bromo-3-teri-butyl-6-methyluracil were effective in controlling purple nutsedge, but maximum control was not obtained until 9 to 12 months after these chemicals were incorporated in the soil. Toxicity of all chemicals to beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. humilis L., Blue Lake), corn (Zea mays var. rugosa L., Golden Security), summer squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, var. Yellow Crookneck), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., var. Flora-del), and gladiolus (Gladiolus hortulanus Bailey, var. Friendship) increased as the rates were increased and decreased with time after treatment. Infestation of purple nutsedge from escaping tubers increased as the herbicidal persistence decreased.

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samunder Singh ◽  
Ashok Yadav ◽  
Rajender S. Balyan ◽  
Ram K. Malik ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Indian Jujube ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate control of 90- to 100-cm-tall ragweed parthenium in a noncropped situation in Haryana State, India, during 2000 and 2001. Atrazine, 2,4-D ethyl ester, atrazine plus 2,4-D, metribuzin, metsulfuron, chlorimuron, glufosinate with and without surfactant, glyphosate with and without surfactant, and glyphosate formulations MON 8793 and 8794 were sprayed on ragweed parthenium. Also, the effect of water quality was studied with flat-fan and flood-fan nozzles using glyphosate and its formulation MON 8793 against ragweed parthenium and associated weeds. Glyphosate MON 8793 and 8794 at 3.6 kg ae/ha provided excellent control of ragweed parthenium followed by glyphosate at 2.7 or 5.4 kg/ha, with no recovery until 18 wk after treatment (WAT). Addition of 0.1% v/v surfactant (MON 0818) to glyphosate at 2.7 kg/ha provided similar control to that of glyphosate alone at 5.4 kg/ha. Other herbicides failed to provide satisfactory control of ragweed parthenium. In the water quality study, glyphosate at 2.7 and 5.4 kg/ha and glyphosate MON 8793 at 2.7 and 3.6 kg/ha provided similar control of ragweed parthenium at 18 WAT. Glyphosate was antagonized less by tap water (0.45 mM Ca) than canal (0.7 mM Ca) and hand-pump water (1 mM Ca). Neither glyphosate nor glyphosate MON 8793 provided good control of purple nutsedge, velvetleaf, garden spurge, threelobe false mallow, jimsonweed, giant milkweed, Indian jujube, or tropical spiderwort, but crowfootgrass, green foxtail, sprawling signalgrass, and spiny amaranth were controlled. Glyphosate at 5.4 kg/ha and glyphosate MON 8793 at 3.6 kg/ha provided more than 80% control of bermudagrass at 8 WAT, which was significantly better than the 2.7 kg/ha rate. Flat-fan nozzles provided better efficacy of applied herbicides than flood-fan nozzles at 4 WAT on ragweed parthenium.

Spray Penetration into a Strawberry Canopy as Affected by Canopy Structure, Nozzle Type, and Application Volume

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Greg E. MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Application Volume ◽  
Nozzle Type

Strawberries, an important Florida crop, are grown on raised beds covered with plastic mulch. The plastic mulch provides good control of many weeds, but some problem species can emerge from the transplant hole during crop establishment. POST herbicide options for broadleaf weed control within the strawberry bed is limited to clopyralid, which only provides suppression. Strawberry canopy shielding may be responsible for the observed incomplete control with clopyralid application for problematic broadleaf weed species such as black medic and Carolina geranium. Two field experiments were established on mature strawberries to evaluate spray penetration through the canopy. The first examined spray penetration through the canopy of multiple strawberry cultivars at various distances from the crown. The second examined the effects of application volumes and nozzle selection on spray penetration. Cultivar selection had no effect on spray penetration through the canopy. In the first study, when applying at 281 L ha−1, the area around the planting hole (0 to 5 cm from the crown) had 8% coverage below the canopy while the area below the canopy edge (10 to 15 cm from the crown) had 27% coverage. In the second study, increasing the application volume from 187 to 375 L ha−1increased coverage by 81%. Increasing the application volume from 375 to 740 L ha−1increased coverage 33% with maximal coverage of 53% at 740 L ha−1. Nozzle type (standard even flat spray tip, Drift Guard, or TwinJet nozzles) did not affect coverage or deposition volume below the canopy. Overall, mature strawberry canopies demonstrated similar spray droplet penetration across cultivars with increased penetration with increased distance from the crown. Penetration increased with increasing application volume, but the nozzle types used in this experiment did not affect penetration. Additional research is needed to better define the effect of application volume on herbicide efficacy.

scholarly journals Dynamics of decomposition of residual amounts of fenoxycarb in apple fruits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Didenko ◽  
◽  
M.E. Podgornaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Amount ◽  
Apple Fruits

The possibility of determining the residual amount of the insecticide “Insegar”, water-soluble granules (250 g/kg fenoxycarb) by high performance liquid chromatography is shown. The dynamics of the decomposition of the insecticide in the fruits of the apple tree is considered. On the 20th day, after double use of “Insegar” (consumption rate – 0.6 kg/ha), the fenoxycarb content was 0.42–0.31 mg/kg.

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