scholarly journals Morphactin stimulates stem elongation and thickening in decapitated shoots of Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb.

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska ◽  
Justyna Góraj ◽  
Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽  
Junichi Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Endogenous Auxin ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport ◽  
Synthetic Growth

Morphactin, methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (IT 3456), is a synthetic growth regulator with a unique action affecting various morphogenetic and physiological processes in plants, and has been characterized as a specific inhibitor of auxin polar transport. Morphactin applied at the last internode in decapitated shoots of <em>Bryophyllum calycinum</em> substantially stimulated elongation and thickening of the internode. Benzyladenine applied alone little affected stem elongation and thickening. Simultaneous application of benzyladenine and morphactin showed a synergistic effect on thickening, while it did not on elongation. These results suggest that morphactin translocated basipetally from the top of the treated internode inhibits auxin polar transport from the internode, resulting in the accumulation of endogenous auxin for elongation and thickening in the treated internode of decapitated shoots of <em>Bryophyllum calycinum</em>.

scholarly journals Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors on the growth of the excised fourth internode in tulips

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽  
Justyna Góraj ◽  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
Junichi Ueda ◽  
Marian Saniewski
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Growth ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Inverted Position ◽  
Tulipa Gesneriana ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport

ABSTRACT Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors: methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (morphactin IT 3456), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) on elongation growth of the excised fourth internode of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv. Apeldoorn were studied. After removal of flower bud, the continuing elongation of the excised fourth internode kept in water in normal or inverted position was observed, the elongation in inverted position being significantly higher than that in the normal position. On the other hand, the application of these inhibitors (0.2%, w/w in lanolin) in the place of removed flower bud substantially enhanced the elongation, the stimulation being much higher in the normal position than in the inverted one. When the inhibitors were applied in the middle or 1 cm from the base of the internode, the growth-promoting effect of these inhibitors was observed both in the upper and lower part of the internode, being greater in the upper part of the internode, regardless of the position of explants. Simultaneous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1%, w/w in lanolin) at the place of the removed flower bud in the normal position with morphactin, TIBA and NPA applied in the middle or 1 cm from the base of the excised internode greatly stimulated the elongation, whereas almost no growthpromoting effect of these inhibitors was observed, in comparison to IAA. On the contrary, when IAA was applied on the base of the excised internode in the inverted position, the growth was inhibited, compared to that with lanolin only. The inhibitory effect of auxin was eliminated by the simultaneous application of morphactin, TIBA and NPA placed in the middle of the excised internode. These results suggest that auxin levels in the excised internode regulated by auxin polar transport play a crucial role in the regulation of its elongation growth.

scholarly journals Differential effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors on rooting in some Crassulaceae species

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Saniewski ◽  
Justyna Góraj ◽  
Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
Junichi Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Endogenous Auxin ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport

Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors, 2,3,5-triio-dobenzoic acid (TIBA), 1-<em>N</em>-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (morphactin IT 3456), as a lanolin paste, on root formation in cuttings of some species of Crassulaceae, such as <em>Bryophyllum daigremontianum, B. calycinum, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana </em>and <em>K. tubiflora</em>, were studied. Cuttings of these plants were easily rooted in water without any treatment. TIBA and morphactin IT 3456 completely inhibited root formation in the cuttings of these plants but NPA did not when these inhibitors were applied around the stem below the leaves. When TIBA and morphactin were applied around the stem near the top, but leaves were present below the treatment, the root formation was observed in <em>B. calycinum </em>and <em>K. blossfeldiana </em>but in a smaller degree than in control cuttings. These results strongly suggest that endogenous auxin is required for root formation in cuttings of Crassulaceae plants. The differential mode of action of NPA is discussed together with its effect on auxin polar transport.

Long-term Effects of Triazol Growth Regulators on Stem Elongation of Rhododendron and Kalmia

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 436E-436
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Response Coefficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Year

The persistence of effects of paclobutrazol or uniconazol on stem elongation was determined for several years after large-leaf Rhododendron and Kalmia latifolia were treated with a single-spray application of these triazol growth-regulator chemicals. Potted plants were treated in the second year from propagation, and transplanted into the field in the following spring. The elongation of stems was measured in the year of application and in the following 2 to 4 years. Treatments with a wide range of doses were applied in 1991, 1992, or 1995. For all except the most-dilute applications, stem elongation was retarded in the year following application. At the highest doses, stem growth was inhibited 2 years following application. The results could be explained by a model of growth regulator action that assumed stem elongation was inversely related to amount of growth regulator applied. The dose response coefficient for paclobutrazol was less than that for uniconazol. The dose that inhibited stem elongation one-half as much as a saturating dose was about 0.5 and 0.05 mg/plant, for paclobutrazol and uniconazol, respectively. The dose response coefficient decreased exponentially with time after application, with an exponential time constant of about 2/year. The model predicted a dose of growth regulator that inhibited 0.9 of stem elongation immediately after application would continue to inhibit 0.5 of stem elongation in the following year.

Identification of dehydrocostus lactone and 4-hydroxy-β-thujone as auxin polar transport inhibitors

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 2251-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Ueda ◽  
Yuta Toda ◽  
Kiyotaka Kato ◽  
Yuichi Kuroda ◽  
Tsukasa Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Transport ◽  
Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport ◽  
Dehydrocostus Lactone

Requirement of the Auxin Polar Transport System in Early Stages of Arabidopsis Floral Bud Formation

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyotaka Okada ◽  
Junichi Ueda ◽  
Masako K. Komaki ◽  
Callum J. Bell ◽  
Yoshiro Shimura
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport ◽  
Floral Bud

scholarly journals Auxin minimum triggers the developmental switch from cell division to cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (36) ◽  
pp. E7641-E7649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Di Mambro ◽  
Micol De Ruvo ◽  
Elena Pacifici ◽  
Elena Salvi ◽  
Rosangela Sozzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Stringent Control ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Developmental Switch

In multicellular organisms, a stringent control of the transition between cell division and differentiation is crucial for correct tissue and organ development. In the Arabidopsis root, the boundary between dividing and differentiating cells is positioned by the antagonistic interaction of the hormones auxin and cytokinin. Cytokinin affects polar auxin transport, but how this impacts the positional information required to establish this tissue boundary, is still unknown. By combining computational modeling with molecular genetics, we show that boundary formation is dependent on cytokinin’s control on auxin polar transport and degradation. The regulation of both processes shapes the auxin profile in a well-defined auxin minimum. This auxin minimum positions the boundary between dividing and differentiating cells, acting as a trigger for this developmental transition, thus controlling meristem size.

scholarly journals Suitable Experimental Design for Determination of Auxin Polar Transport in Space Using a Spacecraft.

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shimazu ◽  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
Takayuki Hoson ◽  
Seiichiro Kamisaka ◽  
Junichi Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport

scholarly journals Effect of growth regulator Kelpak SL on the formation of aboveground biomass of Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Sosnowski ◽  
Kazimierz Jankowski ◽  
Beata Wiśniewska-Kadźajan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Full Period ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Greenness Index

A study on the cultivation of <em>Festulolium braunii</em> cv. 'Felopa' was carried out using polyurethane rings with a diameter of 36 cm and a height of 40 cm, which were sunk into the ground to a depth of 30 cm and filled with soil material. In this experiment, Kelpak SL was used as a bioregulator. It consists of natural plant hormones such as auxins (11 mg in dm<sup>3</sup>) and cytokinins (0.03 mg in dm<sup>3</sup>). The experimental factors were as follows: A1-control; A2 – 20% solution of the growth regulator; A3 – 40% solution; and A4 – 60% solution. The preparation was applied to all three regrowths in the form of spray, at a rate of 3 cm<sup>3</sup> ring<sup>-1</sup>, at the stem elongation stage. The full period of this experiment was in the years 2010–2011. During this time, detailed investigations were carried out on aboveground biomass yield (g DM ring<sup>-1</sup>), number of shoots (pcs ring<sup>-1</sup>), leaf blade length (cm), width of the leaf blade base (mm), leaf greenness index (SPAD). The study showed a significant effect of the growth regulator on the formation of <em>Festulolium braunii</em> biomass. However, its highest effectiveness was observed when the 60% solution was applied.

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