scholarly journals Effects of the penetration of Artemisia vulgaris L. into maize crops as a result of the use of reduced tillage

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Hanna Gołębiowska
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Abandoned Field ◽  
Floristic Study ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Field Edge

In recent years, a significant increase in weed infestation of agricultural crops with <em>Artemisia vulgaris </em>has been observed in the south-western region of Poland. The ease of migration of this expansive species results from the fact that it does not face competition from segetal weeds and therefore poses a great threat to the ecological balance. During the period 2008–2011, a floristic study was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method in an abandoned field adjacent to a maize monoculture grown under two tillage systems: plough and ploughless tillage. These observations allowed an evaluation of the actual risk of spread of <em>Artemisia vulgaris </em>depending on tillage system. The vicinity of the abandoned field had a significant effect on the penetration of <em>Artemisia vulgaris </em>into maize crops. Higher numbers of individuals of this species were found under ploughless tillage compared to plough tillage, regardless of the distance from the field edge, and its increased competitive effects on <em>Viola arvensis </em>L. and <em>Veronica persica </em>L. could be observed. The lowest grain yield was obtained under ploughless tillage where the strong competitive effects of <em>Artemisia vulgaris </em>were observed even in the plot most distant from the abandoned field adjacent to the maize crop.

scholarly journals Segetal Diversity in Selected Legume Crops Depending on Soil Tillage

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bojarszczuk ◽  
Janusz Podleśny
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

The aim of the paper was to determine weed infestation expressed by weeds number and weed weight and other index under a three different tillage system: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and ploughing tillage (CT) in two legume species crops: pea and narrowed-leaved lupine. The research proved that growing legume under no-tillage conditions caused the increasing weed infestation. Weather conditions in each of the study years were shown to influence the weed infestation. The dry weight of weeds was higher in narrow-leaved lupine by 7% in flowering stage assessment and by 6% before harvest than in pea crop. The weeds number in the conventional tillage system in the flowering stage in pea and lupine crops was 24 and 26 plants·m−2, respectively, under the reduced tillage conditions it was 33 and 29% higher, while under no-tillage it was 58 and 67% higher. In all tillage systems the dominant species were Chenopodium album L., Viola arvensis L., Anthemis arvensis L., and Cirsium arvense L. The results prove that soil tillage system affect weed infestation of legume crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel Hofmeijer ◽  
Maike Krauss ◽  
Alfred Berner ◽  
Joséphine Peigné ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

Reduced tillage reduces soil erosion and increases topsoil organic matter compared with conventional tillage. However, yields are often reported to be lower, presumably, due to increased weed pressure and a slower N mineralization under organic farming conditions. The effects of reduced tillage compared with ploughing on weed infestation and winter wheat performance at four different crop stages, i.e., tillering, stem elongation, flowering, and harvest, was monitored for a single season in an eleven-year-old organic long-term tillage trial. To disentangle the effects of weed presence on crop yield and potential crop performance, subplots were cleaned from weeds during the whole cropping season. Weed biomass was consistently higher under reduced tillage. Soil mineral nitrogen contents under reduced tillage management were higher, which could be explained by the earlier ley termination in autumn compared with the conventional tillage system. Nitrogen status of wheat assessed with SPAD measurements was consequently higher under reduced tillage throughout the season. At harvest, wheat biomass and grain yield were similar in both tillage systems in the presence of weeds, but 15–18% higher in the reduced tillage system when weeds were removed. The negative impact of weeds on yields were not found with conventional tillage with a low weed infestation. Results suggest that reduced tillage can provide equivalent and even higher yields to conventional tillage in organically managed winter wheat if weed management is improved and good nutrient supply is assured.

scholarly journals Respuesta del cultivo de maíz a la labranza de conservación en cuatro diferentes suelos tropicales.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Ureste ◽  
Santos Campos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Tillage System

Under the rainfed conditions of the central zonc of Veracruz Mexico, the res pon se of the maize crop to the conventional, reduced and zero tillage systems was evaluated in four tropical soils of different texture and drainagc degree. Plant population and grain yield were used as indicating variables. Economical aspects were measured by the Cost/Benefit relationship. The most uniform and highest plant population and grain yield were achieved in the fine and medium textured, well drained Fluvisols, showing no difference between these two soils or among the four tillage systems. In the coarse textured,excessively drained Luvisol, the plant population was higher with zero tillage than with the reduced and conventional tillage; however, the grain yield achieved with zero and reduced tillage was practically alike, but higher than that achieved with the conventional tillage. In the fine textured, poorly drained Venisol, the lowest graio yield was obtained with the four tillage systems, being higher for the conventional tillage system. Zero and reduced tillage reached the highest Cost/Benefit relationship in the Fluvisols and Luvisols. On the clay Vertisol soils, it is not economically feasible to produce corn with any of the studied tillage systems, unless the excess moisture in the soil is reduced.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

scholarly journals Sowing speed in no tillage system on early development of maize crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Vieira Paulo ◽  
Rafael Cesar Tieppo ◽  
Alcir José Modolo ◽  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
Adalberto Santi
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Tillage System

Long-Term Effects of Three Tillage Systems on Peanut Grade, Yield, and Stem Rot Development1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Grade Yield

Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1987 to 1996 to evaluate the effects of long-term no-tillage, reduced-tillage, or full-tillage systems on peanut grade, yield, and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) disease development. In 3 of 10 yr the full-tillage system outyielded the no-tillage system while the reduced tillage system resulted in yield increase over no-tillage systems in 2 yr. Reduced-tillage plots had a higher incidence of stem rot than full-or no-tillage in 4 of 10 yr. In 3 of 10 yr, peanut grade (% TSMK) was lower in no-tillage than full-tillage plots. The reduced tillage system has shown promise for use in Texas for peanut. However, no-tillage peanut systems have never produced yield and quality comparable to full-tillage systems.

Grain and straw yields of barley under four tillage systems in northeastern Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. McAndrew ◽  
L G. Fuller ◽  
L G. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Northeastern Alberta ◽  
Gray Soil

The agronomic feasibility of reduced tillage management for barley (Hordeum vulgare) production in northeastern Alberta was evaluated with respect to grain and straw yield. Five sites were established in 1988 and continued until 1992 within the Dark Brown, Black, and Gray soil zones. Four tillage management systems were studied including zero (ZT), minimum (MT), and two conventional systems (C1 and C2). Fungicide (propiconazole) was applied to one-half of the plots to evaluate the need for fungicide in a continuous barley rotation using reduced tillage systems. Fungicide had no effect on grain and straw yields and no interaction between fungicide and tillage system occurred thus indicating that fungal diseases controllable by propiconazole did not limit yields during this study. Tillage system significantly affected grain and straw yields in approximately one-third of the site-years studied. Grain yields averaged over 5 yr ranged from 2.55 to 4.27, 2.61 to 3.93, 2.51 to 4.08, and 2.63 to 3.99 Mg ha−1 for ZT, MT, C2 and C1, respectively. Straw yields averaged over 5 yr ranged from 2.56 to 4.32, 2.61 to 3.90, 2.48 to 4.08, and 2.59 to 4.07 Mg ha−1 for ZT, MT, C2 and C1, respectively. In general, grain and straw yields of barley under ZT were equal or superior to yields obtained under C1, C2 and MT systems. Straw yields followed closely the trends observed for grain yields. Zero tillage grain yields significantly exceeded those of C1, C2 and MT in 30–50% of the site-years when growing season precipitation was below normal. This is believed to be related to better soil water conservation and greater water use efficiency under ZT compared with other tillage systems in years with below normal precipitation and particularly when June and July precipitation was low. Key words: Zero tillage, minimum tillage, fungicide

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

The effect of soil tillage system on the nitrogen uptake, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring barley in a cool Atlantic climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BRENNAN ◽  
P. D. FORRISTAL ◽  
T. McCABE ◽  
R. HACKETT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Ct System

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Ireland to compare the effects of soil tillage systems on the grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen (N) uptake patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in a cool Atlantic climate. The four tillage treatments comprised conventional tillage in spring (CT), reduced tillage in autumn (RT A), reduced tillage in spring (RT S) and reduced tillage in autumn and spring (RT A+S). Each tillage system was evaluated with five levels of fertilizer N (0, 75, 105, 135 and 165 kg N/ha). Grain yield varied between years but CT had a significantly higher mean yield over the three years than the RT systems. There was no significant difference between the three RT systems. Tillage system had no significant effect on the grain yield response to fertilizer N. As a result of the higher yields achieved, the CT system had a higher NUE than the RT systems at all N rates. There was no significant difference in NUE between the three RT systems. Conventional tillage had significantly higher nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) than RT A and a significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) than all three RT systems. Crop N uptake followed a similar pattern each year. Large amounts of N were accumulated during the vegetative growth stages while N was lost after anthesis. Increased N rates had a positive effect on N uptake in the early growth stages but tended to promote N loss later in the season. The CT system had the highest N uptake in the initial growth stages but its rate of uptake diminished at a faster rate than the RT systems as the season progressed. Tillage system had an inconsistent effect on crop N content during the later growth stages. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the use of non-inversion tillage systems for spring barley establishment in a cool oceanic climate remains challenging and in certain conditions may result in a reduction in NUE and lower and more variable grain yields than conventional plough-based systems.

EFFECT OF REDUCED TILLAGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIHARA ◽  
A. BATIONO ◽  
B. WASWA ◽  
J. M. KIMETU ◽  
B. VANLAUWE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Maize

SUMMARYReduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha−1 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume–cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document