scholarly journals Zinc Biofortification in the Grains of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Through Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Das ◽  
M. Jahiruddin ◽  
M. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Zn Concentration

We examined the effects of zinc (Zn) fertilization on wheat, focusing on yield and biofortification in the grains of two wheat varieties. Five Zn rates, i.e., 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> applied as ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O (23% Zn), and two wheat varieties, i.e., ‘BARI Gom-25’ and ‘BARI Gom-26,’ were used in the study. All plant characteristics, except 1,000-grain weight and plant height, i.e., tillers plant<sup>−1</sup>, spikes m<sup>−2</sup>, spike length, spikelets spike<sup>−1</sup>, and grains spike<sup>−1</sup>, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization. Treatment with 3.0 kg Zn ha<sup>−1</sup> (Zn<sub>3.0</sub>) produced the highest grain yield (3.90 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), which was statistically similar to Zn<sub>4.5</sub> and Zn<sub>6.0</sub> treatments. The control treatment (Zn<sub>0</sub>) produced the lowest grain yield (2.99 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). The concentrations of N, Zn, and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by Zn treatment. The crop varieties did not differ significantly in terms of N and Zn concentrations. However, the grain Fe concentration was remarkably higher in ‘BARI Gom-26’ than in ‘BARI Gom-25.’ The grain N and protein concentrations increased linearly with the Zn application rate. The grain Zn concentration increased with Zn application rates in a quadratic line, indicating that the concentration of Zn in wheat grain increased with Zn fertilization; however, it attained a maximum value in the Zn<sub>4.5</sub> treatment, after which it declined with higher rate of Zn application. The application of Zn at the rate of 4.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> resulted in the highest Zn fortification (39.7 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) in wheat grains, which was 17.1% higher than in the control treatment. The response curve showed that 4.62 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for ‘BARI Gom-25’ and 3.94 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for ‘BARI Gom-26’ were the optimum Zn rates for achieving higher wheat grain yield. However, 5.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> was the optimum Zn rate for obtaining higher Zn fortification in wheat grains.

scholarly journals Biofortification of Rice Grain as Affected by Different Doses of Zinc Fertilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
M. Jahiruddin ◽  
M. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Soyema Khatun ◽  
M. Roknuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Different Doses

The experiment was conducted in the research farm at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) to investigate the zinc biofortification ability of rice grain at different doses of zinc fertilization. In this experiment two rice varieties (BRRI dhan28 and Binadhan-16) and five doses (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 kg ha-1) of zinc fertilization were used following split-plot design with three replications. Except 1000-grain weight and plant height, all other plant characters viz., tillers hill-1, panicle length and grains panicle-1 were significantly influenced by zinc fertilization. The treatment receiving Zn at 4.5 kg ha-1 (Zn 4.5) produced the highest grain yield (7.70 t ha-1) in BRRI dhan28 which was statistically similar with the yield obtained with Zn 3.0 treatments. The zinc control treatment (Zn 0) produced the lowest grain yield in both varieties. The concentrations of N, Zn and Fe were significantly and positively influenced by the Zn treatments. The crop varieties did not differ significantly in respect of N and Fe concentrations, but the grain Zn concentration was considerably higher in BINA dhan16 than in BRRI dhan28. The grain N content as well as grain protein content linearly increased with the rates of Zn application. Thus, application of Zn at the rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 demonstrated the highest Zn fortification in both varieties but maximum zinc fortification was observed in Binadhan-16 (24.1 µg g-1) in rice grain which was 12.2% higher over control treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Exploring Suitable Biochar Application Rates with Compost to Improve Upland Field Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Se-Won Kang ◽  
Jin-Ju Yun ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Park ◽  
Ju-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Upland Field

A field experiment was carried out to investigate crop productivity, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and soil quality of an upland field treated with compost and varying rates of biochar (BC) derived from soybean stalks during crop growing periods in a corn and Chinese cabbage rotation system. Compost was supplemented with BC derived from soybean stalks at varying rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1 (BC5, BC10, BC15, and BC20, respectively); the control (BC0) area was untreated. Our results reveal that crop productivity and emissions of CO2 and N2O varied significantly with the biochar application rate. Moreover, irrespective of the biochar application rate, crop productivity was improved after BC application as compared to the control treatment area, by 11.2–29.3% (average 17.0 ± 8.3%) for corn cultivation and 10.3–39.7% (average 27.8 ± 12.7%) for Chinese cabbage cultivation. Peak emissions of CO2 and N2O were mainly observed in the early period of crop cultivation, whereas low CO2 and N2O emissions were determined during the fallow period. Compared to the control area, significant differences were obtained for CO2 emissions produced by the different biochar application rates for both crops. During the two cropping periods, the overall N2O emission was significantly decreased with BC5, BC10, BC15, and BC20 applications as compared to the control, ranging from 11.1 to 13.6%, 8.7 to 15.4%, 23.1 to 26.0%, and 15.0 to 19.6%, respectively (average 16.9% decrease in the corn crop period and 16.3% in the Chinese cabbage crop period). Soil quality results after the final crop harvest show that bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly improved by biochar application, as compared to the control. Taken together, our results indicate that compost application supplemented with biochar is potentially an appropriate strategy for achieving high crop productivity and improving soil quality in upland field conditions. In conclusion, appropriate application of biochar with compost has the concomitant advantages of enriching soil quality for long-term sustainable agriculture and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Foliar Zn Spraying Simultaneously Improved Concentrations and Bioavailability of Zn and Fe in Maize Grains Irrespective of Foliar Sucrose Supply

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyong Xia ◽  
Weilin Kong ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Yanhui Xue ◽  
Wenlong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Sucrose Supply

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global nutritional problem that is reduced through agronomic biofortification. In the current study, the effects of foliar spraying of exogenous ZnSO4·7H2O (0.2% in Quzhou and 0.3% in Licheng, w/v) and/or sucrose (10.0%, w/v) on maize (Zea mays L.) agronomic traits; concentrations of Zn, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), total phosphorus (P), phytic acid (PA) P, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N); C/N ratios; and Zn and Fe bioavailability (as evaluated by molar ratios of PA/Zn, PA × Ca/Zn, PA/Fe and PA × Ca/Fe) in maize grains were studied under field conditions for two years at two experimental locations. The results confirmed that there were no significant differences in maize agronomic traits following the various foliar treatments. Compared with the control treatment of foliar spraying with deionized water, foliar applications of Zn alone or combined with sucrose significantly increased maize grain Zn concentrations by 29.2–58.3% in Quzhou (from 18.4–19.9 to 25.2–29.6 mg/kg) and by 39.8–47.8% in Licheng (from 24.9 to 34.8–36.8 mg/kg), as well as its bioavailability. No significant differences were found between the foliar spraying of deionized water and sucrose, and between Zn-only and “sucrose + Zn” at each N application rate and across different N application rates and experimental sites. Similar results were observed for maize grain Fe concentrations and bioavailability, but the Fe concentration increased to a smaller extent than Zn. Foliar Zn spraying alone or with sucrose increased maize grain Fe concentrations by 4.7–28.4% in Quzhou (from 13.4–17.1 to 15.2–18.5 mg/kg) and by 15.4–25.0% in Licheng (from 24.0 to 27.7–30.0 mg/kg). Iron concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with Zn at each N application rate and across different N application rates and experimental locations, indicating that foliar Zn spraying facilitated the transport of endogenous Fe to maize grains. Therefore, foliar Zn spraying increased the Zn concentration and bioavailability in maize grains irrespective of foliar sucrose supply while also improving Fe concentrations and bioavailability to some extent. This is a promising agricultural practice for simultaneous Zn and Fe biofortification in maize grains, i.e., “killing two birds with one stone”.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging, Drought and Their Combination on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Five Hungarian Winter Wheat Varieties

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Angéla Anda ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
Balázs Varga
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The effects of simulated waterlogging, drought stress and their combination were examined in a model experiment in Martonvásár, Hungary, in 2018. Four modern winter wheat varieties (‘Mv Toborzó’ (TOB), ‘Mv Mambó’ (MAM), ‘Mv Karizma’ (KAR), ‘Mv Pálma’ (PAL)) and one old Hungarian winter wheat cultivar (‘Bánkúti 1201’ (BKT)) were tested. Apart from the control treatment (C), the plants were exposed to two different abiotic stresses. To simulate waterlogging (WL), plants were flooded at four leaf stage, while in the WL + D treatment, they were stressed both by waterlogging and by simulated drought stress at the early stage of plant development and at the heading stage, respectively. The waterlogging treatment resulted in a significant decrease in plant biomass (BKT, TOB), number of spikes (TOB), grain yield (BKT, TOB), water use (BTK) and water-use efficiency (TOB, MAM, PAL) compared to the controls. The combined treatment (WL + D) led to a significant decrease in plant height (BTK, MAM, KAR), number of spikes (BTK, TOB, MAM, KAR), thousand kernel weight (TOB), harvest index (BTK), biomass, grain yield, water-use efficiency (in all varieties) and water use (BKT, TOB, MAM, KAR) of the plants. The best water-use efficiency was observed for MAM; therefore, this genotype could be recommended for cultivation at stress prone areas. The varieties MAM, KAR and PAL also showed good adaptability.

scholarly journals Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Alam ◽  
I. Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Levels

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi to study the yield and yield components of wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilization. The experiment consisted of two factors i.e. (i) three wheat varieties viz., Shatabdi, Bijoy and Prodip and (ii) five levels of phosphorus viz. 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. A RCBD design was used for the experiment with three replications. The effect of variety was significant on all the yield components and yield except plant height. Prodip gave the highest grain yield (3.67 t ha-1) followed by Bijoy (3.45 t ha-1) and Shatabdi (3.28 t ha-1). Yield and yield components of wheat were significantly influenced by different levels of phosphorus. The highest grain yield (4.47 t ha-1) was recorded from P4 (120 kg P2O5 ha-1) and the lowest one (2.43 t ha-1) from the control treatment. The highest grain yield (4.80 t ha-1) was obtained from Prodip at 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 and the lowest one (2.3 t ha-1) was found in Shatabdi at control treatment. The results suggest that the combination of V3P4 (Prodip with 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) is the best for obtaining higher yield of wheat.

Influence of planting date and environment on Oklahoma wheat grain yield trend from 1963 to 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Epplin ◽  
T. F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Words Wheat

The five-year moving average (5YRMA) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield per harvested hectare has declined by more than 18% over the past decade in Oklahoma. By contrast, world wheat yields have increased steadily over the same period. The Oklahoma wheat yield trend during the past decade is inconsistent with expectations. The objective of the research was to determine why the 5YRMA wheat grain yield per harvested hectare did not increase in Oklahoma during the past decade. Five types of potential explanatory variables were investigated: structural change (including government programs), fertilizer use, proportion grazed, planting date and environment. Regression analysis was used to determine that the consequences of improvements in technology, research and education programs, as measured by a linear trend variable, were positive. However, during the past decade, these advancements were overwhelmed by changes in planting date and environmental factors. Key words: Wheat, yield, trend, planting date, environment

scholarly journals Correlations between grain yield and related traits in winter wheat under multi-environmental traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
N. Tsenov ◽  
T. Gubatov ◽  
I. Yanchev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract. In a series of field trials, a database of quantitative traits associated with winter wheat grain yield has been collected. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationships between the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) traits of productivity in environments causing the maximum possible variation of each of the traits. In order to determine the correlations between the quantitative characters studied, all possible statistical methods have been applied (regression analysis, PCA, Multiple Correspondence analysis), which complement each other. It was found that the nature of the correlations between traits depends to a large extent on the methods for their evaluation. There are high and significant correlations between grain yields and the grain number per spike (weight of grain per spike and number of grains per m2) even under strong genotype by environment interaction of all the traits in trails. The established results are related to possible options for increasing winter wheat grain yield by breeding.

scholarly journals Effects of Boron Fertilization and Sowing Date on the Grain Protein Content of Wheat Varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Ferdoush ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The World ◽  
Boron Fertilization

Wheat is the most important cereal crop and staple food of about two billion people around the world and contributes more calories and proteins to the world diet than any other cereal crop. Wheat grain quality is a function of grain composition, principally in proteins, which depends on the genotype and the environment. Protein content is a key quality factor that determines the suitability of wheat for a particular type of product as it affects other factors including mixing tolerance, loaf volume and water absorption capacity. The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University farm during 2007 to 2010 to study the effects of boron fertilization and sowing dates on the Black point disease of wheat genotypes. The soil was silty loam in texture having pH 6.7, cation exchange capacity 12.6 me/100g soil, organic matter 1.9%, total N 0.09%, available P 7.3 ppm, exchangeable K 0.09 cmol kg-1, available S 12.4 ppm, available Zn 0.8 ppm and available B 0.19 ppm. The wheat varieties used in the experiment were Prodip, Shatabdi and Sourav. Boron was applied @ 0 and 1 kg ha-1 and sowing dates were 18 November, 28 November, 08 December and 18 December. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with a distribution of sowing dates to the main plots, varieties to the sub-plots and boron treatment to the sub-sub plots. All the factors were replicated three times. The total amount TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc oxide were applied during final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied @ 120 kg ha-1 from urea (46 % N), P @ 20 kg ha-1 from TSP (20 % P), K @ 60 kg ha-1 from MoP (50 % K), S @ 10 kg ha-1 from gypsum (18 % S) and Zn @ 1.5 kg ha-1 from ZnO (78 % Zn). Urea was applied in three equal splits - final land preparation and 30 and 45 days after sowing. Boric acid (17%B) was applied to the B treatment plots prior to sowing. The crop was irrigated 2 times- 21 days (crown root initiation) and 47 days (heading stage) of sowing. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, OM, total N and available P, K, S, Zn, S and B contents. The data were analyzed statistically (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Boron application exerted a significant increasing effect on the protein content of wheat grain. A. significant variation in the N and protein content of wheat grains was observed among the wheat varieties in both the years. The 28 November sowing recorded the maximum protein content in wheat grains while the minimum value was noted with the 18 December sowing in both the years.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22038 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 41-45 2013

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